scholarly journals Effect of milk replacer allowance on calf faecal bacterial community profiles and fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
Emma Beijer ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Katherine K. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Background The nutrition of calves from birth until weaning is predominantly from liquid (milk or milk-based) feeds. Liquid feed allowances are often restricted during artificial rearing to accelerate the development of the rumen by promoting solid feed intake. Liquid feeds bypass the rumen and are digested in the lower digestive tract, however, the influence of different types of milk feeds, and their allowances, on the calf hindgut microbiota is not well understood. In this study, faecal samples from 199 calves raised on three different allowances of milk replacer: 10% of initial bodyweight (LA), 20% of initial bodyweight (HA), and ad libitum (ADLIB), were collected just prior to weaning. Bacterial community structures and fermentation products were analysed, and their relationships with calf growth and health parameters were examined to identify potential interactions between diet, gut microbiota and calf performance. Results Differences in the total concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were not observed, but higher milk replacer allowances increased the concentrations of branched short-chain fatty acids and decreased acetate to propionate ratios. The bacterial communities were dominated by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides, and the bacterial diversity of the ADLIB diet group was greater than that of the other diet groups. Faecalibacterium was over three times more abundant in the ADLIB compared to the LA group, and its abundance correlated strongly with girth and body weight gains. Milk replacer intake correlated strongly with Peptococcus and Blautia, which also correlated with body weight gain. Bifidobacterium averaged less than 1% abundance, however its levels, and those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, correlated strongly with initial serum protein levels, which are an indicator of colostrum intake and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in early life. Conclusions Higher milk replacer intakes in calves increased hindgut bacterial diversity and resulted in bacterial communities and short chain fatty acid profiles associated with greater protein fermentation. Increased abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, were also observed, which may contribute to development and growth. Moreover, correlations between microbial taxa and initial serum protein levels suggest that colostrum intake in the first days of life may influence microbiota composition at pre-weaning.

scholarly journals Regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by short-chain fatty acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia H Sukkar ◽  
Aaron M Lett ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Edward S Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Present Review

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota. High-fibre diets have been associated with lower weight gain and a number of reports have therefore investigated if these positive effects of a dietary fibre on body weight can be replicated through the direct administration of SCFAs. Many of these studies have reported that SCFAs can prevent or attenuate long-term body weight gain by increasing energy expenditure through increased lipid oxidation. The aim of the present review is to therefore evaluate the current evidence for an effect of SCFAs on whole-body energy expenditure and to assess the potential underlying mechanisms. The available data highlights that SCFAs can exert multiple effects at various organ and tissue sites that would cumulatively raise energy expenditure via a promotion of lipid oxidation. In conclusion, the present review proposes that dietary interventions and other therapies that augment gut-derived SCFAs and systemic availability may present an effective strategy to improve long-term energy balance and body weight management.

Short-chain fatty acids and acidic pH upregulate UT-B, GPR41, and GPR4 in rumen epithelial cells of goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. R283-R293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Lu ◽  
Hongbing Gui ◽  
Lei Yao ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Holger Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Currently, the mechanism(s) responsible for the regulation of urea transporter B (UT-B) expression levels in the epithelium of the rumen remain unclear. We hypothesized that rumen fermentation products affect ruminal UT-B expression. Therefore, the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, ammonia, and urea on mRNA and protein levels of UT-B were assayed in primary rumen epithelial cell cultures and in rumen epithelium obtained from intact goats. In vitro, SCFA and acidic pH were found to synergetically stimulate both mRNA and protein expression of UT-B, whereas NH4Cl decreased mRNA and protein levels of UT-B at pH 6.8. Treatment with urea increased both levels at pH 7.4. When goats received a diet rich in nitrogen (N) and nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC), their rumen epithelium had higher levels of UT-B, and the rumen contained higher concentrations of SCFA and NH3-N with a lower pH. An increase in plasma urea-N concentration was also observed compared with the plasma of the goats that received a diet low in N and NFC. In a second feeding trial, goats that received a NFC-rich, but isonitrogenous, diet had higher mRNA and protein levels of UT-B, and higher levels of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 41 and GPR4, in their rumen epithelium. The ruminal concentrations of SCFA and NH3-N also increased, while a lower pH was detected. In contrast, the serum urea-N concentrations remained unchanged. These data indicate that ruminal SCFA and pH are key factors, via GPR4 and GPR41, in the dietary regulation of UT-B expression, and they have priority over changes in plasma urea.

