Review of assisted reproduction techniques, laws, and regulations in Muslim countries

Abstract Background Fourteen Muslim countries were explored for available national laws, regulations, and guidelines concerning assisted reproduction techniques (ART). These documents were studied with total consideration of the ethical and religious principles followed by Islamic religion. This study found different types of legal documents issued by legislatives authorities, ethical committees, or professional bodies. Documents reviewed are directly related to assisted reproduction techniques medical use, access, or research in the field of ART. Main body of the abstract Most of the studied documents showed various degrees of deficiencies concerning legal or ethical protections and considerations. Certain documents that were examined need to be updated or amended in order to follow the continuous medical progress. The research also showed certain difficulty of legislating in countries characterized by multiculturalism and different ethical and religious traits and beliefs. Recently, Muslim legislators have made many efforts. However, the spread of legal documents among the Muslim countries is partial in volume and nature. Short conclusion The comparison of the content with international documents shows us that most of assisted reproductions legal documents in use in the studied countries demonstrate numerous deficiencies in term of structure, nature, and the coverage of controversial subjects.

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The causes of infertility in women presenting to gynaecology clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe; a cross sectional study

Fertility Research and Practice ◽

10.1186/s40738-020-00093-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mugove G. Madziyire ◽

Thulani L. Magwali ◽

Vasco Chikwasha ◽

Tinovimba Mhlanga

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproduction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽

Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽

Public Facilities ◽

Tubal Blockage ◽

Private And Public

Abstract Background Infertility affects 48.5 million couples globally. It is defined clinically as failure to conceive after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The contribution of various aetiological factors to infertility differs per population. The causes of infertility have not been assessed in Zimbabwe. Our objectives were to determine the reproductive characteristics, causes and outcomes of women presenting for infertility care. Methods A retrospective and prospective study of women who had not conceived within a year of having unprotected intercourse presenting in private and public facilities in Harare was done. A diagnosis was made based on the history, examination and results whenever these were deemed sufficient. Data was analysed using STATA SE/15. A total of 216 women were recruited. Results Of the 216 women recruited, two thirds (144) of them had primary infertility. The overall period of infertility ranged from 1 to 21 years with an average of 5.6 ± 4.7 years whilst 98 (45.4%) of the couples had experienced 2–4 years of infertility and 94 (43.5%) had experience 5 or more years of infertility. About 1 in 5 of the women had irregular menstrual cycles with 10 of them having experienced amenorrhoea of at least 1 year. Almost half of the participants (49%) were overweight or obese. The most common cause for infertility was ‘unexplained’ in 22% of the women followed by tubal blockage in 20%, male factor in 19% and anovulation in 16%. Of the 49 (22.7%) women who conceived 21(9.7%) had a live birth while 23 (10.7%) had an ongoing pregnancy at the end of follow up. Thirty-seven (17.1%) had Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) in the form of Invitro-fertilisation/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) or Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI). Assisted Reproduction was significantly associated with conception. Conclusion Most women present when chances of natural spontaneous conception are considerably reduced. This study shows an almost equal contribution between tubal blockage, male factor and unexplained infertility. Almost half of the causes are female factors constituted by tubal blockage, anovulation and a mixture of the two. Improved access to ART will result in improved pregnancy rates. Programs should target comprehensive assessment of both partners and offer ART.

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Whole-Body Regeneration in Sponges: Diversity, Fine Mechanisms, and Future Prospects

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 506

Author(s):

Alexander Ereskovsky ◽

Ilya E. Borisenko ◽

Fyodor V. Bolshakov ◽

Andrey I. Lavrov

Keyword(s):

Single Species ◽

Whole Body ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Main Body ◽

Regenerative Processes ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Different Types ◽

