Limitations of the long‐wavelength components of the North American magnetic anomaly map

Geophysics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arkani‐Hamed ◽  
W. J. Hinze
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
North American ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Data ◽  
Crustal Magnetization ◽  
Anomaly Map ◽  
Lateral Variations

The magnetic anomaly map of North America and its related data set provide the opportunity not only to view the obvious short‐wavelength anomalies (<300 km) in a continental context, but to isolate and analyze the longer wavelength anomalies. However, care must be used in analyzing the longer wavelengths because of the effects of noncrustal sources on these anomalies. Inversion of the anomalies into lateral variations of crustal magnetization suggests that the long‐wavelength anomalies (>2600 km) are strongly affected by core field components that have not been completely removed from the North American data set. Furthermore, the piecewise matching of the magnetic anomalies of adjacent survey areas in the map compilation has contaminated the intermediate wavelength anomalies (300–2600 km).

U.S. National Magnetic Anomaly Survey Specifications Workshop Report

Geophysics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-992
Author(s):  
William J. Hinze
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
North American ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Aeromagnetic Data ◽  
Workshop Report ◽  
The North ◽  
Anomaly Map ◽  
The U.S

The National Magnetic Anomaly Map (NMAM) Committee, which was formed as an ad hoc committee in 1975 by the SEG Executive Committee, has recommended a multistage program for improving the aeromagnetic data of the U.S. On behalf of the geoscience community, the committee and the U.S. Geological Survey are currently engaged in the preparation of a photo‐composite map of the U.S. derived from publicly available data plus regional magnetic data contributed from the private sector. This map is at present being compiled and is to be pulished by the U.S.G.S. at a scale of [Formula: see text]. Eventually, utilizing this map, the committee plans to assist in the preparation of a North American magnetic anomaly map to supplement the North American tectonic map and the proposed continental gravity anomaly map.

North American Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Workshops

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1611-1617
Author(s):  
W. J. Hinze ◽  
N. W. O’Hara ◽  
M. S. Reford ◽  
J. G. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrain Effects ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
Anomaly Map ◽  
Map Series ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic Anomaly

The North American Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Map Workshops, realizing the importance of regional gravity and magnetic anomalies to investigating the structure and composition of the earth, enthusiastically support the preparation of North American gravity and magnetic anomaly maps. Sufficient magnetic and gravity anomaly data are available over the North American continent, the Caribbean, and adjacent marine areas to produce geologically meaningful maps. These maps will be published within the decade at a scale of 1:5 million on the same map base being used by a variety of organizations to produce other geologic/geochemical/geophysical maps in cooperation with the Geological Society of America’s Centennial Map Series. The anomaly maps will be published in color with transparent overlays also available. The gravity anomaly map will be contoured at a 10 mgal interval using Bouguer anomalies onshore corrected wherever possible and necessary for terrain effects and free‐air anomalies offshore. Existing or soon to be completed magnetic and gravity anomaly maps of Canada, the U.S., and Mexico will provide the nuclei for preparing the North American maps. Programs for producing these maps in a timely manner are organized based upon a series of committees and the cooperation of agencies of the involved North American nations.

scholarly journals On the competition among aerosol number, size and composition in predicting CCN variability: a multi-annual field study in an urbanized desert

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 6943-6958 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Crosbie ◽  
J.-S. Youn ◽  
B. Balch ◽  
A. Wonaschütz ◽  
T. Shingler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Concentration Changes

Abstract. A 2-year data set of measured CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentrations at 0.2 % supersaturation is combined with aerosol size distribution and aerosol composition data to probe the effects of aerosol number concentrations, size distribution and composition on CCN patterns. Data were collected over a period of 2 years (2012–2014) in central Tucson, Arizona: a significant urban area surrounded by a sparsely populated desert. Average CCN concentrations are typically lowest in spring (233 cm−3), highest in winter (430 cm−3) and have a secondary peak during the North American monsoon season (July to September; 372 cm−3). There is significant variability outside of seasonal patterns, with extreme concentrations (1 and 99 % levels) ranging from 56 to 1945 cm−3 as measured during the winter, the season with highest variability. Modeled CCN concentrations based on fixed chemical composition achieve better closure in winter, with size and number alone able to predict 82 % of the variance in CCN concentration. Changes in aerosol chemical composition are typically aligned with changes in size and aerosol number, such that hygroscopicity can be parameterized even though it is still variable. In summer, models based on fixed chemical composition explain at best only 41 % (pre-monsoon) and 36 % (monsoon) of the variance. This is attributed to the effects of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production, the competition between new particle formation and condensational growth, the complex interaction of meteorology, regional and local emissions and multi-phase chemistry during the North American monsoon. Chemical composition is found to be an important factor for improving predictability in spring and on longer timescales in winter. Parameterized models typically exhibit improved predictive skill when there are strong relationships between CCN concentrations and the prevailing meteorology and dominant aerosol physicochemical processes, suggesting that similar findings could be possible in other locations with comparable climates and geography.

scholarly journals Geologic database for digital geology of California, Nevada, and Utah: an application of the North American Data Model

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bedford ◽  
Steve Ludington ◽  
Constance M. Nutt ◽  
Paul A. Stone ◽  
David M. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Data Model ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Data

Evolutionary relationships in Oxytropis species, as estimated from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences point to multiple expansions into the Arctic

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Archambault ◽  
Martina V. Strömvik
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic

