scholarly journals Community norms of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among gender minority populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Emilio J. Compte ◽  
F. Hunter McGuire ◽  
Jason M. Lavender ◽  
Tiffany A. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pride Study ◽  
Transgender Men

Abstract Purpose Representing the pathological extreme pursuit of muscularity, muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by a pervasive belief or fear around insufficient muscularity and an elevated drive for muscularity. Despite evidence of heightened body image-related concerns among gender minority populations, little is known about the degree of MD symptoms among gender minorities, particularly based on Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) scores. The objective of this study was to assess community norms of the MDDI in gender-expansive people, transgender men, and transgender women. Method Data from participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing study of health outcomes in sexual and gender minority people, were examined. We calculated means, standard deviations, and percentiles for the MDDI total and subscale scores among gender-expansive people (i.e., those who identify outside of the binary system of man or woman; n = 1023), transgender men (n = 326), and transgender women (n = 177). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess group differences and post hoc Dunn’s tests were used to examine pairwise differences. Results Transgender men reported the highest mean MDDI total score (30.5 ± 7.5), followed by gender-expansive people (27.2 ± 6.7), then transgender women (24.6 ± 5.7). The differences in total MDDI score were driven largely by the Drive for Size subscale and, to a lesser extent, the Functional Impairment subscale. There were no significant differences in the Appearance Intolerance subscale among the three groups. Conclusions Transgender men reported higher Drive for Size, Functional Impairment, and Total MDDI scores compared to gender-expansive people and transgender women. These norms provide insights into the experience of MD symptoms among gender minorities and can aid researchers and clinicians in the interpretation of MDDI scores among gender minority populations.

Personality Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Julie Prud’homme ◽  
Christina L. Robillard ◽  
Brianna J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Research examining the prevalence, impact, and course of personality disorders in sexual and gender minority populations is sparse; however, the available literature suggests that personality pathology is more prevalent in sexual and gender minorities compared to those who identify as heterosexual and/or cisgender. Although research is limited, several competing hypotheses have attempted to explain this disparity, including environmental, developmental, minority stress, and dual marginalization theories, as well as critical theories that point to possible roles of diagnostic, clinician, and cultural biases. This chapter highlights three critical future directions. First, rigorous longitudinal research needs to be conducted to evaluate competing etiological hypotheses of personality disorders in sexual and gender minorities. Second, future personality research should examine through an intersectional lens how additional aspects of one’s identity (e.g., ethnicity, class) interact with sexual orientation and gender to influence the experiences of these groups. Finally, clinicians and researchers must be sensitive to both the need to accurately document personality pathology, and the need to avoid unnecessarily pathologizing the experiences of sexual and gender minorities. Ultimately, addressing these future directions would enhance clinicians’ and researchers’ understanding of and ability to respond to the mental health needs of sexual and gender minority populations.

Nicotine Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Alicia K. Matthews ◽  
Cherdsak Duangchan ◽  
Chien-Ching Li
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

The prevalence of tobacco use disorders among sexual and gender minorities remains consistently high despite the overall reduction of tobacco use in the United States and other parts of the world. This chapter begins by describing the criteria for tobacco use disorders in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The authors discuss rates of tobacco use based on sexual orientation and gender identity and summarize the literature describing risk and protective factors for tobacco use among sexual and gender minorities. Strategies are highlighted for reducing the overall public health threat of tobacco use in sexual and gender minority populations.

