scholarly journals The epidemiology of common mental disorders in Libya: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Abdulshafea ◽  
Abdul Hakim Rhouma ◽  
Nadeem Gire ◽  
Ali AlMadhoob ◽  
Usman Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Introduction There has been a global increase in the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD), particularly in conflict hotspots. The limited amount of resources is one of the key barriers to effective treatment within Low- and Middle-income countries (LAMICs). The lack of service provision for mental health disorders in LAMICs has resulted in limited opportunities to conduct mental health research. Libya is a North African country that has suffered from ongoing conflict with the current political unrest in Libya further impacting the mental health of the population. Main text The aim of this review is to conduct a synthesis of evidence regarding the estimated prevalence and associated risk factors of CMD in Libya. A search was completed in the academic databases; PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINHAL, and the Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC) from inception to March 2020. Only studies that investigated prevalence and associated risk factors of CMD in Libya were included. A total of 219 studies were identified of which 15 met the inclusion criteria for the review. There were (n = 3) papers investigated the prevalence of depression, (n = 4) studies were focused on stress-related disorders and the remaining papers looked at both anxiety and depression. Statistically, sample sizes of the included studies ranged from (n = 41–13,031) for the prevalence studies (mean = 1188.6, median = 233). Conclusion The status of Libya as a conflict hotspot has led to a reduced level of epidemiological data on mental health, with a vital need to conduct research in CMD. Libya requires better clinical governance which can allow for more scientific research into CMD and enabling the Libyan government to develop evidence-based policy initiatives for CMD.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders and Substance Use in School Children of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
P Sharma ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
N Thakur ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of

Introduction: School mental health is one of the important areas where early detection can lead to appropriate early intervention and burden of disease can be minimized. There is dearth of prevalence studies of common mental disorders on school going adolescents in Nepal. Considering this we aimed to study the prevalence of common mental health problems and substance use in school going adolescents. Material And Method: We evaluated 240 students for common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) using translated version of PHQ-4 and substance use single validated question after taking consent from school authorities and assent from students. Results: It was seen that 68.8 % students had psychological distress. 22.9 % and 27.5% of students had anxiety and depression respectively on screener and 23.3% students had use of substance at least once within a year. When compared male had significantly higher number of substance use as compared to female but no difference in PHQ-4 scores were seen when compared between gender and history of substance use. Conclusion: The study shows the current scenario of school going adolescents in Nepal and highlights the need of prevalence data on more generalizable setting.

scholarly journals Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwawi Ng'oma ◽  
Tesera Bitew ◽  
Malinda Kaiyo-Utete ◽  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Simone Honikman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Right

Africa is a diverse and changing continent with a rapidly growing population, and the mental health of mothers is a key health priority. Recent studies have shown that: perinatal common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) are at least as prevalent in Africa as in high-income and other low- and middle-income regions; key risk factors include intimate partner violence, food insecurity and physical illness; and poor maternal mental health is associated with impairment of infant health and development. Psychological interventions can be integrated into routine maternal and child healthcare in the African context, although the optimal model and intensity of intervention remain unclear and are likely to vary across settings. Future priorities include: extension of research to include neglected psychiatric conditions; large-scale mixed-method studies of the causes and consequences of perinatal common mental disorders; scaling up of locally appropriate evidence-based interventions, including prevention; and advocacy for the right of all women in Africa to safe holistic maternity care.

scholarly journals Partner alcohol use, violence and women's mental health: population-based survey in India

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhabika B. Nayak ◽  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Jason C. Bond ◽  
Thomas K. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between partner alcohol use and violence as risk factors for poor mental health in women is unclear.AimsTo describe partner-related and other psychosocial risk factors for common mental disorders in women and examine interrelationships between these factors.MethodData are reported on 821 women aged 18–49 years from a larger population study in north Goa, India. Logistic regression models evaluated the risks for women's common mental disorders and tested for mediation effects in the relationship between partner alcohol use and these disorders.ResultsExcessive partner alcohol use increased the risk for common mental disorders two- to threefold. Partner violence and alcohol-related problems each partially mediated the association between partner excessive alcohol use and these mental disorders. Women's own violence-related attitudes were also independently associated with them.ConclusionsPartner alcohol use, partner violence and women's violence-related attitudes must be addressed to prevent and treat common mental disorders in women.

Poverty and mental illness: An unbreakable cycle?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 577-577
Author(s):  
M. Santos ◽  
A.E. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Health Organization

Mental condition is determined by a multiplicity of factors, such as biological, individual, social, economic and environmental. Mental and behavioural disorders are estimated to account for 13% of the global burden of disease, according to the World Health Organization. Despite this evidence, mental health is a neglected and an under-researched area of public health, particularly in low-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs).Recent studies found an association between common mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety, and poverty. However, investigation on several specific poverty indicators has revealed a much more complex scenario.A recent meta-analysis showed that variables such as education, food insecurity, housing, social class, socio-economic status and financial stress are consistently and strongly associated with CMD. In turn, the disabling effects of mental disorders impair the ability of persons to self-sustain, reflecting a relationship between poverty and mental disorders that has been likened to a vicious cycle.The authors emphasize the need for improvement of LMICs mental health policies.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
A Risal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Pathways To Care ◽  
Middle Income

