Effects of integrating host plant resistance with time of planting or fungicides on anthracnose and grain mould and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in the Nigerian northern Guinea Savanna

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. MARLEY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna

Two field trials were conducted in the 1999 and 2000 cropping seasons to determine the effect of planting date and host plant resistance on grain mould and anthracnose, and host plant resistance with fungicides on anthracnose of sorghum in the Nigerian northern Guinea Savanna. Three sorghum varieties were used [SAMSORG 40 (ICSV 111), SAMSORG 4 (KSV 4) (both early maturing and susceptible to anthracnose) and SAMSORG 14 (KSV 8) (medium maturing and resistant to anthracnose)]. Results show that early planting in June and the first 2 weeks of July predisposed susceptible varieties to high level of anthracnose while planting in June predisposed SAMSORG 40 and SAMSORG 4 to high levels of grain mould but gave highest grain yield for the three varieties. The resistant variety SAMSORG 14 was resistant to both anthracnose and grain mould irrespective of planting date. Foliar application with benomyl controlled anthracnose and gave highest yields when combined with seed treatment using metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb (MCF). However, seed treatment alone with MCF did not control anthracnose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tactics for Management of Thrips-Vectored Tomato spotted wilt virus in Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Riley ◽  
H. R. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Two studies were conducted in Georgia during the spring of 1997 and 1998 to evaluate various management practices for reducing thrips and thrips-vectored Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato. Populations of the two species of thrips responsible for transmitting TSWV in tomato fields, Frankliniella occidentalis and F. fusca, were determined using blossom and sticky trap samples. Management practices evaluated were host plant resistance, insecticide treatments, planting date, and light-reflective mulch. In both years, intensive insecticide treatment had the largest effect in reducing thrips and spotted wilt and increasing marketable yield, compared with host plant resistance and reflective mulch. The effect of planting date was consistent in that the later planting date resulted in higher incidence of TSWV, lower thrips numbers, and lower tomato yields, both in fruit quality and dollar value. Host plant resistance and reflective mulch significantly reduced thrips and TSWV. In both years, early planting on black plastic with an intensive insecticide treatment resulted in the highest yield.

Evaluation of Tactics for Management of Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Grain Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2719-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J Haar ◽  
G David Buntin ◽  
Alana Jacobson ◽  
Adrian Pekarcik ◽  
M O Way ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Plant Injury

Abstract The invasive sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), is a devastating new pest of grain sorghum. Studies were conducted utilizing an integrated approach of four management tactics: planting date, insecticidal seed treatment, a foliar-applied insecticide, and plant resistance. Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Griffin, Tifton, and Plains Georgia, and in 2016 in Texas, Alabama, and Oklahoma, United States. Early planting was effective in reducing damage and increasing yields when compared to the late planting. Use of a resistant variety reduced cumulative aphid-days, plant injury and usually prevented significant yield loss. Foliar application of flupyradifurone when aphids reached an economic threshold, was an effective management tactic preventing aphid injury and yield loss. Use of clothianidin seed treatment also reduced aphid injury and yield loss of the susceptible hybrid but generally did not prevent injury and yield loss of the resistant hybrid. We conclude that an earlier planting date coupled with a resistant variety and judicious use of an efficacious foliar-applied insecticide can effectively manage sugarcane aphid on grain sorghum. An insecticide seed treatment also may be useful to reduce the risk of sugarcane aphid damage to seedlings of susceptible hybrids.

scholarly journals Potential for Integrated Management of Soybean Virus Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palle Pedersen ◽  
Craig Grau ◽  
Eileen Cullen ◽  
Nancy Koval ◽  
John H. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Soybean Aphid

