Time-lapse transient electromagnetic monitoring of a water infiltration experiment: An application to the Central Avra Valley recharge basin, Tucson, Arizona

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Swidinsky ◽  
Hesham El-Kaliouby
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Recharge Basin ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Electromagnetic Monitoring ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

scholarly journals Time-Lapse Seismic and Electrical Monitoring of the Vadose Zone during a Controlled Infiltration Experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory, France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Lara Blazevic ◽  
Ludovic Bodet ◽  
Sylvain Pasquet ◽  
Niklas Linde ◽  
Damien Jougnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Time ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

The vadose zone is the main host of surface and subsurface water exchange and has important implications for ecosystems functioning, climate sciences, geotechnical engineering, and water availability issues. Geophysics provides a means for investigating the subsurface in a non-invasive way and at larger spatial scales than conventional hydrological sensors. Time-lapse hydrogeophysical applications are especially useful for monitoring flow and water content dynamics. Largely dominated by electrical and electromagnetic methods, such applications increasingly rely on seismic methods as a complementary approach to describe the structure and behavior of the vadose zone. To further explore the applicability of active seismics to retrieve quantitative information about dynamic processes in near-surface time-lapse settings, we designed a controlled water infiltration experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory (France) during which successive periods of infiltration were followed by surface-based seismic and electrical resistivity acquisitions. Water content was monitored throughout the experiment by means of sensors at different depths to relate the derived seismic and electrical properties to water saturation changes. We observe comparable trends in the electrical and seismic responses during the experiment, highlighting the utility of the seismic method to monitor hydrological processes and unsaturated flow. Moreover, petrophysical relationships seem promising in providing quantitative results.

Determining optimum wave velocity from sparse CMP automatically by coupling POCS interpolation and NMO correction: application to array antenna GPR data collected during in-situ infiltration test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Oikawa ◽  
Hirotaka Saito ◽  
Seiichiro Kuroda ◽  
Kazunori Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Convex Sets ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Velocity Analysis ◽  
Nmo Correction ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

<p>As an array antenna ground penetrating radar (GPR) system electronically switches any antenna combinations sequentially in milliseconds, multi-offset gather data, such as common mid-point (CMP) data, can be acquired almost seamlessly. However, due to the inflexibility of changing the antenna offset, only a limited number of scans can be obtained. The array GPR system has been used to collect time-lapse GPR data, including CMP data during the field infiltration experiment (Iwasaki et al., 2016). CMP data obtained by the array GPR are, however, too sparse to obtain reliable velocity using a standard velocity analysis, such as semblance analysis. We attempted to interpolate the sparse CMP data based on projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm (Yi et al., 2016) coupled with NMO correction to automatically determine optimum EM wave velocity. Our previous numerical study showed that the proposed method allows us to determine the EM wave velocity during the infiltration experiment.</p><p>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the proposed method to interpolate sparse array antenna GPR CMP data collected during the in-situ infiltration experiment at Tottori sand dunes. The interpolated CMP data were then used in the semblance analysis to determine the EM wave velocity, which was further used to compute the infiltration front depth. The estimated infiltration depths agreed well with independently obtained depths. This study demonstrated the possibility of developing an automatic velocity analysis based on POCS interpolation coupled with NMO correction for sparse CMP collected with array antenna GPR.</p>

