scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl 2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H 2 O 2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H 2 O 2 production, H 2 O 2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to cadmium (Cd) absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 µM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Also, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background: Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion: After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions: The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid application alleviates Cadmium accumulation in brown rice by modulating its shoot to grain translocation in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Feijuan ◽  
Tan Haifeng ◽  
Zhang Yiting ◽  
Huang Lihong ◽  
Ding Yanfei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination has been recognized as a major threat to the agricultural system and crop production which posing serious threat to human health. Salicylic acid (SA) serves as an important signaling molecule and plays an important role in against Cd toxicity. In the previous field experiments, we found SA spraying could reduce the Cd accumulation of rice grain grown in Cd-contaminated soil. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of SA spraying on leaves of rice seedlings under Cd stress. Results showed that SA treatment could alleviate the Cd toxicity of rice not by changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes to reduce the H 2 O 2 accumulation in rice. And the key factor of SA treatment reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain was the decreasing of Cd contents in rice leaves at the flowering stage. This indicated that SA could modulate the Cd accumulation of shoots to reduce the Cd translocation to rice grain. Furthermore, SA could increase the H 2 O 2 contents in a short-term to activate the SA-signaling pathway, and modulate the expression levels of Cd transporters ( OsLCT1 and OsLCD ) in rice leaves toraise Cd tolerance and reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain. Thus, SA spraying can be used as an effective measure to cope with Cd contamination in paddy soils.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for cadmium accumulation and distribution in rice (Oryza sativa)

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Yan ◽  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Kyu-Jong Lee ◽  
Moon Young Kim ◽  
Suk-Ha Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Positive Correlations

Cadmium (Cd) poses a serious risk to human health due to its biological concentration through the food chain. To date, information on genetic and molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation and distribution in rice remains to be elucidated. We developed an independent F7 RIL population derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars with contrasting Cd levels, ‘Suwon490’ and ‘SNU-SG1’, for QTLs identification of Cd accumulation and distribution. ‘Suwon490’ accumulated five times higher Cd in grain than ‘SNU-SG1’. Large genotypic variations in Cd accumulation (17-fold) and concentration (12-fold) in grain were found among RILs. Significant positive correlations between Cd accumulation in grain with shoot Cd accumulation and shoot to grain distribution ratio of Cd signify that both shoot Cd accumulation and shoot to grain Cd distribution regulate Cd accumulation in japonica rice grain. A total of five main effect QTLs (scc10 for shoot Cd accumulation; gcc3, gcc9, gcc11 for grain Cd accumulation; and sgr5 for shoot to grain distribution ratio) were detected in chromosomes 10, 3, 9, 11, and 5, respectively. Of these, the novel potential QTL sgr5 has the strongest effect on shoot to grain Cd distribution. In addition, two digenic epistatic interaction QTLs were identified, suggesting the substantial contribution of nonallelic genes in genetic control of these Cd-related traits.

Accumulation and Distribution of Cadmium in Different Rice Cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Liu ◽  
Yi Cheng Huang ◽  
Ming Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Order Root ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Soil Cd

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation and distribution in rice plants were investigated with six rice cultivars under different soil Cd levels. The results showed that Cd accumulations in different organs were in the order: root » stem > leaf > grain. The magnitudes of the differences among rice organs in Cd accumulations were larger for soil Cd treatments than for the control. The magnitudes of the variations among rice cultivars in Cd accumulations were the largest in grains, followed by roots, and the smallest in stems and leaves, and these were also larger for soil Cd treatments than for the control. Cd absorbed by rice plants were mostly accumulated in roots (about 80% for the control and more than 90% for soil Cd treatments), and only a very small portion was transferred into grains (about 2% for the control and less than 1% for soil Cd treatments). The magnitudes of the variations among rice cultivars in Cd distributions were larger for soil Cd treatments than for the control.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of variation of cadmium accumulation in rice and detection of a new weak allele of OsHMA3

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (21) ◽  
pp. 6389-6400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiju Sun ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Jingjing Tian ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Analysis Of Variation ◽  
Cd Translocation

AbstractExcessive cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice poses a potential threat to human health. Rice varieties vary in their Cd content, which depends mainly on root-to-shoot translocation of Cd. However, cultivars accumulating high Cd in the natural population have not been completely investigated. In this study, we analyzed the variation in Cd accumulation in a diverse panel of 529 rice cultivars. Only a small proportion (11 of 529) showed extremely high root-to-shoot Cd transfer rates, and in seven of these cultivars this was caused by two known OsHMA3 alleles. Using quantitative trait loci mapping, we identified a new OsHMA3 allele that was associated with high Cd accumulation in three of the remaining cultivars. Using heterologous expression in yeast and comparative analysis among different rice cultivars, we observed that this new allele was weak at both the transcriptional and protein levels compared with the functional OsHMA3 genotypes. The weak Cd transport activity was further demonstrated to be caused by a Gly to Arg substitution at position 512. Our study comprehensively analyzed the variation in root-to-shoot Cd translocation rates in cultivated rice and identified a new OsHMA3 allele that caused high Cd accumulation in a few rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of stem nodes in cadmium transport to rice grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailing Liu ◽  
Zhibo Zhou ◽  
Yake Yi ◽  
Guanghui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Transport ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Central Organ

