scholarly journals Carbon dioxide snow cleaning of paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Mašková ◽  
Jiří Smolík ◽  
Petra Vávrová ◽  
Jitka Neoralová ◽  
Magda Součková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Paper Surface

AbstractThe cleaning of particles from smooth and rough paper surfaces using a high-speed CO2 snow jet was investigated. The measurements included characterization of the jet properties, determination of the cleaning efficiency, and evaluation of any possible adverse effects. The method was compared with nitrogen jet cleaning and dry cleaning by commercial materials. The results showed that the CO2 snow jet is able to effectively remove particles from the paper surface and did not cause any observable degradation. The CO2 snow jet cleaning compared with the mechanical dry cleaning showed similar effectiveness without any adverse effects on the paper surface. It was proved that the CO2 snow technique is a suitable method for cleaning common types of paper materials.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Snow Cleaning of Paper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Maskova ◽  
Jiri Smolik ◽  
Petra Vavrova ◽  
Jitka Neoralova ◽  
Magda Souckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Paper Surface

Abstract Cleaning of particles from smooth and rough paper surfaces was investigated using a high-speed CO2 snow jet. The measurements included characterization of the jet properties, determination of the cleaning efficiency, and evaluation of the possible adverse effects. The method was compared with the nitrogen jet cleaning and the dry cleaning by commercial materials. The results showed that the CO2 snow jet is able to effectively remove particles from the paper surface and did not cause any observable degradation. The CO2 snow jet cleaning compared with the mechanical dry cleaning showed similar effectiveness without any adverse effects on the paper surface. It was proved that the CO2 snow technique is a suitable method for cleaning of common types of paper materials.

scholarly journals Advancements in Techniques for Calibration and Characterization of In Situ Optical Particle Measuring Probes, and Applications to the FSSP-100 Probe

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nagel ◽  
Uwe Maixner ◽  
Walter Strapp ◽  
Mohammed Wasey
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Droplet Generator ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Distortion Matrix ◽  
Measured Particle

Abstract Advancements in techniques for the operational calibration and characterization of instrument performance of the Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. (PMS), forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) and optical array probes (OAPs) are presented, which also can be used for most in situ particle-measuring optical probes on the market. These techniques include the determination of a distortion matrix to correct for instrumental broadening of the measured particle size distribution. A new version of a monodisperse droplet generator is introduced for absolute calibration in the size range between 10 and 100 μm. In addition, a high-speed technique was employed for the determination of airspeed influence on the sample volume and the sizing of particles. The calibration of a PMS FSSP with real water droplets may be significantly different from the usual calibration with glass beads. High-speed measurements simulate particles at speeds of up to about 250 m s−1. Particle undersizing and the decrease of the sample volume with increasing airspeed are described. The use of the modular tools, built for this work, is discussed for probe alignment, functionality checks, and general characterization and diagnostics both in laboratory and field environments.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal characterization of polarization entanglement

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1941027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Nomerotski ◽  
Dimitrios Katramatos ◽  
Paul Stankus ◽  
Peter Svihra ◽  
Guodong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Quantum Network ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Spatial Characterization ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

We describe the full temporal and spatial characterization of polarization-entangled photons produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversions using an intensified high-speed optical camera, Tpx3Cam. This novel technique allows for precise determination of Bell inequality parameters and for new characterization methods for the spatial distribution of entangled quantum information. We also discuss a technique to synchronize multiple cameras separated by vast distances, which will be required for a distributed quantum network.

scholarly journals Development of a fast and reliable system for the automatic characterization of Giant magnetoimpedance samples

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Costa da Silva ◽  
João Henrique Costa Carvalho Carneiro ◽  
Luiz Antônio Pereira de Gusmão ◽  
Carlos Roberto Hall Barbosa ◽  
Elisabeth Costa Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Giant Magnetoimpedance ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Giant Magneto Impedance

Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) magnetometers are one of the most recent families of magnetic transducers, being characterized by their potential to achieve high sensitivities. The sensitivity of magnetic transducers is directly related to the sensitivity of its sensor elements. Thus, optimizing the sensitivity of these sensor elements is a critical part of the magnetometers development chain. This paper describes an automatic characterization system designed for the measurement of the electrical impedance of Giant Magneto- Impedance samples. The measurement uncertainties of the system were verified and discussed. The high speed of measurement attained with the use of this system, implemented in LabVIEW, allows for the rapid determination of the optimal operational point of GMI magnetometers.

scholarly journals On the Determination of Mechanical Properties of Aqueous Microgels—Towards High-Throughput Characterization

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ingrid Haga Oevreeide ◽  
Renata Szydlak ◽  
Marcin Luty ◽  
Husnain Ahmed ◽  
Victorien Prot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Fluid Field ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fundamental Point

Aqueous microgels are distinct entities of soft matter with mechanical signatures that can be different from their macroscopic counterparts due to confinement effects in the preparation, inherently made to consist of more than one domain (Janus particles) or further processing by coating and change in the extent of crosslinking of the core. Motivated by the importance of the mechanical properties of such microgels from a fundamental point, but also related to numerous applications, we provide a perspective on the experimental strategies currently available and emerging tools being explored. Albeit all techniques in principle exploit enforcing stress and observing strain, the realization differs from directly, as, e.g., by atomic force microscope, to less evident in a fluid field combined with imaging by a high-speed camera in high-throughput strategies. Moreover, the accompanying analysis strategies also reflect such differences, and the level of detail that would be preferred for a comprehensive understanding of the microgel mechanical properties are not always implemented. Overall, the perspective is that current technologies have the capacity to provide detailed, nanoscopic mechanical characterization of microgels over an extended size range, to the high-throughput approaches providing distributions over the mechanical signatures, a feature not readily accessible by atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration.

Characterization of Impressed Current Technique to Model Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Abu Zakir Morshed ◽  
Sheikh Shakib ◽  
Tanzim Jahin
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Time ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Current Technique ◽  
Corrosion Cell ◽  
Impressed Current

Corrosion of reinforcement is an important durability concern for the structures exposed to coastal regions. Since corrosion of reinforcement involves long periods of time, impressed current technique is usually used to accelerate the corrosion of reinforcement in laboratories. Characterization of impressed current technique was the main focus of this research,which involved determination of optimum chloride content and minimum immersion time of specimens for which the application of Faraday’s law could be efficient. To obtain optimum chloride content, the electrolytes in the corrosion cell were prepared similar to that of concrete pore solutions. Concrete prisms of 200 mm by 200 mm by 300 mm were used to determine the minimum immersion time for saturation. It was found that the optimum chloride content was 35 gm/L and the minimum immersion time for saturation was 140 hours. Accounting the results, a modified expression based on Faraday’s law was proposed to calculate weight loss due to corrosion. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 93-99

The Determination of Sense via Deleuze and Blanchot: Paradoxes of the Habitual, the Immemorial, and the Eternal Return

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Brently Young
Keyword(s):  
Eternal Return

Eternal return is the paradox that accounts for the interplay between difference and repetition, a dynamic at the heart of Deleuze's philosophy, and Blanchot's approach to this paradox, even and especially through what it elides, further illuminates it. Deleuze draws on Blanchot's characterisations of difference, forgetting, and the unlivable to depict the ‘sense’ produced via eternal return, which, for Blanchot, is where repetition implicates or ‘carries’ pure difference. However, for Deleuze, difference and the unlivable are also developed by the living repetition or ‘contraction’ of habit, which results in his distinctive characterization of ‘force’, ‘levity’, and sense in eternal return.

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