scholarly journals Quantifying aquifer properties and freshwater resource in coastal barriers: a hydrogeophysical approach applied at Sasihithlu (Karnataka state, India)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4387-4400 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Vouillamoz ◽  
J. Hoareau ◽  
M. Grammare ◽  
D. Caron ◽  
L. Nandagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Western India ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Aquifer Properties ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Abstract. Many human communities living in coastal areas in Africa and Asia rely on thin freshwater lenses for their domestic supply. Population growth together with change in rainfall patterns and sea level will probably impact these vulnerable groundwater resources. Spatial knowledge of the aquifer properties and creation of a groundwater model are required for achieving a sustainable management of the resource. This paper presents a ready-to-use methodology for estimating the key aquifer properties and the freshwater resource based on the joint use of two non-invasive geophysical tools together with common hydrological measurements. We applied the proposed methodology in an unconfined aquifer of a coastal sandy barrier in South-Western India. We jointly used magnetic resonance and transient electromagnetic soundings and we monitored rainfall, groundwater level and groundwater electrical conductivity. The combined interpretation of geophysical and hydrological results allowed estimating the aquifer properties and mapping the freshwater lens. Depending on the location and season, we estimate the freshwater reserve to range between 400 and 700 L m−2 of surface area (± 50%). We also estimate the recharge using time lapse geophysical measurements with hydrological monitoring. After a rainy event close to 100% of the rain is reaching the water table, but the net recharge at the end of the monsoon is less than 10% of the rain. Thus, we conclude that a change in rainfall patterns will probably not impact the groundwater resource since most of the rain water recharging the aquifer is flowing towards the sea and the river. However, a change in sea level will impact both the groundwater reserve and net recharge.

scholarly journals Modelling time-lapse shear-wave velocity changes in an unsaturated soil embankment due to water infiltration and drainage

First Break ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Suzaki ◽  
Shohei Minato ◽  
Ranajit Ghose ◽  
Chisato Konishi ◽  
Naoki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Velocity Changes

Ground-penetrating radar surveys for the detection of preferential flow into soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Di Prima ◽  
Thierry Winiarski ◽  
Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo ◽  
Ryan D. Stewart ◽  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Preferential Flows

<p>Preferential flow is more the rule than the exception, in particular during water infiltration experiments. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of GPR monitoring to detect preferential flows during water infiltration. We monitored time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in the vicinity of single-ring infiltration experiments and created a three-dimensional (3D) representation of infiltrated water below the devices. For that purpose, radargrams were constructed from GPR transects conducted over two grids (1 m × 1 m) before and after the infiltration tests. The obtained signal was represented in 3D and a threshold was chosen to part the domain into wetted and non-wetted zones, allowing the determination of the infiltration bulb. That methodology was used to detect the infiltration below the devices and clearly pointed at nonuniform flows in correspondence with the heterogeneous soil structures. The protocol presented in this study represents a practical and valuable tool for detecting preferential flows at the scale of a single ring infiltration experiment.</p>

scholarly journals Estimating infiltration front depth using time-lapse multioffset gathers obtained from ground-penetrating-radar antenna array

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Saito ◽  
Seiichiro Kuroda ◽  
Toshiki Iwasaki ◽  
Jacopo Sala ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

Non-destructive and non-invasive visualization and quantification of dynamic subsurface hydrological processes are needed. Using a ground penetrating radar (GPR) antenna array, time-lapse common-offset gather (COG) and common mid-point (CMP) data can be collected by fixing the antenna at a given location when scanning subsurface. This study aims to determine wetting front depths continuously during a field infiltration experiment by estimating electromagnetic (EM) wave velocities at given elapsed times using ground penetrating radar (GPR) antenna array data. A surface GPR antenna array system, consisting of 10 transmitters (Tx) and 11 receivers (Rx), that can scan each Tx-Rx combination in 10 s at a millisecond scale was used to acquire all 110 Rx-Tx combinations in approximately 1.5 s. The field infiltration experiment was conducted at an experimental field near the Tottori Sand Dunes in Japan. Using the estimated EM wave velocity from the CMP data, the depth to the wetting front was computed every minute. The estimated wetting front arrival time agreed with the time at which a sudden increase in the moisture sensor output was observed at a depth from 20 cm and below. This study demonstrated that time-lapsed CMP data collected with the GPR antenna array system could be used to estimate EM wave velocities continuously during the infiltration. The GPR antenna array was capable of accurate and quantitative tracking of the wetting front.

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