FORMATION OF THE OBJECT IDENTIFICATION ZONE WITH LASER INFORMATION-MEASURING SYSTEMS AT SHORT DISTANCES

The optimization of the methods for the formation of the spatial-energy distribution of the probing radiation power and the processing the receiving signal by the locating laser information-measuring systems (LIMS), taking into account the spatial-temporal structure, is carried out, and the analysis of the existing methods of their processing is carried out too. An assessment of the integral criteria for the LIMS functioning when operating in conditions of interference has been made. The calculation of the parameters of the LIMS main links was carried out, taking into account the correlation between the resolution of the optical system and the capabilities of object detection, recognition and classification. A method was developed for the formation of the probing radiation density distribution and the receiving signal processing, taking into account its space-time structure, which made it possible to determine the optimal duration of the laser probe pulse. The determined duration makes it possible to eliminate errors in measuring the parameters of an object's movement under the influence of a combination of destabilizing factors and a lack of signal processing time, which will ensure the accuracy of the target detection and recognition.

Precision active power measuring channel

The article is devoted to increasing the reliability, noise protection and improving the metrological characteristics of active power measuring converters. Much attention is paid to the problem of developing effective methods for constructing structural diagrams of active power measuring converters. This is explained by the growing requirements for the basic metrological characteristics of active power measuring converters as elements of information – measuring systems. The main attention in the work is paid to the development of ways to correct the influence of destabilizing factors in working conditions. The undoubted advantage of the work is a thorough analysis of the instrumental errors of the measuring channel, the original means of correction of the phase error and the error due to the limited suppression coefficients of in-phase interference. The obtained simulation results in the Electronics Workbench environment made it possible to determine the most effective way to protect against interference.

Ensuring the validity of the results of calibrations and tests by statistical methods

According to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017, the validity of test and calibration results is ensured, inter alia, by intralaboratory check of the results obtained. In this case, it is preferable to use statistical methods. The ISO 5725 standards define a number of such methods, but the choice of specific methods is left to the laboratory, taking into account the requirements for the adequacy of the effort, resources and time for the purposes of the work performed and the risks of obtaining inappropriate results. In this case, the laboratory itself must in a certain way determine which objects of calibrations (tests) should be predominantly used in checks and what frequency of checks should be foreseen. In connection with the increase in the accuracy and complexity of measuring systems, the need to apply the methods of the theory of random processes becomes more and more obvious. It is shown that the use of the Poincaré plot makes it possible to comprehensively, effectively and visually evaluate changes in the measuring process from the point of view of the dynamics of the obtained measurement results. The results of the check, in particular, the intermediate precision, make it possible to obtain a more realistic evaluation of measurement uncertainty in accordance with ISO 21748. The paper analyses some practical approaches (of varying degrees of complexity) to intralaboratory checks of the validity of calibration (test) results.

Application of spectral analysis for determine the phase shift of signals with equal amplitudes using full-wave transformation when measuring the characteristics of weapons

The article defines the list of technical characteristics of armaments and military equipment (ARM), the value of which is measured using phase methods. An analysis of known methods that have found wide application in measuring technology, which is designed to determine the technical characteristics associated with the measurement of phase shift during the development, manufacture and operation of weapons. Based on this analysis, it was determined that the measuring systems are designed to determine the phase shift of two harmonic signals in their composition have two channels of information transmission. This architecture of the implementation of measuring systems leads to the fact that a significant impact on the accuracy of the proposed measurement problem, makes a component of the error due to the phase symmetry of the signal transmission channels, as well as internal and external noise. As an alternative approach to solving the measurement problem of determining the phase shift of two harmonic signals, which will significantly reduce the error component due to phase asymmetry of information transmission channels, it is proposed to use the signal obtained by summing harmonic signals after full-wave transformation followed by spectral analysis. In order to implement the above approach, a measurement problem was set to determine the phase shift of two harmonic signals, using spectral analysis of the signal obtained by summing the harmonic signals after their full-wave transformation. A list of assumptions required for the synthesis of analytical relations that establish the relationship between the spectra of phases and amplitudes (power) of the signal obtained by summing harmonic signals after their full-wave transformation and phase shift of two harmonic signals. Analytical relationships are proposed that establish the relationship between the above characteristics. It is shown that the values of the spectrum of phases and amplitudes, which are calculated using the proposed expressions, differ from the values obtained in the calculations using the Fourier series coefficients, not more than 0.1%.