Fiber-rich foods affected gut bacterial community and short-chain fatty acids production in pig model

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Zhao ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Shiyu Tao ◽  
Gang Zhang ◽  
Junjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel E. Canfora ◽  
Johan W. Jocken ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Fiber Diet-Mediated Increases in Short Chain Fatty Acids Alleviate Western Diet Induced Metabolic Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1175-1175
Author(s):  
Medha Priyadarshini ◽  
Md Wasim Khan ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Jade Yeh ◽  
Barton Wicksteed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are gut microbial fermentation byproducts with suggested positive health effects, have emerged as a therapeutic modality against metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Alluringly, in vivo SCFA levels are easily modifiable by consumption of fermentable fibers (FF). Most rodent studies on dietary FF supplementation report terminal increased cecal/fecal SCFA levels but the time course of this increase remains elusive. Also, there is limited information on the effect of this sustained SCFA increase on physiology. Thus, we investigated dietary FF-dependent temporal increases in plasma SCFA levels and its metabolic effects on a western diet (WD) mouse model. Methods C57BL/6J male mice (age 10 weeks) were fed test diets for 8 weeks. In Phase I, to establish time-course of plasma SCFA increase, mice were fed the following isocaloric diets: control (low fat + 0% FF); WD; control + 20% FF, where FF was fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin (In), guar gum (GG) or pectin (Pec). In Phase II mice were fed a control diet, or a WD with or without 20% FOS, Pec or GG. End points were weekly plasma SCFAs (by MS/MS), body weight, random glucose and insulin, and at the end of experimental period body fat composition and metabolic tests. Results Phase I. Compared to control, WD lowered while FF induced significant increases in total plasma SCFAs (FOS, Pec, GG > In) in a time dependent manner that plateaued beyond 2 weeks. All FF increased propionate and acetate but not butyrate. Phase II. WD caused metabolic dysfunctions (increased body weight and fat mass; glucose intolerance; insulin resistance; P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA) that were alleviated in mice fed FF enriched WD (Pec = GG > FOS). Compared to WD, food intake was similar except high in the WD-Pec group, while WD-Pec and GG showed higher energy expenditure. All 3 plasma SCFAs were significantly higher in all WD-FF groups. FF supplementation of the control diet showed no significant difference compared to control. Conclusions We conclude that: 1) FF feeding induced SCFA production reaches saturation within 2 weeks, suggesting selection of specific gut bacterial features; and 2) all FFs were protective from weight gain and its metabolic consequences. Funding Sources 2R01 DK104927 (NIH/NIDDK) Layden.

Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Albert А Kurmangulov ◽  
Elena F Dorodneva ◽  
Irina A Troshina ◽  
Yulianna A Petrova ◽  
Tatyana I Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

BACKGROUND. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. AIMS. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 2–3 degrees of obesity (BMI≥35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. RESULTS. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p<0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p<0.01) and in their profile (p<0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p<0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p<0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p<0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

Assessment of the bacterial diversity of agave sap concentrate, resistance to in vitro gastrointestinal conditions and short-chain fatty acids production

2020 ◽  
pp. 109862
Author(s):  
Luis M. Figueroa ◽  
Aurea K. Ramírez-Jiménez ◽  
Carolina Senés-Guerrero ◽  
Arlette Santacruz ◽  
Adriana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert А. Kurmangulov ◽  
Elena F. Dorodneva ◽  
Irina A. Troshina ◽  
Yulianna A. Petrova ◽  
Tatyana I. Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Background. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. Aims. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. Materials and methods. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 23 degrees of obesity (BMI35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. Results. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p0.01) and in their profile (p0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p0.05). Conclusions. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

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