scholarly journals Genetic predisposition to longer telomere length and risk of childhood, adolescent and adult-onset ependymoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenan Zhang ◽  
◽  
Quinn T. Ostrom ◽  
Eleanor C. Semmes ◽  
Vijay Ramaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Ependymoma is the third most common brain tumor in children, with well-described molecular characterization but poorly understood underlying germline risk factors. To investigate whether genetic predisposition to longer telomere length influences ependymoma risk, we utilized case–control data from three studies: a population-based pediatric and adolescent ependymoma case–control sample from California (153 cases, 696 controls), a hospital-based pediatric posterior fossa type A (EPN-PF-A) ependymoma case–control study from Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (83 cases, 332 controls), and a multicenter adult-onset ependymoma case–control dataset nested within the Glioma International Case-Control Consortium (GICC) (103 cases, 3287 controls). In the California case–control sample, a polygenic score for longer telomere length was significantly associated with increased risk of ependymoma diagnosed at ages 12–19 (P = 4.0 × 10−3), but not with ependymoma in children under 12 years of age (P = 0.94). Mendelian randomization supported this observation, identifying a significant association between genetic predisposition to longer telomere length and increased risk of adolescent-onset ependymoma (ORPRS = 1.67; 95% CI 1.18–2.37; P = 3.97 × 10−3) and adult-onset ependymoma (PMR-Egger = 0.042), but not with risk of ependymoma diagnosed before age 12 (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.94–1.34; P = 0.21), nor with EPN-PF-A (PMR-Egger = 0.59). These findings complement emerging literature suggesting that augmented telomere maintenance is important in ependymoma pathogenesis and progression, and that longer telomere length is a risk factor for diverse nervous system malignancies.

scholarly journals BIOM-50. GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO LONGER TELOMERE LENGTH AND RISK OF CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENT AND ADULT-ONSET EPENDYMOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii12-ii12
Author(s):  
Chenan Zhang ◽  
Quinn Ostrom ◽  
Eleanor Semmes ◽  
Vijay Ramaswamy ◽  
Helen Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

Abstract INTRODUCTION Ependymoma is the third most common brain tumor in children, with well-described molecular characterization but poorly understood underlying germline risk factors. Telomerase reactivation in somatic cells has been linked to ependymoma progression, recurrence, and survival, and has been implicated as an important prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. METHODS To investigate whether inherited predisposition to longer telomere length influences ependymoma risk, we utilized case-control data from three studies: 1) a population-based pediatric and adolescent ependymoma case-control sample from California (153 cases, 696 controls), 2) a hospital-based pediatric posterior fossa type A ependymoma (EPN-PF-A) case-control study from Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (83 cases, 332 controls), and 3) a multicenter adult-onset ependymoma case-control dataset nested within the Glioma International Case-Control Consortium (GICC) (103 cases, 3287 controls). We investigated the individual effect of telomere-length associated SNPs on ependymoma risk, as well as the combined effect of these SNPs through polygenic score and Mendelian randomization analyses. RESULTS We observed an association between genetic predisposition to longer LTL and increased risk of adolescent-onset (P= 3.97x10-3) and adult-onset (P =0.042) ependymoma, but not ependymoma diagnosed in children < 12 years old (P=0.21), or among the pediatric EPN-PF-A sample (P=0.59). Comparing ependymoma patients ages 12–19 to those under 12 years of age demonstrated that age significantly modified the association between longer telomere length and ependymoma risk (P=0.021). CONCLUSIONS These findings complement emerging literature suggesting that dysregulated telomere maintenance is important for ependymoma pathogenesis and that longer telomere length is a risk factor for various neoplasms of the peripheral and central nervous system.

scholarly journals Occupation and subcategories of asthma: a population-based incident case–control study