CONSIDERATION OF THE "CONDITION-BASED" ALGORITHM OF AVIATION EQUIPMENT OPERATION WITH THE USE OF GROUND MEANS OF TECHNICAL CONTROL AND ON-BOARD MEASURING SYSTEMS IN THE STATE AVIATION OF UKRAINE

The article highlights the main aspects and features of the algorithm of aviation equipment operation "condition-based" with the use of ground technical means of control and on-board measuring systems and the formation of decision- making principles for further operation of aircraft. To develop methods of technical diagnostics of any technical equipment, it is necessary to identify which parameters characterize its condition and reliability as well as to establish diagnostic criteria and limit values of the controlled parameters. Depending on the nature of the parameters being controlled, there are parametric and physical methods of diagnostics. Based on the results of the diagnostics, we must get a straight answer: whether or not it is necessary to perform repairs or maintenance of the equipment being tested, taking into account the ensuring of failure-free operation before the next diagnostics. Currently, a large number of different measuring equipment that can measure signals that meet the parameters of the object of control and diagnostics are successfully used to objectively determine the technical condition of aircraft. The use of the laboratory for technical diagnostics of aviation equipment in conjunction with on-board measuring systems will provide an opportunity to make a quality technical diagnostics and reasonable conclusion to decide on further operation of the sample of aviation equipment. The use of mentioned laboratory will also predict the occurrence of failures of aviation equipment systems and units. Only a comprehensive approach to the technical diagnostics of aviation equipment with employment of all means of technical control (ground, on-board) will prevent sudden failures of aviation equipment systems.

Metrological Characterization and Comparison of D415, D455, L515 RealSense Devices in the Close Range

RGB-D cameras are employed in several research fields and application scenarios. Choosing the most appropriate sensor has been made more difficult by the increasing offer of available products. Due to the novelty of RGB-D technologies, there was a lack of tools to measure and compare performances of this type of sensor from a metrological perspective. The recent ISO 10360-13:2021 represents the most advanced international standard regulating metrological characterization of coordinate measuring systems. Part 13, specifically, considers 3D optical sensors. This paper applies the methodology of ISO 10360-13 for the characterization and comparison of three RGB-D cameras produced by Intel® RealSense™ (D415, D455, L515) in the close range (100–1500 mm). ISO 10360-13 procedures, which focus on metrological performances, are integrated with additional tests to evaluate systematic errors (acquisition of flat objects, 3D reconstruction of objects). The present paper proposes an off-the-shelf comparison which considers the performance of the sensors throughout their acquisition volume. Results have exposed the strengths and weaknesses of each device. The D415 device showed better reconstruction quality on tests strictly related to the short range. The L515 device performed better on systematic depth errors; finally, the D455 device achieved better results on tests related to the standard.

The WGD—A Dataset of Assembly Line Working Gestures for Ergonomic Analysis and Work-Related Injuries Prevention

This paper wants to stress the importance of human movement monitoring to prevent musculoskeletal disorders by proposing the WGD—Working Gesture Dataset, a publicly available dataset of assembly line working gestures that aims to be used for worker’s kinematic analysis. It contains kinematic data acquired from healthy subjects performing assembly line working activities using an optoelectronic motion capture system. The acquired data were used to extract quantitative indicators to assess how the working tasks were performed and to detect useful information to estimate the exposure to the factors that may contribute to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed indicators can be exploited to early detect incorrect gestures and postures and, consequently to prevent work-related disorders. The approach is general and independent on the adopted motion analysis system. It wants to provide indications for safely performing working activities. For example, the proposed WGD can also be used to evaluate the kinematics of workers in real working environments thanks to the adoption of unobtrusive measuring systems, such as wearable sensors through the extracted indicators and thresholds.

Ten Measurements That Can Reduce Anxiety in Physicians and Their Patients Undergoing Breast Augmentation Surgery

There are numerous measuring systems that practitioners employ as part of their presurgical assessment for breast implant surgery. These range from direct measurements of patients using a tape measure, to assessment of standardized photographs and 3-dimensional scanning technologies. This personal view describes the authors system, developed over 20 years. The data yielded have assisted in assessing breast symmetry, ptosis, and match of implant to patient, with proven benefits for managing patient outcomes and expectations. It is simple, rapid to undertake, and requires inexpensive measuring equipment to provide useful data.