The recent introduction of the colonizing soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) to soybean in the northern United States has raised concern for potential increased disease caused by the nonpersistently aphid-transmitted Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). This study was conducted to examine the potential integration of host plant resistance and insecticide tactics for control of virus disease. Research from four location-years demonstrated that foliar application of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) or the organophosphate chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E) timed to suppress soybean aphid populations does not reduce SMV. Therefore, the introduction of a colonizing aphid to the array of migratory noncolonizing aphids that transmit SMV does not result in potential for disease control through vector suppression by foliar insecticides. Treatment also did not result in management of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), transmitted by the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata), presumably because of issues related to different phenologies of the insect vectors. Soybean cultivars with the lowest virus titer in seed produced the highest grain yield and, thus, were rated as field tolerant compared with cultivars with the highest virus titer in seed. Host plant resistance, not vector control, is the most effective tactic to control SMV.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton germplasm for morphological and biochemical host plant resistance traits against sucking insect pests complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad RIZWAN ◽  
Saifullah ABRO ◽  
Muhammad Usman ASIF ◽  
Amjad HAMEED ◽  
Wajid MAHBOOB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Insect Resistant

Abstract Background Sucking insect pests cause severe damage to cotton crop production. The development of insect resistant cotton cultivars is one of the most effective measures in curtailing the yield losses. Considering the role of morphological and biochemical host plant resistance (HPR) traits in plant defense, 12 cotton genotypes/varieties were evaluated for leaf area, leaf glanding, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total phenolics, tannin and total flavonoids against fluctuating populations of whitefly, thrips and jassid under field conditions. Results The population of these insects fluctuated during the growing season and remained above threshold level (whitefly > 5, thrips > (8–10), or jassid > 1 per leaf) during late June and early July. Strong and negative association of whitefly (r = − 0.825) and jassid (r = − 0.929) with seed cotton yield was observed. Mean population of insects were the highest in Glandless-1 followed by NIA-82 and NIA-M30. NIAB-Kiran followed by NIAB-878 and Sadori were the most resistant, with the mean population of 1.41, 1.60, 1.66 (whitefly); 2.24, 2.32, 2.53 (thrips) and 0.37, 0.31, 0.36 (jassid), respectively. The resistant variety NIAB-Kiran showed less soluble sugars (8.54 mg·g− 1), soluble proteins (27.11 mg·g− 1) and more phenolic (36.56 mg·g− 1) and flavonoids (13.10 mg·g− 1) as compared with the susceptible check Glandless-1. Moreover, all insect populations were positively correlated with total soluble sugars and proteins. Whitefly populations exhibited negative response to leaf gossypol glands, total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids. The thrips and jassid populations had a significant and negative correlation with these four biochemical HPR traits. Conclusion The identified resistant resources and HPR traits can be deployed against sucking insect pests’ complex in future breeding programs of developing insect resistant cotton varieties.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

scholarly journals Comparative TMT Proteomic Analysis Unveils Unique Insights into Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Resistance in Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5941
Author(s):  
Abigail Ngugi-Dawit ◽  
Isaac Njaci ◽  
Thomas J.V. Higgins ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
Sita R. Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is an economically important legume playing a crucial role in the semi-arid tropics. Pigeonpea is susceptible to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which causes devastating yield losses. This pest is developing resistance to many commercially available insecticides. Therefore, crop wild relatives of pigeonpea, are being considered as potential sources of genes to expand the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea to improve traits such as host plant resistance to pests and pathogens. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted using the tandem mass tag platform to identify differentially abundant proteins between IBS 3471 and ICPL 87 tolerant accession and susceptible variety to H. armigera, respectively. Leaf proteome were analysed at the vegetative and flowering/podding growth stages. H. armigera tolerance in IBS 3471 appeared to be related to enhanced defence responses, such as changes in secondary metabolite precursors, antioxidants, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. The development of larvae fed on an artificial diet with IBS 3471 lyophilised leaves showed similar inhibition with those fed on an artificial diet with quercetin concentrations with 32 mg/25 g of artificial diet. DAB staining (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) revealed a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species in IBS 3471. We conclude that IBS 3471 is an ideal candidate for improving the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea, including traits for host plant resistance.

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