scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton germplasm for morphological and biochemical host plant resistance traits against sucking insect pests complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad RIZWAN ◽  
Saifullah ABRO ◽  
Muhammad Usman ASIF ◽  
Amjad HAMEED ◽  
Wajid MAHBOOB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Insect Resistant

Abstract Background Sucking insect pests cause severe damage to cotton crop production. The development of insect resistant cotton cultivars is one of the most effective measures in curtailing the yield losses. Considering the role of morphological and biochemical host plant resistance (HPR) traits in plant defense, 12 cotton genotypes/varieties were evaluated for leaf area, leaf glanding, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total phenolics, tannin and total flavonoids against fluctuating populations of whitefly, thrips and jassid under field conditions. Results The population of these insects fluctuated during the growing season and remained above threshold level (whitefly > 5, thrips > (8–10), or jassid > 1 per leaf) during late June and early July. Strong and negative association of whitefly (r = − 0.825) and jassid (r = − 0.929) with seed cotton yield was observed. Mean population of insects were the highest in Glandless-1 followed by NIA-82 and NIA-M30. NIAB-Kiran followed by NIAB-878 and Sadori were the most resistant, with the mean population of 1.41, 1.60, 1.66 (whitefly); 2.24, 2.32, 2.53 (thrips) and 0.37, 0.31, 0.36 (jassid), respectively. The resistant variety NIAB-Kiran showed less soluble sugars (8.54 mg·g− 1), soluble proteins (27.11 mg·g− 1) and more phenolic (36.56 mg·g− 1) and flavonoids (13.10 mg·g− 1) as compared with the susceptible check Glandless-1. Moreover, all insect populations were positively correlated with total soluble sugars and proteins. Whitefly populations exhibited negative response to leaf gossypol glands, total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids. The thrips and jassid populations had a significant and negative correlation with these four biochemical HPR traits. Conclusion The identified resistant resources and HPR traits can be deployed against sucking insect pests’ complex in future breeding programs of developing insect resistant cotton varieties.

scholarly journals TOTAL CELL WALL AND FIBER CONCENTRATIONS OF PERENNIAL GLANDULAR-HAIRED AND EGLANDULAR Medicago POPULATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. LENSSEN ◽  
E. L. SORENSEN ◽  
G. L. POSLER ◽  
L. H. HARBERS
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Medicago Species

Host-plant resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is insufficient for control of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) or the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), two of the most important insect pests of alfalfa. Some wild Medicago species, which have erect glandular hairs, possess adequate host-plant resistance for control of both pests. We established a field trial (Wymore silty clay loam) in 1985 to determine the effects of erect glandular hairs on forage quality of several perennial Medicago species. Glandular and eglandular (without erect glandular hairs) plant populations were selected from the diploids, M. prostrata Jacq. and M. glandulosa David, and the tetraploids, M. glutinosa Bieb., M. sativa × M. glutinosa, and M. sativa × M. prostrata. Eglandular M. sativa ’Riley’ and M. sativa subsp. caerulea (Less, ex Ledeb.) Schmalh. were included as controls. Foliar diseases and insects were controlled. Leaves and stems were separated for three harvests in 1985 and one in 1986. The presence of erect glandular hairs did not significantly affect concentrations of neutral or acid detergent fibers, hemicellulose, lignin, or cellulose of leaves or stems within the species or hybrids tested. Neutral and acid detergent fibers and cellulose concentrations were generally lower in stems and higher in leaves of diploids than in corresponding parts of the tetraploid alfalfa cultivar Riley.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sp., glandular hairs, forage quality

Host plant resistance in grain crops and prospects for invertebrate pest management in Australia: an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gu ◽  
O. R. Edwards ◽  
A. T. Hardy ◽  
G. P. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

An integrated pest management (IPM) approach that relies on an array of tactics is adopted commonly in response to problems with pesticide-based production in many agricultural systems. Host plant resistance is often used as a fundamental component of an IPM system because of the generally compatible, complementary role that pest-resistant crops play with other tactics. Recent research and development in the resistance of legumes and cereals to aphids, sorghum midge resistance, and the resistance of canola varieties to mite and insect pests have shown the prospects of host plant resistance for developing IPM strategies against invertebrate pests in Australian grain crops. Furthermore, continuing advances in biotechnology provide the opportunity of using transgenic plants to enhance host plant resistance in grains.

Effects of integrating host plant resistance with time of planting or fungicides on anthracnose and grain mould and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in the Nigerian northern Guinea Savanna

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. MARLEY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna

Two field trials were conducted in the 1999 and 2000 cropping seasons to determine the effect of planting date and host plant resistance on grain mould and anthracnose, and host plant resistance with fungicides on anthracnose of sorghum in the Nigerian northern Guinea Savanna. Three sorghum varieties were used [SAMSORG 40 (ICSV 111), SAMSORG 4 (KSV 4) (both early maturing and susceptible to anthracnose) and SAMSORG 14 (KSV 8) (medium maturing and resistant to anthracnose)]. Results show that early planting in June and the first 2 weeks of July predisposed susceptible varieties to high level of anthracnose while planting in June predisposed SAMSORG 40 and SAMSORG 4 to high levels of grain mould but gave highest grain yield for the three varieties. The resistant variety SAMSORG 14 was resistant to both anthracnose and grain mould irrespective of planting date. Foliar application with benomyl controlled anthracnose and gave highest yields when combined with seed treatment using metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb (MCF). However, seed treatment alone with MCF did not control anthracnose.

Host plant resistance to insect pests of grain legumes -A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Soundararajan ◽  
N. Chitra ◽  
S. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Grain Legumes

Host plant resistance to insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.): achievements and future prospects

Euphytica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 213 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Togola ◽  
O. Boukar ◽  
N. Belko ◽  
S. K. Chamarthi ◽  
C. Fatokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Future Prospects

Presence of water-soluble materials on cotton terminals as related to bollwoxm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
H. L. Bhardwaj ◽  
J. B. Weaver ◽  
R. F. Severson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Plant Parts

Bollworms (Heliothis zea Boddie and H. virescens F.) are serious cotton pests. During 1980, the cotton crop in U.S.A. suffered an 8·73% loss due to insect pests; 3·07% of this loss was due to the damage caused by bollworms. This 8·73% loss in cotton production occurred despite control measures adopted by cotton growers at an average cost of $36.27 per acre (Anon. 1981). Four plant characteristics impart varying degrees of host-plant resistance against bollworms in cotton (Maxwell, 1977). The bollworm moths exhibit an oviposition nonpreference towards glabrous and nectarless cottons. Presence of high gossypol and ‘X-factors’ in plant parts detrimentally affects the growth and survival of bollworm larvae. The ‘X-factors’ are unknown chemical substances that impart host-plant resistance against bollworms in cotton. This resistance was shown to be heritable by Lukefahr et al. (1974).

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