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106953
Author(s):  
Maritta S Jaakkola ◽  
Taina K Lajunen ◽  
Behzad Heibati ◽  
Ying-Chuan Wang ◽  
Ching-Huang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundWe hypothesised that occupational exposures differently affect subtypes of adult-onset asthma.ObjectiveWe investigated potential relations between occupation and three subtypes of adult asthma, namely atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma and asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS).MethodsThis is a population-based case–control study of incident asthma among working-age adults living in Pirkanmaa Hospital District in Southern Finland. The determinant of interest was occupation at the time of diagnosis of asthma or the job that the subject had quit due to respiratory symptoms. Asthma was divided into three mutually exclusive subtypes on the basis of any positive IgE antibody (atopic and non-atopic asthma) and presence of persistent airways obstruction in spirometry (ACOS). We applied unconditional logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted OR (aOR), taking into account gender, age and smoking.ResultsThe following occupational groups showed significantly increased risk of atopic asthma: chemical industry workers (aOR 15.76, 95% CI 2.64 to 94.12), bakers and food processors (aOR 4.69, 95% CI 1.18 to 18.69), waiters (aOR 4.67, 95% CI 1.40 to 15.56) and those unemployed (aOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.52 to 6.17). The following occupations showed clearly increased risk of non-atopic asthma: metal workers (aOR 8.37, 95% CI 3.77 to 18.59) and farmers and other agricultural workers (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.10 to 5.06). Some occupational groups showed statistically significantly increased OR of ACOS: electrical and electronic production workers (aOR 30.6, 95% CI 6.10 to 153.35), fur and leather workers (aOR 16.41, 95% CI 1.25 to 215.85) and those retired (aOR 5.55, 95% CI 1.63 to 18.97).ConclusionsOur results show that different occupations are associated with different subtypes of adult-onset asthma.

scholarly journals Environmental asbestos exposure and clustering of malignant mesothelioma in community: a spatial analysis in a population-based case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Airoldi ◽  
C. Magnani ◽  
F. Lazzarato ◽  
D. Mirabelli ◽  
S. Tunesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Neighborhood exposure to asbestos increases the risk of developing malignant mesothelioma (MM) in residents who live near asbestos mines and asbestos product plants. The area of Casale Monferrato (Northwest Italy) was impacted by several sources of asbestos environmental pollution, due to the presence of the largest Italian asbestos cement (AC) plant. In the present study, we examined the spatial variation of MM risk in an area with high levels of asbestos pollution and secondly, and we explored the pattern of clustering. Methods A population-based case–control study conducted between 2001 and 2006 included 200 cases and 348 controls. Demographic and occupational data along with residential information were recorded. Bivariate Kernel density estimation was used to map spatial variation in disease risk while an adjusted logistic model was applied to estimate the impact of residential distance from the AC plant. Kulldorf test and Cuzick Edward test were then performed. Results One hundred ninety-six cases and 322 controls were included in the analyses. The contour plot of the cases to controls ratio showed a well-defined peak of MM incidence near the AC factory, and the risk decreased monotonically in all directions when large bandwidths were used. However, considering narrower smoothing parameters, several peaks of increased risk were reported. A constant trend of decreasing OR with increasing distance was observed, with estimates of 10.9 (95% CI 5.32–22.38) and 10.48 (95%CI 4.54–24.2) for 0–5 km and 5–10 km, respectively (reference > 15 km). Finally, a significant (p < 0.0001) excess of cases near the pollution source was identified and cases are spatially clustered relative to the controls until 13 nearest neighbors. Conclusions In this study, we found an increasing pattern of mesothelioma risk in the area around a big AC factory and we detected secondary clusters of cases due to local exposure points, possibly associated to the use of asbestos materials.

scholarly journals Association between shiftwork and the risk of colorectal cancer in females: a population-based case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wa Mwenga Walasa ◽  
Renee N Carey ◽  
Si Si ◽  
Lin Fritschi ◽  
Jane S Heyworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveResearch indicates that shiftwork may be associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes, including some cancers. However, the evidence of an association between shiftwork and colorectal cancer risk is limited and inconclusive. Further, while several possible pathways through which shiftwork might result in cancer have been proposed, few studies have taken these factors into account. We investigated the association between two types of shiftwork (graveyard shiftwork and early-morning shiftwork) and six mechanistic shiftwork variables (including light at night and phase shift) and the risk of colorectal cancer among females in an Australian population-based case–control study. Graveyard shiftwork was the primary exposure of interest.MethodsParticipants (350 cases and 410 controls) completed a lifetime occupational history, and exposure to each of the eight shiftwork variables was assigned to participants through a job exposure matrix. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between different shiftwork variables and the risk of colorectal cancer, adjusting for potential demographic, lifestyle and medical confounders.ResultsWorking in an occupation involving long-term exposure (>7.5 years) to graveyard shiftwork was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (adjusted OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.58). Similarly, no increased risks of colorectal cancer were seen for any of the other seven shiftwork variables examined.ConclusionsNo evidence of an increased risk of colorectal cancer among females who had worked in occupations involving shiftwork was observed in this study.

