scholarly journals Diel and seasonal activity pattern of alien sika deer with sympatric mammalian species from Muljangori-oreum wetland of Hallasan National Park, South Korean

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maniram Banjade ◽  
Sang-Hyun Han ◽  
Young-Hun Jeong ◽  
Hong-Shik Oh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Abstract Background Sika deer, Cervus nippon, were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since begun to impact the native ecosystem and species endemic to South Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding of the environmental impact of non-native species and their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied the diel and seasonal activity patterns of non-native sika deer and quantified the temporal overlap with sympatric mammalian species in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Results A total of 970 trap events were recorded for five mammalian species from nine locations during the camera-trap survey. Siberian roe deer (Capreoluspygargus tianschanicus) had the highest number of recorded events (72.0%), followed by sika deer (Cervus nippon) (16.2%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (5.0%), Asian badger (Meles leucurus) (4.5%), and the Jeju weasel (Mustela sibirica quelpartis) (2.0%). Sika deer had bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with peaks throughout the spring-autumn twilight, and day and night time throughout the winter. Relating the daily activity of sika deer with other mammalian species, roe deer expressed the highest degree of overlap (∆4 = 0.80) while the Asian badger demonstrated the lowest overlap (∆4 = 0.37). Conclusions Our data show that sika deer are a crepuscular species with seasonal variations in daily activity patterns. Additionally, we identified the temporal differences in activity peaks between different mammals in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands and found higher degree of overlap between sika deer and roe deer during twilight hours.

scholarly journals Seasonal activity pattern of Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleem Ahmed ◽  
Jamal A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
Swamp Deer

The data on activity pattern and time budget of Swamp deer (Rucervus duvauceli duvauceli) were collected through instantaneous scan sampling from Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India Diurnal activity pattern of Swamp deer showed marked reduction in resting in winter as compared to summer. In winter resting in adult males showed polymodal pattern with peaks occurring at different hours of the day and continued throughout the day without any break. Feeding of adult females in winter and summer seasons showed a polymodal pattern with peaks occurring at different hours of the day without break. In yearling males feeding and resting was observed to occur throughout the day during winter season with peaks occurring between 11:00 to 12:00 hours. Yearling females showed continuous feeding throughout the day with peaks in different times in both the seasons. The seasonal distribution of activity patterns of the fawns showed that feeding was slightly more in summer as compared to winter. In time budget, of the expenditure on different activities, resting accounted for 63.77% and feeding 24.70%. In both the seasons resting was the major portion of their activity. Analysis showed that in all age and sex categories of Swamp deer in the Dudhwa NP, resting dominated on all other activities. The observation on endangered Swamp deer indicates synchronization in activity only in the feeding in the morning and evening hours and resting throughout the day.

Diversity of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase genes in the rumens of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed different diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Gemma Henderson ◽  
Yahan Yang ◽  
Guangyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Capreolus Pygargus

Reductive acetogenesis by homoacetogens represents an alternative pathway to methanogenesis to remove metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of homoacetogen in the rumens of pasture-fed roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed either oak-leaf-based (tannin-rich, 100 mg/kg dried matter), corn-stover-based, or corn-silage-based diets, by using formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene sequences as a marker. The diversity and richness of FTHFS sequences was lowest in animals fed oak leaf, indicating that tannin-containing plants may affect rumen homoacetogen diversity. FTHFS amino acid sequences in the rumen of roe deer significantly differed from those of sika deer. The phylogenetic analyses showed that 44.8% of sequences in pasture-fed roe deer, and 72.1%, 81.1%, and 37.5% of sequences in sika deer fed oak-leaf-, corn-stover-, and corn-silage-based diets, respectively, may represent novel bacteria that have not yet been cultured. These results demonstrate that the rumens of roe deer and sika deer harbor potentially novel homoacetogens and that diet may influence homoacetogen community structure.

scholarly journals Diversity, activity patterns, and habitat use of the snake fauna of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park in Central Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues França ◽  
Vívian da Silva Braz
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Richness Estimators ◽  
Crotalus Durissus ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP) in central Brazil is one of the most important protected areas of Brazilian Cerrado yet the diversity that this park harbors remains unknown for many taxa. From 2006 to 2009, we studied the snake assemblage of CVNP to determine the species composition, abundance, seasonal and daily activity patterns, morphology, and habitat use. We documented 47 snake species from seven families within CVNP, with the most common species being Bothrops marmoratus, Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Crotalus durissus and Bothrops moojeni. The incidence of snakes was highly seasonal and appeared to be associated mainly with rainfall. Daily activity patterns revealed that the majority of snakes are strictly diurnal, whereas others are nocturnal or active during both periods. Species richness estimators suggest that more snake species than the 47 we documented likely occur within CVNP, indicating that it harbors one of the richest snake faunas among South American open biomes studied to date.

scholarly journals The Healthy Heart: Lessons from Nature's Elite Athletes

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrie M. Williams ◽  
Penni Bengtson ◽  
Diana L. Steller ◽  
Donald A. Croll ◽  
Randall W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

The incidence of cardiovascular disease in humans is more than three times that of many wild and domestic mammals despite nearly identical heart morphologies and responses to exercise. A survey of mammalian species from 0.002-kg shrews to 43,000-kg whales shows that the human heart is more dog-like than cat-like and that neither body size nor longevity accounts for the relative vulnerability to cardiovascular disease. Rather, a major difference is daily activity patterns, which may underlie the comparatively healthy hearts of wild mammals.

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