Dissociated Cells ◽

Shed Light ◽

Regeneration Processes

While virtually all animals show certain abilities for regeneration after an injury, these abilities vary greatly among metazoans. Porifera (Sponges) is basal metazoans characterized by a wide variety of different regenerative processes, including whole-body regeneration (WBR). Considering phylogenetic position and unique body organization, sponges are highly promising models, as they can shed light on the origin and early evolution of regeneration in general and WBR in particular. The present review summarizes available data on the morphogenetic and cellular mechanisms accompanying different types of WBR in sponges. Sponges show a high diversity of WBR, which principally could be divided into (1) WBR from a body fragment and (2) WBR by aggregation of dissociated cells. Sponges belonging to different phylogenetic clades and even to different species and/or differing in the anatomical structure undergo different morphogeneses after similar operations. A common characteristic feature of WBR in sponges is the instability of the main body axis: a change of the organism polarity is described during all types of WBR. The cellular mechanisms of WBR are different across sponge classes, while cell dedifferentiations and transdifferentiations are involved in regeneration processes in all sponges. Data considering molecular regulation of WBR in sponges are extremely scarce. However, the possibility to achieve various types of WBR ensured by common morphogenetic and cellular basis in a single species makes sponges highly accessible for future comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of regeneration processes.

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Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Arisaema (Areaceae): a review

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00489-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heena Ali ◽

Ubaid Yaqoob

Keyword(s):

Skin Irritation ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Human Populations ◽

Main Body ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Medicinal Properties

Abstract Background The genus Arisaema (Areaceae), popularly known as cobra lilies and jack in pulpit is mainly found in temperate to tropical areas of all continents except South America, Europe and Australia and contain about more than 250 species. Arisaema genus is being used by the different folks of human populations for medicinal as well as food purposes. Arisaema plants are used for the treatment of different types of diseases. There have been several attempts to highlight different aspects of genus Arisaema by describing it in terms of phytochemistry and medicinal uses. The present study is, however, an attempt to put together all the former data available related to the phytochemistry and medicinal uses of genus Arisaema. Main body The phytochemicals of the plant include alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, lectins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, stigmasterols, n-alkanes, n-alkanols sitosterols, campesterol, oxalates, coumarins, tannins etc. Moreover, the properties such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, nematocidal, antiallergic antitumour and anticancer activities are also shown by the plants belonging to genus Arisaema. Arisaema plants have been traditionally used to treat various ailments such as resolving phlegm, dampness, and to treat asthma, bronchitis, cold, cough, and laryngitis etc. It has been found that there are several species which are toxic by nature. The development of clinical applications of arisaematis rhizomes had been seriously constrained due to its toxic properties like, mouth and lingua pain, even respiration slowing and suffocation, mucous membrane and skin irritation etc. and this toxicity of arisaematis rhizomes is due to raphide components. Conclusions The collection of data available on the phytochemistry of genus Arisaema is not sufficient as further work is required to do on phytochemical and medicinal basis. The data available on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the plants belonging to genus Arisaema throws light on various species of Arisaema which are medicinally important and have been exploited to treat different types of diseases in the world.

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Safety of Drugs Used in Assisted Reproduction Techniques

Drug Safety ◽

10.2165/00002018-200528060-00004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 513-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Talha Al-Shawaf ◽

Ariel Zosmer ◽

Martha Dirnfeld ◽

Gedis Grudzinskas

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproduction ◽

Assisted Reproduction Techniques

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Ensuring the rights of refugees in case of bringing administrative responsibility as a guarantee of realization of their legal status in Ukraine

Law and innovations ◽

10.37772/2518-1718-2021-3(35)-8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