Association Between Drug Exposure and Occurrence of Parkinsonism in Korea: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siin Kim ◽  
Sang-Myung Cheon ◽  
Hae Sun Suh
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Background: Although drug-induced parkinsonism is reversible in most cases, some patients can suffer from persistent/recurrent symptoms. Therefore, prevention is the most efficient way to manage drug-induced parkinsonism. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring the relationship between parkinsonism and drug exposure. Objective: To examine the association between drug exposure and the risk of parkinsonism using Korean population-based data. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study using the National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort database. Cases and controls were defined as individuals with and without parkinsonism, respectively, between 2007 and 2013. Cases and controls were matched for sex, age group, income, type of insurance, and Charlson comorbidity index. Drug exposures, including propulsives, antipsychotics, and flunarizine, were identified at 1 year before the first date of parkinsonism and stratified by recency and cumulative dose. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results: We identified 5496 cases and 5496 controls. ORs for current use group of propulsives, antipsychotics, and flunarizine compared with those of the never use group were 2.812 (95% CI = 2.466-3.206), 3.009 (95% CI = 1.667-5.431), and 4.950 (95% CI = 2.711-9.037), respectively. ORs were greater in those more recently exposed and those exposed to higher cumulative doses. Conclusion and Relevance: At the population level, use of propulsives, antipsychotics, and flunarizine had a significant association with the increased risk of parkinsonism, depending on recency and cumulative dose. Drugs associated with parkinsonism should be used with careful monitoring to prevent drug-induced parkinsonism.

scholarly journals 165. INFECTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY FROM SOUTHERN SWEDEN

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Stamatis ◽  
Aleksandra Turkiewicz ◽  
Martin Englund ◽  
Göran Jönsson ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Social Determinants Associated with Pediatric Burn Injury: A Population-Based, Case–Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
Adam Padalko ◽  
Justin Gawaziuk ◽  
Dan Chateau ◽  
Jitender Sareen ◽  
Sarvesh Logsetty
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Teen Mother ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Income Assistance ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Social determinants of health (SDoH) influence risk of injury. We conducted a population-based, case–control study to identify which social determinants influence burn injury in children. Children (≤16 years of age) admitted to a Canadian regional burn center between January 1, 1999 and March 30, 2017 were matched based on age, sex, and geographic location 1:5 with an uninjured control cohort from the general population. Population-level administrative data describing the SDoH at the Manitoba Center for Health Policy (MCHP) were compared between the cohorts. Specific SDoH were chosen based on a published systematic review conducted by the research team. In the final multivariable model, children from a low-income household odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 1.97 (1.46, 2.65), in care 1.57 (1.11, 2.21), from a family that received income assistance 1.71 (1.33, 2.19) and born to a teen mother 1.43 (1.13, 1.81) were significantly associated with an increased risk of pediatric burn injury. This study identified SDoH that are associated with an increased risk of burn injury. This case–control study supports the finding that children from a low-income household, children in care, from a family that received income assistance, and children born to a teen mother are at an elevated risk of burn injury. Identifying children at increased potential risk allows targeting of burn risk reduction and home safety programs.

scholarly journals Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a population-based, case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Malavolti ◽  
Carlotta Malagoli ◽  
Catherine M. Crespi ◽  
Furio Brighenti ◽  
Claudia Agnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Melanoma Risk ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

AbstractGlycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are indicators of dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been associated with increased melanoma risk. However, GI and GL have not been investigated for melanoma. We present the first study to examine the possible association of GI and GL with melanoma risk. We carried out a population-based, case–control study involving 380 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 719 age- and sex-matched controls in a northern Italian region. Dietary GI and GL were computed for each subject using data from a self-administered, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We computed the odds ratio (OR) for melanoma according to quintiles of distribution of GL and GL among controls. A direct association between melanoma risk and GL emerged in females (OR 2·38; 95 % CI 1·25, 4·52 for the highest v. the lowest quintile of GL score, Pfor trend 0·070) but not in males. The association in females persisted in the multivariable analysis after adjusting for several potential confounders. There was no evidence of an association between GI and melanoma risk. GL might be associated with melanoma risk in females.

Allergic multi-morbidity is associated with an increased risk of asthma in adults: a population-based case control study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Toppila-Salmi ◽  
Sebastien Chanoine ◽  
Jussi Karjalainen ◽  
Juha Pekkanen ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study
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