scholarly journals Augmented wealth in Switzerland: the influence of pension wealth on wealth inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursina Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
Pension Wealth

Abstract Entitlements for social security and occupational pensions present a major wealth component and play a central role for financial security. However, most individual-level data lacks information on pension wealth. By linking various data sources, this contribution estimates the present value of future pension entitlements in Switzerland for statutory pensions, occupational pensions and third pillar accounts and analyses the distribution of augmented wealth, which combines pension wealth and net worth. The CH-SILC survey from 2015 is used to estimate real assets, financial assets and pension wealth of retired individuals. The pension entitlements of non-retired individuals are simulated on the basis of their earning history from administrative records following the accrual method and assuming a real discount rate of 2%. When pension wealth is added to net worth, average wealth doubles, and the Gini-coefficient declines by 26%. The equalising effect is particularly strong for social security pensions. The wealth distribution differs strongly between the three pillars of the pension system; there are also strong differences between gender and age groups. In Switzerland, wealth accumulation continues after retirement age.

scholarly journals Religious Beliefs And Wealth Accumulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
E. Anne York ◽  
Marilyn Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
The Relationship

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">One of the more interesting findings in the research on household wealth is the relationship between religion and wealth accumulation. In contrast to previous studies that use denominational affiliation, we use a more precise measure of religious belief constructed from responses to survey questions regarding interpretation of the Bible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regression results indicate that households with more literalist Biblical beliefs have lower net worth overall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Additional analysis using quantile regression reveals that this relationship holds only for the upper half of the wealth distribution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no relationship at lower levels of wealth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, while more literalist households are less likely to have an investment account or to have ever received an inheritance, they are more likely to own a home and to have a positive net worth.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals What Money Can’t Buy: Wealth, Inequality, and Economic Satisfaction in the Rentier State

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Sage Mitchell ◽  
Justin J. Gengler
Keyword(s):  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rentier States ◽  
Literature Group

How do perceived inequalities in allocation impact citizen satisfaction with state-distributed benefits in rentier societies? Resource-rich rentier regimes are widely theorized to maintain the economic and political satisfaction of subjects through wealth distribution. Yet, while qualitative research in the rentier states of the Arabian Peninsula has identified unequal distribution as a source of discontent, the relative importance of objective versus subjective factors in shaping satisfaction at the individual level has never been systematically evaluated. Here we assess the impacts of inequality on the nexus between wealth and satisfaction among citizens of the richest rentier regime in the world: the state of Qatar. Using original, nationally representative survey data, we test the effects of two separate mechanisms of unequal distribution previously identified in the literature: group-based discrimination, and variation in individual access owing to informal influence. Results show that perceptions of both group- and individual-based inequality dampen satisfaction with state-distributed benefits, irrespective of objective socioeconomic well-being. The findings demonstrate that even in the most affluent of rentier states, economic satisfaction derives not only from absolute quantities of benefits but also from subjective impressions of fairness in the distribution process.

scholarly journals Saving, Sharing, or Spending? The Wealth Consequences of Raising Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lee Maroto
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Wealth Effects ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses 1986-2012 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort data to investigate the relationship between raising children and net worth among younger baby boomer parents. I combine fixed effects and unconditional quantile regression models to estimate changes in net worth associated with having children in different age groups across the wealth distribution. This allows me to test whether standard economic models for savings and consumption over the life course hold for families at different wealth levels. My findings show that the wealth effects of children vary throughout the distribution. Among families at or below the median, children of all ages were associated with wealth declines, likely due to the costs of childrearing. However, at the 75th percentile and above, wealth increased with the presence of younger children but decreased once those children reached age 18. My results, therefore, provide evidence for a saving and investment model of childrearing among wealthier families, but not among families at or below median wealth levels. For these families, the costs of raising children largely outweighed motivations for saving.

scholarly journals Multilevel modelling and multiple group analysis of disparities in continuity of care and viral suppression among adolescents and youths living with HIV in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e003269
Author(s):  
Okikiolu Badejo ◽  
Christiana Noestlinger ◽  
Toyin Jolayemi ◽  
Juliette Adeola ◽  
Prosper Okonkwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Facility Level