Valeriia Golub

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Legal Status ◽

The State ◽

Main Body ◽

Legal Norms ◽

State Institutions ◽

Legal Documents ◽

Administrative Legislation ◽

Political Persecution ◽

Administrative Responsibility

Problem setting. One of the important factors that play a key role in the observance of human rights and freedoms, including such categories of foreign citizens and stateless persons as refugees in case of administrative prosecution - is the functioning of state institutions to guarantee these rights, the use of all. The decisive place in this problem belongs to the activities of the state of Ukraine, which in connection with the formation of social relations related to the stay of refugees on its territory, protection of this category of persons from political persecution , should ensure the adoption of relevant legal acts aimed primarily at the protection of rights and freedoms. administrative penalty. As a result, there are real risks of violating the rights and freedoms of the person to whom these penalties apply. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Problems of protection of rights and freedoms of refugees in case of bringing them to administrative responsibility were devoted to the work of such scientists as: V. Averyanov, O. Bandurka, O. Bezpalova, Yu. Bityak, O. Dzhafarova, A. Komzyuk, V. Komzyuk, D. Lukyanets, O. Muzychuk, D. Priymachenko, O.S. Pronevich ect. The purpose of the article is to investigate and analyze the importance of ensuring the rights of refugees in case of bringing them to administrative responsibility, to consider this issue as one of the guarantees of legal status of refugees in Ukraine. Article’s main body. The article considers the issue of observance of the rights and freedoms of this category of foreign citizens and stateless persons as refugees in case of committing offenses and bringing them to administrative responsibility. The issue of ensuring both international legal acts approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and legal documents on behalf of the state of Ukraine gives grounds to believe that in case of involvement of this category of persons (if they are in Ukraine legally) to administrative responsibility, they have the same rights as citizens of Ukraine. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the relevant provisions of the administrative legislation of Ukraine on the peculiarities of bringing foreign citizens and stateless persons, including refugees to administrative responsibility, are analyzed. The significance of the ratio of observance of the rights and freedoms of refugees in case of bringing to administrative responsibility and necessity of non-alternative fulfillment of requirements of legal norms of the current administrative legislation of Ukraine is determined.

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Analysing the Sway of Cash Instruments in the Indian Financial Market Context

International Journal of Management and Development Studies ◽

10.53983/ijmds.v10i06.371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (06) ◽

pp. 01-04

Author(s):

Bhumi Mehta

Keyword(s):

Financial Market ◽

Financial Instruments ◽

Financial Instrument ◽

Legal Documents ◽

Financial Innovations ◽

Monetary Value ◽

Financial Products ◽

Derivative Instruments ◽

Different Types ◽

Bill Of Exchange

There are basically four types of financial instruments viz. a bank deposit, a bill of exchange, a bond, and equity. As a result of a steady stream of financial innovations in today’s time, the market landscape is far less sparse-and far more complex to evaluate. Financial instruments are termed as the financial products which are tradable as packages of capital, each having their own unique characteristics and structure. The wide collection of financial instruments in today's marketplace allows for the efficient flow of capital amongst the world's investors. Financial instruments are legal documents that embody monetary value. There are a number of different types of documents that are properly identified as a financial instrument. There are different types of financial instrument, like cash instruments or derivative instruments.

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Reproductive aspects of the male jaguar (Panthera onca): A review

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v14i8.2070 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E. López-Pérez ◽

F. Cortés-Villavicencio ◽

C. Muñoz-García ◽

J. Gallegos-Sánchez ◽

Alejandro Ávalos-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Assisted Reproduction ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Leopardus Pardalis ◽

Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽

Vitro Fertilization

Objective: To describe the anatomy, morphology and physiology of the reproductive system of male jaguars, as well as assisted reproduction techniques. Methodology: A literature review on the anatomy and morphology of the jaguar´s reproductive system, its physiological characteristics and assisted reproduction techniques were carried out to document relevant information on the topic. Results: With this review, basic aspects of the morphology of the reproductive system of the jaguars are disclosed, although scarce knowledge is available on their reproduction. The advances in the collection, evaluation and cryopreservation of semen of this feline are shown, in addition to assisted reproduction techniques such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, which have a great potential to safeguard the species. Study limitations: The jaguar, an emblematic species of Latinamerica, is an endangered species, like other wild felids species as ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and margay (Leopardus wiedii), which makes it necessary to have a national assisted reproduction program. However, for this to be possible, information about their reproductive physiology is necessary, which is complicated in wild animals and even more so because the reproductive mechanisms greatly differ between felids species. There is scarce information in this regard from its free-living or Mexican zoos, it is for this reason necessary to generate such information. Conclusions: It is necessary to continue working on designing protocols for artificial insemination and other assisted reproduction techniques such as in-vitro fertilization specifically for male Panthera onca.

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