scholarly journals Evaluation of novel cleaning systems on mock-ups of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue ground within the Munch Aula Paintings Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Porsmo Stoveland ◽  
Tine Frøysaker ◽  
Maartje Stols-Witlox ◽  
Terje Grøntoft ◽  
Calin Constantin Steindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Soft Particle ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractLow-risk removal of embedded surface soiling on delicate heritage objects can require novel alternatives to traditional cleaning systems. Edvard Munch’s monumental Aula paintings (1911–16) have a long history of exposure to atmospheric pollution and cleaning campaigns that have compromised the appearance and the condition of these important artworks. Soiling removal from porous and water-sensitive, unvarnished oil paintings continues to be a major conservation challenge. This paper presents the approach and results of research into the effect and efficiency of three novel systems used for soiling removal: soft particle blasting, CO2-snow blasting, and Nanorestore Gel® Dry and Peggy series hydrogels. Cleaning tests were performed on accelerated-aged and artificially soiled mock-ups consisting of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue grounds. Visual and analytical assessment (magnification using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope, as well as colour- and gloss measurement) was carried out before and after mock-up cleaning tests and the results were compared to those obtained using the dry polyurethane sponges employed in the most recent Aula surface cleaning campaign (2009–11). Although the results varied, the Nanorestore Gel® series proved promising with respect to improved soiling removal efficiency, and reduced pigment loss for the water-sensitive surfaces evaluated, compared to dry sponges.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Size on the Wear Property of Magnetorheological Fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxiang Zhang ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
Yankun Ren ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Yuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aiming to study the effect of particle size on the wear property of magnetorheological fluid (MRF), experiment materials, preparation process, and test methods are elaborated, and three different MRF samples consisting of particles of different size are prepared. Test experiments are carried out and the effect of particle size on the wear property of MRF is discussed. Moreover, the microstructures of particles extracted from MRF obtained before and after the wear experiments are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that the particle size has a significant effect on wear property of MRF. Furthermore, the MRF with particles of 1.5–2.8 μm diameter on average is good for the requirement of engineering applications.

The distribution and significance of enamel and enameloid in the dermal skeleton of osteolepiform rhipidistian fishes

Paleobiology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Meinke ◽  
Keith Stewart Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Primitive Character ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dermal Bones ◽  
Scanning Electron

Teeth and other dermal skeletal elements from three osteolepid and two eusthenopterid rhipidistians were examined with the scanning electron microscope to establish whether the hypermineralized outer layer was enameloid or enamel. Using Smith's (1978) morphological criteria to infer the developmental history of enamel and enameloid, enamel was found in the teeth and dermal bones of the osteolepids, whereas enameloid was identified in scales. Hyneria and Eusthenopteron teeth also had enamel. As enamel has also been found in teeth of living lungfishes and extant Latimeria, the presence of enamel in tetrapod teeth represents a primitive character retained from a lobe-finned ancestor and is not useful for phylogenetic studies within the lobe-finned/tetrapod group. Shellis and Miles' (1974) hypothesis that the transition from enameloid to enamel occurred via a fairly simple regulatory change is discussed.

Precipitation Characteristics of CaCO3 Scaling on Stainless Steel in Cooling Tower Condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1029-1033
Author(s):  
Jian Sheng ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

Stainless steel 304 and 316 (ss304 and ss316) are widely used in heat exchangers, and the precipitation characteristics of CaCO3 is the first step to research anti-fouling technology. CaCO3 scaling precipitated on coupons from 1.0mmol/l CaCO3 solution at 35°C. By weighing the coupons before and after static reaction experiments to get the mass of scaling and the morphology was taken by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that at the same condition there is more fouling on ss304 than ss316. Higher pH not only promotes square aragonite and calcite and square aragonite gradually recrystallize to calcite but also makes both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation rate increasing, and the former increases more, so the fouling mass is bigger at lower pH than higher pH; fouling grows at the place with higher surface energy first and then extend to surrounding place, and when the number increases and crystals grow big and connect each other to form fouling layer.

Extraction of Oil Heteroatomic Compounds Using Metal Powders

2016 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Golushkova ◽  
Alexander P. Ilyin ◽  
A.V. Mostovshchikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heteroatomic Compounds ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper presents results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations, differential thermal and elemental analyses, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of micron powders obtained by thermal decomposition of cupric and nickel oxalates before and after their blending with oil. The oil treatment modifies the powder compositions, heteroorganic compounds extracted from oil are observed on their surface. The analysis shows that materials based on copper and nickel micron powders can be used for the prepurification of crude hydrocarbons from heteroatomic compounds.

Durability Airworthiness Verification Connotation Analysis and Compliance Method Investigation for Turbine Blade

2019 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Guang Feng Hu ◽  
Zhen Lei Li ◽  
Duo Qi Shi ◽  
Xiao Guang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

The durability airworthiness verification of turbine blade is one key issue in the process of certifying a type certificate for the aircraft engine. This paper summarizes the limiting factors for turbine blade durability and proposes a compliance method to evaluate the durability life of turbine blade. The typical standards of blade durability were selected and evolution history of the regulations was traced. The regulation contents and differences between CCAR-33 and CS-E were analyzed. A series of compliance methods in airworthiness verification process were discussed in detail. Furthermore, an experimental compliance methodology was proposed to estimate the durability life of turbine blade, considering the damage of creep and fatigue. The novel methodology was verified using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. These efforts are of great benefit to support the process of obtaining the final type certificate.

scholarly journals Achnanthes citronella, A. trachyderma comb. nov. (Bacillariophyta) and allied taxa pertaining to the same morphological group

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Riaux-gobin ◽  
Pierre Compère ◽  
Friedel Hinz ◽  
Luc Ector
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Morphological Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several diatoms in the family Achnanthaceae (Bacillariophyta), mainly from marine environments, have species with strongly apiculate, lemon-shaped valves. Some of them originally described under the genus Cocconeis (i.e., C. trachyderma or C. citronella), while others were first described as Stauroneis species [i.e. Stauroneis apiculata or S.(?) obesa]. Afterwards, Cocconeis citronella has been recombined within Achnanthes by Hustedt. The type material of C. citronella from Albert Mann’s collection, housed in the Smithsonian Institution (US), has been examined with light microscope; some ambiguities are pointed out and new details added to the original description. The intricate history of the latter taxon is redrawn and comparison with allied taxa are tentatively addressed. Cocconeis trachyderma is lectotypified and recombined as Achnanthes trachyderma comb. nov. Stauroneis apiculata and S.(?) obesa are recombined as Achnanthes apiculata comb. nov. and Achnanthes obesa comb. nov. respectively. The examination with light and scanning electron microscope of several marine samples from the Society Archipelago details the unique morphology of Achnanthes trachyderma which, until recently, has been often misidentified as Achnanthes citronella due to certain similarities between both taxa.

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