On the virulence of two Beauveria bassiana strains against the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Durry) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), larvae and their biological properties in relation to different abiotic factors

Abstract Background The genus Beauveria is frequently used as a mycoinsecticides in many countries to control insect pests in agriculture, it is being very effective against the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Durry) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), which is a pest of trees in forests and orchards. Multiple abiotic factors during fungal growth are well known to influence mycelial growth and several physiological adaptations in the conidia produced. Results In this study, the pathogenicity of the Beauveria bassiana strains Bb10331 and Bb7725 against H. cunea was evaluated. Peptone potato dextrose agar (PPDA) was used as the medium and colony diameter, conidiation capacity, conidial germination rate were directly affected by relative humidity (RH), illumination, and the ambient pH. The LC50 values of Bb10331 and Bb7725 to H. cunea were 4.72 × 106 and 3.28 × 106 conidia·ml−1, respectively, after 120 h post treatments, while their corresponding LT50 values were 71.13 and 74.54 h at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/ml. The Bb7725 had a conidial germination rate than did Bb10331 at the same RH. The two strains grew faster under a dark:light (D:L) photoperiod of 12:12 h, and this particular light condition was also most suitable for their conidia production. The optimum pH for the growth and conidiation of the two strains was approximately 7.0. Conclusions Both strains are promising for pest control, possessing effective virulence against H. cunea, but this is slightly stronger in Bb7725 than Bb10331. The values of abiotic factors apt to promote the biological properties of each B. bassiana were different.

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Different strategies to kill the host presented byMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2017-0517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel ◽

María Fernández-Bravo ◽

Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães ◽

Enrique Quesada-Moraga

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Growth Strategy

Studies conducted over the last decades have shown the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of some insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi infect their host through the cuticle, so they do not need to be ingested to be effective. These fungi also secrete secondary metabolites and proteins that are toxic to insect pests. In this context, we analyzed the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) strains IBCB 384 and IBCB 425 and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. strains E 1764 and E 3158 against Galleria mellonella (Linn.) larvae, during pre-invasion and post-invasion phases. The results showed M. anisopliae, especially strain IBCB 384, was most virulent in the pre-invasion phase against G. mellonella, whereas B. bassiana, especially strain E 1764, was most virulent in the post-invasion phase. During in vivo development and in the production of toxic serum, B. bassiana E 3158 was the most virulent. Different fungal growth (or toxin) strategies were observed for studied strains. Metarhizium anisopliae IBCB 425 prioritizes the growth strategy, whereas strain IBCB 384 and B. bassiana strains E 1764 and E 3158 have a toxic strategy. All strains have pathogenicity against G. mellonella, indicating their possible use for biocontrol.

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Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on different host plants

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/72/2012-pps ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I. Zibaee ◽

A.R. Bandani ◽

J.J. Sendi

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Host Plants ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Hyphantria Cunea ◽

Combined Application ◽

Lavandula Stoechas ◽

Platanus Orientalis ◽

Fall Webworm

A study on the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana with two medicinal plants, Artemisia annua (0.5%) and Lavandula stoechas (0.6%), was conducted against fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, in the presence of three host plants including plane tree (Platanus orientalis), boxelder (Acer negundo), and mulberry (Morus alba). The highest concentration of B. bassiana yielded the highest H. cunea mortality in all three host plants. The combination of B. bassiana and plant extracts caused the highest H. cunea mortality in all host plants. The difference could be attributed to the nutritional effects of host plants on total physiological status of larvae. To prove this point, the digestive enzymatic assessments were studied and it was pointed out that a statistical difference of α-amylase, protease, and lipase activities exists among larvae feeding upon different host plants. Thus, a combined application of an entomopathogenic fungus and a botanical insecticide may be beneficial for the control of H. cunea.

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Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Parasitism of Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury1 Larvae

Southwestern Entomologist ◽

10.3958/059.045.0105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Alejandro De La Cruz Armas ◽

Luis A. Aguirre Uribe ◽

Yolanda Hernández Hernández ◽

Ernesto Cerna Chavez ◽

Yisa Ochoa Fuentes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Hyphantria Cunea ◽

Fall Webworm

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Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7020109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽

Carmen E. Díaz ◽

Elena Trujillo ◽

Sonia A. Olmeda ◽

Felix Valcarcel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Antifungal Effects ◽

Aspergillus Sp

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1–3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A was not detected under the fermentation conditions used in this work. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal extracts rich in mellein.