Abstract Background: Node is the central organ of transferring nutrients and ions in plants. Cadmium (Cd) induced crop pollution threatens the food safety. Breeding of low Cd accumulation cultivar is a chance to resolve this universal problem. This study was performed to identify tissue specific genes involved in Cd accumulation in different rice stem nodes. Panicle node and the first node under panicle (node I) were sampled in two rice cultivars: Xiangwanxian No. 12 (low Cd accumulation cultivar) and Yuzhenxiang (high Cd accumulation cultivar). RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs. Results: Xiangwanxian No. 12 had lower Cd concentration in panicle node, node I and grain compared with Yuzhenxiang , and node Ⅰ had the highest Cd concentration in the two cultivars. RNA seq analysis identified 4,535 DEGs and 70 miRNAs between the two cultivars. Most genes related to the “transporter activity”, such as OsIRT1 , OsNramp5, OsVIT2 , OsNRT1.5A, and OsABCC1 , play roles in blocking the upward transport of Cd. Among the genes related to “response to stimulus”, we identified OsHSP70 and OsHSFA2d/B2c in Xiangwanxian No. 12 , but not in Yuzhenxiang , were all down-regulated by Cd stimulus. The up-regulation of miRNAs ( osa-miR528 and osa-miR408 ) in Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a potent role in lowering Cd accumulation via down regulating the expression of candidate genes, such as bZIP , ERF , MYB , SnRK1 and HSPs . Conclusions: Both panicle node and node I of Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a key role in blocking the upward transportation of Cd, while node I played a critical role in Yuzhenxiang . Distinct expression patterns of various transporter genes such as OsNRT1.5A, OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsVIT2 and OsABCC1 resulted in differential Cd accumulation in different nodes. Likewise, distinct expression patterns of these transporter genes are likely responsible for the low Cd accumulation in Xiangwanxian No. 12 cultivar . MiRNAs drove multiple transcription factors, such as OsbZIPs, OsERFs, OsMYBs , to play a role in Cd stress response.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the manganese/cadmium transporter OsNRAMP5 reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5705-5715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Dong Chang ◽  
Sheng Huang ◽  
Noriyuki Konishi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd), and reducing its accumulation in the grain is therefore important for food safety. We selected two cultivars with contrasting Cd accumulation and generated transgenic lines overexpressing OsNRAMP5, which encodes a major influx transporter for manganese (Mn) and Cd. We used two different promoters to control the expression, namely OsActin1 and maize Ubiquitin. Overexpression of OsNRAMP5 increased Cd and Mn uptake into the roots, but markedly decreased Cd accumulation in the shoots, whilst having a relatively small effect on Mn accumulation in the shoots. The overexpressed OsNRAMP5 protein was localized to the plasma membrane of all cell types in the root tips and lateral root primordia without polarity. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping showed that the overexpression lines accumulated more Cd in the root tips and lateral root primordia compared with the wild-type. When grown in three Cd-contaminated paddy soils, overexpression of OsNRAMP5 decreased concentration of Cd in the grain by 49–94% compared with the wild type. OsNRAMP5-overexpression plants had decreased Cd translocation from roots to shoots as a result of disruption of its radial transport into the stele for xylem loading, demonstrating the effect of transporter localization and polarity on ion homeostasis.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of stem nodes in cadmium transport to rice grain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailing Liu ◽  
Zhibo Zhou ◽  
Yake Yi ◽  
Guanghui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Transport ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Central Organ

Abstract Background: Node is the central organ of transferring nutrients and ions in plants. Cadmium (Cd) induced crop pollution threatens the food safety. Breeding of low Cd accumulation cultivar is a chance to resolve this universal problem. This study was performed to identify tissue specific genes involved in Cd accumulation in different rice stem nodes. Panicle node and the first node under panicle (node I) were sampled in two rice cultivars: Xiangwanxian No. 12 (low Cd accumulation cultivar) and Yuzhenxiang (high Cd accumulation cultivar). RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs. Results: Xiangwanxian No. 12 had lower Cd concentration in panicle node, node I and grain compared with Yuzhenxiang , and node Ⅰ had the highest Cd concentration in the two cultivars. RNA seq analysis identified 4,535 DEGs and 70 miRNAs between the two cultivars. Most genes related to the “transporter activity”, such as OsIRT1 , OsNramp5, OsVIT2 , OsNRT1.5A, and OsABCC1 , play roles in blocking the upward transport of Cd. Among the genes related to “response to stimulus”, we identified OsHSP70 and OsHSFA2d/B2c in Xiangwanxian No. 12 , but not in Yuzhenxiang , were all down-regulated by Cd stimulus. The up-regulation of miRNAs ( osa-miR528 and osa-miR408 ) in Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a potent role in lowering Cd accumulation via down regulating the expression of candidate genes, such as bZIP , ERF , MYB , SnRK1 and HSPs . Conclusions: Both panicle node and node I of Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a key role in blocking the upward transportation of Cd, while node I played a critical role in Yuzhenxiang . Distinct expression patterns of various transporter genes such as OsNRT1.5A, OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsVIT2 and OsABCC1 resulted in differential Cd accumulation in different nodes. Likewise, distinct expression patterns of these transporter genes are likely responsible for the low Cd accumulation in Xiangwanxian No. 12 cultivar . MiRNAs drove multiple transcription factors, such as OsbZIPs, OsERFs, OsMYBs , to play a role in Cd stress response.

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