scholarly journals GROUND ROLL COUPLING TO ATMOSPHERIC COMPRESSIONAL WAVES

Geophysics ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Press ◽  
Maurice Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Compressional Waves ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Ground Roll ◽  
Theoretical Results

A theoretical treatment of ground roll originating from air shots and hole shots is given. It is shown that coupling of ground roll to compressional waves in the atmosphere exists for both air shots and hole shots. Experimental data obtained in the field are in excellent agreement with the theoretical results; namely, that the effective coupling exists for surface waves whose phase velocity is equal to the speed of sound in air. In regions where Rayleigh wave velocities vary with period due to layering in such a way that they are less than the speed of sound in air for short periods and exceed this value for longer periods, this coupling gives rise to a unique surface wave pattern on seismic records. It is shown that body wave and surface wave character is almost independent of charge elevation in the range from 0 (on the ground) to 30 feet. In a reciprocal manner ground roll from hole shots was recorded with air microphones as predicted by the theory.

scholarly journals Interferometric surface-wave isolation and removal

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. A69-A73 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Halliday ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Johan O. A. Robertsson ◽  
Dirk-Jan van Manen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Interferometry ◽  
Wave Component ◽  
Ground Roll

The removal of surface waves (ground roll) from land seismic data is critical in seismic processing because these waves tend to mask informative body-wave arrivals. Removal becomes difficult when surface waves are scattered, and data quality is often impaired. We apply a method of seismic interferometry, using both sources and receivers at the surface, to estimate the surface-wave component of the Green’s function between any two points. These estimates are subtracted adaptively from seismic survey data, providing a new method of ground-roll removal that is not limited to nonscattering regions.

scholarly journals Imaging the subsurface using induced seismicity and ambient noise: 3-D tomographic Monte Carlo joint inversion of earthquake body wave traveltimes and surface wave dispersion

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 1639-1655
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Corinna Roy ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Andy Nowacki ◽  
Brian Baptie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Wave Data

SUMMARY Seismic body wave traveltime tomography and surface wave dispersion tomography have been used widely to characterize earthquakes and to study the subsurface structure of the Earth. Since these types of problem are often significantly non-linear and have non-unique solutions, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods have been used to find probabilistic solutions. Body and surface wave data are usually inverted separately to produce independent velocity models. However, body wave tomography is generally sensitive to structure around the subvolume in which earthquakes occur and produces limited resolution in the shallower Earth, whereas surface wave tomography is often sensitive to shallower structure. To better estimate subsurface properties, we therefore jointly invert for the seismic velocity structure and earthquake locations using body and surface wave data simultaneously. We apply the new joint inversion method to a mining site in the United Kingdom at which induced seismicity occurred and was recorded on a small local network of stations, and where ambient noise recordings are available from the same stations. The ambient noise is processed to obtain inter-receiver surface wave dispersion measurements which are inverted jointly with body wave arrival times from local earthquakes. The results show that by using both types of data, the earthquake source parameters and the velocity structure can be better constrained than in independent inversions. To further understand and interpret the results, we conduct synthetic tests to compare the results from body wave inversion and joint inversion. The results show that trade-offs between source parameters and velocities appear to bias results if only body wave data are used, but this issue is largely resolved by using the joint inversion method. Thus the use of ambient seismic noise and our fully non-linear inversion provides a valuable, improved method to image the subsurface velocity and seismicity.

Guided Surface Waves on an Elastic Half Space

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Surface Wave ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Normal Displacement ◽  
Rigid Barrier ◽  
Wave Disturbances

Three-dimensional wave propagation in an elastic half space is considered. The half space is traction free on half its boundary, while the remaining part of the boundary is free of shear traction and is constrained against normal displacement by a smooth, rigid barrier. A time-harmonic surface wave, traveling on the traction free part of the surface, is obliquely incident on the edge of the barrier. The amplitude and the phase of the resulting reflected surface wave are determined by means of Laplace transform methods and the Wiener-Hopf technique. Wave propagation in an elastic half space in contact with two rigid, smooth barriers is then considered. The barriers are arranged so that a strip on the surface of uniform width is traction free, which forms a wave guide for surface waves. Results of the surface wave reflection problem are then used to geometrically construct dispersion relations for the propagation of unattenuated guided surface waves in the guiding structure. The rate of decay of body wave disturbances, localized near the edges of the guide, is discussed.