IntroductionSubstantial disparities in care outcomes exist between different subgroups of adolescents and youths living with HIV (AYLHIV). Understanding variation in individual and health facility characteristics could be key to identifying targets for interventions to reduce these disparities. We modelled variation in AYLHIV retention in care and viral suppression, and quantified the extent to which individual and facility characteristics account for observed variations.MethodsWe included 1170 young adolescents (10–14 years), 3206 older adolescents (15–19 years) and 9151 young adults (20–24 years) who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2015 and December 2017 across 124 healthcare facilities in Nigeria. For each age group, we used multilevel modelling to partition observed variation of main outcomes (retention in care and viral suppression at 12 months after ART initiation) by individual (level one) and health facility (level two) characteristics. We used multiple group analysis to compare the effects of individual and facility characteristics across age groups.ResultsFacility characteristics explained most of the observed variance in retention in care in all the age groups, with smaller contributions from individual-level characteristics (14%–22.22% vs 0%–3.84%). For viral suppression, facility characteristics accounted for a higher proportion of variance in young adolescents (15.79%), but not in older adolescents (0%) and young adults (3.45%). Males were more likely to not be retained in care (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.28; p<0.001 young adults) and less likely to achieve viral suppression (aOR=0.69; p<0.05 older adolescent). Increasing facility-level viral load testing reduced the likelihood of non-retention in care, while baseline regimen TDF/3TC/EFV or NVP increased the likelihood of viral suppression.ConclusionsDifferences in characteristics of healthcare facilities accounted for observed disparities in retention in care and, to a lesser extent, disparities in viral suppression. An optimal combination of individual and health services approaches is, therefore, necessary to reduce disparities in the health and well-being of AYLHIV.

Inequality in active ageing: evidence from a new individual-level index for European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKKEL BARSLUND ◽  
MARTEN VON WERDER ◽  
ASGHAR ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTIn the context of emerging challenges and opportunities associated with population ageing, the study of inequality in active-ageing outcomes is critical to the design of appropriate and effective social policies. While there is much discussion about active ageing at the aggregate country level, little is known about inequality in active-ageing experiences within countries. Based on the existing literature on active ageing, this paper proposes an individual-level composite active ageing index based on Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data. The individual-level nature of the index allows us to analyse inequality in experiences of active ageing within selected European countries. One important motivation behind measuring active ageing at the individual level is that it allows for a better understanding of unequal experiences of ageing, which may otherwise be masked in aggregate-level measures of active ageing. Results show large differences in the distribution of individual-level active ageing across the 13 European countries covered and across age groups. Furthermore, there is a positive association between the country-level active ageing index and the equality of its distribution within a country. Hence, countries with the lowest average active ageing index tend to have the most unequal distribution in active-ageing experiences. For nine European countries, where temporal data are also available, we find that inequality in active-ageing outcomes decreased in the period 2004 to 2013.

Reinventing Social Security: Towards a Two-Step Mixed Pension System

2020 ◽  
pp. 441-472
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Domínguez-Fabián ◽  
Francisco del Olmo-García ◽  
José Antonio Herce-San Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System

scholarly journals Exploring the role of family ties on life satisfaction in later life in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-2019) ◽  
pp. 180-198
Author(s):  
Aïda Solé-Auró ◽  
Clara Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Level Data

We analyzed the relationship between family ties and the life satisfaction of people between the ages of 50 and 85 years in 13 European countries. We aim at determining the effects of partnership (being currently in a partnership) and parenthood (having remained childless). We use individual-level data from the sixth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The analyses are restricted to respondents who are partnered or who have ever been married. We apply a multivariate analysis to examine the association of life satisfaction with family ties for men and for women. We add controls for age groups and education level, and we pay special attention to the role of individuals’ network size. Our findings indicate that in all countries, having no partner has the strongest and most negative association with life satisfaction. However, there was no clear association between not having children and life satisfaction across countries. We also find an important role of some protector variables, such as having a strong network which, in most countries, significantly increase one’s life satisfaction. We find that there is a relationship between individuals’ family situation and life satisfaction, but it is restricted to being in a partnership. The protection factor of having a partner improves one’s life satisfaction at older ages much more than protection by having children. This finding can reduce the concern about the long run implications of increasing childlessness among younger cohorts as it is not necessarily associated to a higher risk of low life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Current Investment Strategies for Private Individuals as Small Investors in Times of Low Interest Rates

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Ing. Martin A. Moser, MA. MSc
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Right

Money plays an important role, both on a social and an individual level. Secure forms of investment hardly bring any interest. Also, state financial support has changed and will continue to do so in the future. A constructive, forward-looking approach to private finances and long-term wealth accumulation are therefore becoming increasingly important. Finding the right system at the right time is a challenge that small private investors have to face continuously. On the internet, in magazines or television programs, investors will find a flood of information. The fact that unlimited amounts of data can be accessed, often creates more confusion than perspective. This applies particularly to the investment business. Based on a literature review, this article provides an overview of current forms of investment for small private investors and uses qualitative research via problem-centered interviews to critically compare their advantages and disadvantages in times of low interest rates.

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