Common mental disorders are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms typically encountered in community and primary care settings. Risk factors for these disorders are mainly lower socio-economic status, psychological illnesses, poor reproductive health, gender disadvantage and physical ill-health. WHO has recommended that treatment of all these disorders should be based in primary care to be more effective and accessible to all the community people. The structure of mental health care in primary care is generally understood in terms of the “pathways to care” model and it plays a major role in countries like ours where community-based mental health services do not exist. Both the psychological and pharmacological therapies are found to be equally effective for treating these disorders. Integration of mental health into primary care can be considered as the stepping stone in the way forward to tackle the barriers and problems in effective management of common mental disorders in the community. The acute shortage of mental health professionals and the relatively low levels of awareness about mental disorders make it mandatory that primary health care should remain the single largest sector for mental health care in low and middle income countries like ours.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i3.6308 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(3):213-7  

scholarly journals Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom self-report in adults in Kenya and its associated risk factors, an analysis from a household survey in a demographic surveillance site

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jenkins ◽  
C. Othieno ◽  
L. Ongeri ◽  
B. Ogutu ◽  
P. Sifuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Surveillance Site ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background.There have been no household surveys of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Kenya, and only one in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods.Data on ADHD was used from a household survey of mental disorders and their associated risk factors conducted in Maseno area (population 70 805), near Lake Victoria in Kenya, using a demographic surveillance site as the sample frame, as part of a wider survey of mental health, malaria and immunity A total of 1190 households were selected, and 1158 adult participants consented to the study while 32 refused to participate in the study interviews, giving a response rate of 97.3%. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener.Results.This survey found that the overall prevalence of ADHD using the ASRS was 13.1%. This suggests a high level of ADHD in the Kenyan population which needs to be further investigated for its impact on adult mental health. In the adjusted analysis, increased odds ratios (ORs) were found in those with higher assets (OR 1.7, p = 0.023), those with life events (OR 2.4, p = 0.001 for those with 2–3 life events and OR 2.6, p < 0.001 for those with 4 or more life events), and those with common mental disorders (OR 2.3, p = 0.001).Conclusion.The study demonstrates the magnitude of ADHD symptoms as a public health issue, relevant for health worker training, and the importance of further research into its prevalence in adults and associated risk factors.

scholarly journals The relationship between common mental disorders (CMDs), food insecurity and domestic violence in pregnant women during the COVID-19 lockdown in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfa Abrahams ◽  
Sonet Boisits ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perinatal Women

Abstract Purpose We aimed to explore the relationship between common mental disorders (CMDs), food insecurity and experiences of domestic violence among pregnant women attending public sector midwife obstetric units and basic antenatal care clinics in Cape Town during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Perinatal women, attending 14 healthcare facilities in Cape Town, were enrolled in the study during baseline data collection before the COVID-19 lockdown. During the lockdown period, fieldworkers telephonically contacted the perinatal women who were enrolled in the study and had provided contact details. The following data were collected from those who consented to the study: socio-demographic information, mental health assessment, food insecurity status and experiences of domestic violence. Poisson regression was used to model the associations of a number of risk factors with the occurrence of CMDs. Results Of the 2149 women enrolled in the ASSET study, 885 consented to telephonic interviews. We found that 12.5% of women had probable CMDs and 43% were severely food insecure. Psychological distress increased significantly during the lockdown period, compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak. Using multivariate Poisson regression modelling, we showed that the risk of CMDs was increased in women who were severely food insecure or who experienced psychological or sexual abuse. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mental health status of perinatal women living in low-resource settings in Cape Town and highlights how a crisis such as the COVID-19 lockdown amplifies the psycho-social risk factors associated with CMDs in perinatal women.

Systematic review of the evidence base for treatment of common mental disorders in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Kaminer ◽  
Michael Owen ◽  
Byron Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
South African ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The scarcity of mental health resources in low- and middle-income countries requires the identification of effective interventions that can be taken to scale in a cost-efficient manner. Yet the evidence base for treatment of common mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. As one of the better resourced countries on the African continent, South Africa could potentially play a leading role in developing an African evidence base for mental health care. This study sought to describe and evaluate the South African evidence base for treating common mental disorders. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials for depression, substance use, and anxiety in the adult South African population from 2000 to mid-2015 was conducted. Eligible studies were assessed for their consistency with recommendations for mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries and for methodological and reporting rigour. A total of 16 RCTs satisfied the inclusion criteria, of which 8 targeted depression, 6 targeted substance use, and 2 targeted anxiety symptoms. There has been a strong trend towards alignment with prevailing recommendations for delivery of mental health interventions in resource-scarce regions. While there are some promising findings with regard to effectiveness of specific interventions, replication, costing, and dissemination studies are still required and there is still an urgent need for treatment studies for anxiety disorders, which are the most common class of common mental disorder in South Africa. The review also indicates that research design and reporting practices in South African mental health intervention research could be enhanced and recommendations towards this are suggested.

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