Sexual Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Heather L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual disorders and dysfunction are common among people of all sexual orientations and gender identities. And while definitions and conceptions of sexual health are typically broad, the clinical and research perspectives on sexual function and dysfunction have traditionally relied on the four-phase model of sexual response and disorders are generally classified as “male” or “female.” This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria for specific sexual dysfunctions and presents a summary of existing research among sexual and gender minority populations. Overall, research on sexual dysfunction among sexual and gender minority people is limited, and this is especially true for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. Understanding these often complex disorders requires that individuals, clinicians, and researchers consider a range of biopsychosocial factors that can affect and be affected by one’s sexual health and sexuality.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Emergency Care by Sexual and Gender Minorities in Colorado: Barriers, Quality, and Factors Affecting Identity Disclosure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910
Author(s):  
William LaPlant ◽  
Leonardo Kattari ◽  
Lexie Ross ◽  
Jennifer Zhan ◽  
Jeffrey Druck
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Identity Disclosure ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Expanding on data concerning emergency department (ED) use and avoidance by the sexual minority (those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, other [LGTBQ+]) and gender minority (those who identify as transgender, gender nonconforming, other) community may inform future ED LGTBQ+ training and clinical practice. Investigation objectives included characterizing rates of emergency care avoidance, identifying barriers to emergency care, and assessing emergency care quality and cultural competency for sexual and gender minorities. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional needs assessment, sexual minority, gender minority, and/or cisgender heterosexual-identified participants were selected based on participants’ subscription to newsletters or social media accounts for One Colorado, an LGBTQ+ advocacy organization. Each participant completed a single digital survey that collected qualitative and quantitative data about ED perception, use, and demographics. Results: A total of 477 LGBTQ+ or heterosexual-identified individuals (mean age = 44.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 16.7)) participated in the study. Lifetime emergency care avoidance rates for gender minorities were markedly increased (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 – 6.6; P <.001), while avoidance rates for sexual minorities were similar to those of cisgender heterosexual respondents (17% vs 14%; P <.001). Gender minorities were more likely than sexual minorities to both avoid emergency care due to fear of discrimination (43% vs 15%; P =.002) and to have experienced discrimination during their last ED visit (OR 11, [95% CI, 5–24]; P <.001). No significant differences were observed between participants in care avoidance due to financial reasons or prior negative experiences. No cited ED factors that influenced identity disclosure decisions were distinctly predictive. Conclusion: Gender minorities are more likely than sexual minorities and heterosexual cisgender individuals to report ED avoidance and discrimination at last ED visit. Future work characterizing deficits in LGBTQ+ ED care might reduce these avoidance and discrimination rates, enhancing the level of patient care provided to this population.

Mental Health and HIV-related Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Cisgender, Transgender, and Gender Non- Conforming MSM in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhizhou Duan ◽  
Liyin Wang ◽  
Menglan Guo ◽  
Changmian Ding ◽  
Danqin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The new recognition of sub-groups among gender minorities (i.e transgender and gender non-conforming) who also identify as men who have sex with men (MSM) play a considerable role in new HIV infections in China. However, while research focuses on the prevalence of MSM, it ignores the diversity of gender minorities within the MSM population. Furthermore, information on the mental health and HIV-related risky sexual behavior also requires consideration to understand the prevalence and new rates of infection both of MSM and within these gender minority sub-groups. Methods From September 2017 to December 2017, MSM were recruited in Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha cities in China. Participants were asked to fill out a structured self-designed questionnaire to assess depression, perceived social support, resilience, identify concealment, and HIV-related risky sexual behaviors. Results A total of 715 MSM completed the structured questionnaire, the number of gender minorities identifying as MSM were 63 and accounted for 8.8% of the population. Compared with the cisgender MSM population, transgender MSM had a significantly lower likelihood of identity concealment (P = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.16, 5.79), were more likely to have one-night stand/occasional partner in the past six months (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.17–13.03), have sex after drug use (AOR = 2.84, 95%CI = 1.18–6.79), and engage in commercial sexual behavior in the past six months (AOR = 6.09, 95%CI = 1.003–36.94). In terms of gender non-conforming MSM, the differences were not significant for mental health and HIV-related risky sexual behaviors in comparison to the cisgender MSM population. Conclusions It is critical to create targeted interventions tailored towards the different gender minority identities among the MSM population. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between gender identity, mental health, and HIV-related risky sexual behaviors.

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