Surface wave attenuation of seismic records with the co-core trace transform filter

Geophysics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. V115-V128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Baojun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Trace Transform

To remove surface waves from seismic records while preserving other seismic events of interest, we introduced a transform and a filter based on recent developments in image processing. The transform can be seen as a weighted Radon transform, in particular along linear trajectories. The weights in the transform are data dependent and designed to introduce large amplitude differences between surface waves and other events such that surface waves could be separated by a simple amplitude threshold. This is a key property of the filter and distinguishes this approach from others, such as conventional ones that use information on moveout ranges to apply a mask in the transform domain. Initial experiments with synthetic records and field data have demonstrated that, with the appropriate parameters, the proposed trace transform filter performs better both in terms of surface wave attenuation and reflected signal preservation than the conventional methods. Further experiments on larger data sets are needed to fully assess the method.

Focal mechanism and source depth of earthquakes from body- and surface-wave data

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezihi Canitez ◽  
M. Nafi Toksöz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectral Ratios ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Surface Wave Data

abstract The determination of focal depth and other source parameters by the use of first-motion data and surface-wave spectra is investigated. It is shown that the spectral ratio of Love to Rayleigh waves (L/R) is sensitive to all source parameters. The azimuthal variation of the L/R spectral ratios can be used to check the fault-plane solution as well as for focal depth determinations. Medium response, attenuation, and source finiteness seriously affect the absolute spectra and introduce uncertainty into the focal depth determinations. These effects are nearly canceled out when L/R amplitude ratios are used. Thus, the preferred procedure for source mechanism studies of shallow earthquakes is to use jointly the body-wave data, absolute spectra of surface waves, and the Love/Rayleigh spectral ratios. With this procedure, focal depths can be determined to an accuracy of a few kilometers.

Effects of centroid location on determination of earthquake mechanisms using long-period surface waves

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1231
Author(s):  
Jiajun Zhang ◽  
Thorne Lay
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Rayleigh Waves ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Source Location ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Nodal Plane ◽  
Wave Source ◽  
Long Period

Abstract Determination of shallow earthquake source mechanisms by inversion of long-period (150 to 300 sec) Rayleigh waves requires epicentral locations with greater accuracy than that provided by routine source locations of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) and International Seismological Centre (ISC). The effects of epicentral mislocation on such inversions are examined using synthetic calculations as well as actual data for three large Mexican earthquakes. For Rayleigh waves of 150-sec period, an epicentral mislocation of 30 km introduces observed source spectra phase errors of 0.6 radian for stations at opposing azimuths along the source mislocation vector. This is larger than the 0.5-radian azimuthal variation of the phase spectra at the same period for a thrust fault with 15° dip and 24-km depth. The typical landward mislocation of routinely determined epicenters of shallow subduction zone earthquakes causes source moment tensor inversions of long-period Rayleigh waves to predict larger fault dip than indicated by teleseismic P-wave first-motion data. For dip-slip earthquakes, inversions of long-period Rayleigh waves that use an erroneous source location in the down-dip or along-strike directions of a nodal plane, overestimate the strike, dip, and slip of that nodal plane. Inversions of strike-slip earthquakes that utilize an erroneous location along the strike of a nodal plane overestimate the slip of that nodal plane, causing the second nodal plane to dip incorrectly in the direction opposite to the mislocation vector. The effects of epicentral mislocation for earthquakes with 45° dip-slip fault mechanisms are more severe than for events with other fault mechanisms. Existing earth model propagation corrections do not appear to be sufficiently accurate to routinely determine the optimal surface-wave source location without constraints from body-wave information, unless extensive direct path (R1) data are available or empirical path calibrations are performed. However, independent surface-wave and body-wave solutions can be remarkably consistent when the effects of epicentral mislocation are accounted for. This will allow simultaneous unconstrained body-wave and surface-wave inversions to be performed despite the well known difficulties of extracting the complete moment tensor of shallow sources from fundamental modes.

Effects of thin soft layers on body waves

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071-2078
Author(s):  
Tom Landers ◽  
Jon F. Claerbout
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Soft Material ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Surface Wave Data

abstract The inability of simple layered models to fit both Rayleigh wave and Love wave data has led to the proposal of an upper mantle interleaved with thin soft horizontal layers. Since surface-wave dispersion is not sensitive to the distribution of soft material but only to the fraction of soft material a variety of models is possible. The solution to this indeterminancy is found through body-wave analysis. It is shown that body waves are dispersed according to the thinness and softness of the layers. Three models, each of which satisfy all surface-wave data, are examined. Transmission seismograms calculated for these models show one to be impossible, one improbable and the other possible. Synthesis of the seismograms is accomplished through the use of time domain theory as the complicated frequency response of the models makes a frequency oriented Haskell-Thompson approach impractical.

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