Species of the genus Oxytropis are distributed in the northern hemisphere, especially in alpine and arctic areas. Although comprehensive taxonomic treatments exist for local floras, an understanding of the evolutionary relationships is lacking for the genus as a whole. To determine if different ancestral Oxytropis species colonized the North American Arctic separately, as suggested by taxonomy, we sequenced the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from 16 Oxytropis specimens, including four species that were used in a previous transcriptome study. In addition, 81 other Oxytropis ITS sequences were retrieved from public sequence databases and included in the analysis. The whole data set was analyzed using phylogenetic trees and statistical parsimony networks. Results show that all Oxytropis ITS sequences are very similar. Furthermore, at least six lineages evolved from different temperate ancestors to colonize the North American Arctic. This pattern is believed to be typical of the arctic flora. Additionally, the sequence relationship analyses confirm that the subgenus Phacoxytropis may be ancestral in Oxytropis.

scholarly journals Range Expansion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe Is Promoted by Climate Change

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cunze ◽  
Marion Carmen Leiblein ◽  
Oliver Tackenberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Data

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., native to North America, is a problematic invasive species, because of its highly allergenic pollen. The species is expected to expand its range due to climate change. By means of ecological niche modelling (ENM), we predict habitat suitability for A. artemisiifolia in Europe under current and future climatic conditions. Overall, we compared the performance and results of 16 algorithms commonly applied in ENM. As occurrence records of invasive species may be dominated by sampling bias, we also used data from the native range. To assess the quality of the modelling approaches we assembled a new map of current occurrences of A. artemisiifolia in Europe. Our results show that ENM yields a good estimation of the potential range of A. artemisiifolia in Europe only when using the North American data. A strong sampling bias in the European Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data for A. artemisiifolia causes unrealistic results. Using the North American data reflects the realized European distribution very well. All models predict an enlargement and a northwards shift of potential range in Central and Northern Europe during the next decades. Climate warming will lead to an increase and northwards shift of A. artemisiifolia in Europe.

Optimization of the decision-making process for the selection of therapeutics to undergo clinical testing for spinal cord injury in the North American Clinical Trials Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Guest ◽  
James S. Harrop ◽  
Bizhan Aarabi ◽  
Robert G. Grossman ◽  
James W. Fawcett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
North American ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Cord Injury

The North American Clinical Trials Network (NACTN) includes 9 clinical centers funded by the US Department of Defense and the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation. Its purpose is to accelerate clinical testing of promising therapeutics in spinal cord injury (SCI) through the development of a robust interactive infrastructure. This structure includes key committees that serve to provide longitudinal guidance to the Network. These committees include the Executive, Data Management, and Neurological Outcome Assessments Committees, and the Therapeutic Selection Committee (TSC), which is the subject of this manuscript. The NACTN brings unique elements to the SCI field. The Network's stability is not restricted to a single clinical trial. Network members have diverse expertise and include experts in clinical care, clinical trial design and methodology, pharmacology, preclinical and clinical research, and advanced rehabilitation techniques. Frequent systematic communication is assigned a high value, as is democratic process, fairness and efficiency of decision making, and resource allocation. This article focuses on how decision making occurs within the TSC to rank alternative therapeutics according to 2 main variables: quality of the preclinical data set, and fit with the Network's aims and capabilities. This selection process is important because if the Network's resources are committed to a therapeutic, alternatives cannot be pursued. A proposed methodology includes a multicriteria decision analysis that uses a Multi-Attribute Global Inference of Quality matrix to quantify the process. To rank therapeutics, the TSC uses a series of consensus steps designed to reduce individual and group bias and limit subjectivity. Given the difficulties encountered by industry in completing clinical trials in SCI, stable collaborative not-for-profit consortia, such as the NACTN, may be essential to clinical progress in SCI. The evolution of the NACTN also offers substantial opportunity to refine decision making and group dynamics. Making the best possible decisions concerning therapeutics selection for trial testing is a cornerstone of the Network's function.

NAC 2 H: The North American Climate Change and Hydroclimatology Data Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Arsenault ◽  
François Brissette ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
Gabrielle Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Climate

Crustal magnetization variations across the Iapetus Suture Zone

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kimbell ◽  
P. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Suture Zone ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
The North ◽  
Anomaly Pattern ◽  
Magnetic Basement ◽  
Crustal Magnetization ◽  
Structural Levels

AbstractThe Iapetus Suture (Solway) line coincides with a magnetic low, which lies between magnetic highs over southwestern Scotland and the Lake District-Isle of Man region. Although topography on deep magnetic basement can account for these long wavelength geophysical variations, an explanation which involves lateral basement magnetization contrasts is preferred on the basis of (a) correlations between inferred magnetization boundaries and major structures delineated from other evidence, and (b) the apparent westward continuation of the Solway low through Ireland and Newfoundland across areas with very different subsidence histories but similar position with respect to the collision of Laurentia and Avalonia. In the preferred model, relatively magnetic continental crust beneath the Southern Uplands and Lake District terranes is separated by a zone of less magnetic crust interpreted as sedimentary rock of Avalonian affinity carried to deeper structural levels within the Iapetus Suture Zone. The magnetic unit beneath the Southern Uplands is bounded to the south by the northward-dipping Iapetus Suture and to the north by a structure which may have been reactivated in late Caledonian times to produce the Moniaive Shear Zone in the overlying rocks; this unit may represent the ‘missing’ arc terrane inferred from provenance studies. Alternatively, the two magnetic basement domains may have originally been part of the same terrane, with that portion beneath the Southern Uplands rifting from the Avalonian continent during its northwards drift and being subsequently trapped in the hanging wall of the Iapetus Suture. The southern margin of the Lake District domain appears as a discontinuity in the magnetic anomaly pattern, with long wavelength anomalies to the south having a southeast ‘Tornquist’ trend.

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