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Plasticity of nutrient accumulation patterns in diapausing fall webworm pupae

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485321000201 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lvquan Zhao ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Ying Qiu ◽

Alex S. Torson

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Diapause Induction ◽

Energy Reserve ◽

Short Photoperiod ◽

Induction Phase ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Hyphantria Cunea ◽

Survival And Reproduction ◽

Fall Webworm ◽

Diapause Incidence

Abstract The accumulation of nutrients during diapause preparation is crucial because any lack of nutrition will reduce the likelihood of insects completing diapause, thereby decreasing their chances of survival and reproduction. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, diapause as overwintering pupae and their diapause incidence and diapause intensity are regulated by the photoperiod. In this study, we test the hypothesis that photoperiod influences energy reserve accumulation during diapause preparation in fall webworm. We found that the body size and mass, lipid and carbohydrate content of pupae with a short photoperiod during the diapause induction phase were significantly greater than those of pupae with a relatively short photoperiod, and the efficiency of converting digested food and ingested food into body matter was greater in the short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae than the relatively short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae. We also observed higher lipase and amylase activities in short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae relative to the counterparts. However, no obvious difference was found in protein and protease in the pupae with a short photoperiod during the diapause induction phase and short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae compared with the counterparts. Therefore, we conclude that the energy reserve patterns of diapausing fall webworm pupae are plastic and that short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae increase their energy reserves by improving their feeding efficiency and increase their lipid and carbohydrate stores by increasing the lipase and amylase activities in the midgut.

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PERSISTÊNCIA NO SOLO DE INÓCULO DE Beauveria bassiana EMPREGADO PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus EM PLANTIO DE Ilex paraguariensis

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v41i1.21194 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Larissa Rolim Borges ◽

Sônia Maria Noemberg Lazzari ◽

Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽

Lívia Cardoso Bueno de Camargo ◽

Lílian Mattos Kalinoski

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Control Measures ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Yerba Mate ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Wood Borer

O controle da broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus, limita-se ao emprego de práticas silviculturais e catação manual dos insetos adultos, não sendo permitido o uso de inseticidas químicos na cultura. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos verificar a presença natural de Beauveria bassiana no solo de plantio em monocultura de erva-mate, determinar a persistência de B. bassiana no solo após duas e três aplicações do fungo e averiguar a influência de fatores abióticos na estabilidade do fungo no solo. O estudo foi conduzido em um erval no município de Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brasil, onde foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas áreas, para avaliação da presença natural de inóculos do fungo B. bassiana, procedendo-se à contagem, isolamento e identificação.Não foi detectada a ocorrência natural do fungo no solo em nenhuma das duas áreas. Após essa confirmação, foram realizadas pulverizações com B. bassiana em ambas as áreas, sendo que em uma ocorreram duas e na outra três aplicações. Após a última pulverização, realizada em fevereiro/2006, verificou-se que os inóculos do fungo persistiram por 90 dias na área com duas aplicações e 120 dias na área com três aplicações. A temperatura afetou a persistência do fungo no solo em ambas as áreas, mas a umidade relativa não mostrou influência sobre os inóculos em campo.Palavras-chave: Broca-da-erva-mate; controle biológico; epizootia; fungo entomopatogênico. AbstractPersistence in soil of inoculum of Beauveria bassiana used to control Hedypathes betulinus in yerba maté plantation, Ilex paraguariensis. Control measures of Hedypathes betulinus are restricted to agricultural practices and hand picking of adult insects. No chemical control is allowed in yerba maté cultivation areas. The objectives of this research were to verify the natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the soil of yerba maté in monoculture; to determine the persistence of inoculums in the soil after applications of the fungus; and to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on fungus stability in the soil. The soil samples were taken from two experimental areas in a yerba maté plantation in the county of Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The samples were analyzed in order to count, isolate and identify inoculums of B. bassiana and other fungi. After the confirmation that B. bassiana was not present in the soil, a suspension of the fungus was applied, twice in one of the areas and three times in the other. After the last application in February/2006, the inoculum persisted for 90 and 120 days, in the area with two and three applications, respectively. The temperature affected the persistence of B. bassiana in soil; however, the relative humidity did not.Keywords: Biological control; epizooty; entomopathogenic fungus; wood borer.

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