scholarly journals Quantifying aquifer properties and freshwater resource in coastal barriers: a hydrogeophysical approach applied at Sasihithlu (Karnataka state, India)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4387-4400 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Vouillamoz ◽  
J. Hoareau ◽  
M. Grammare ◽  
D. Caron ◽  
L. Nandagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Western India ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Aquifer Properties ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Abstract. Many human communities living in coastal areas in Africa and Asia rely on thin freshwater lenses for their domestic supply. Population growth together with change in rainfall patterns and sea level will probably impact these vulnerable groundwater resources. Spatial knowledge of the aquifer properties and creation of a groundwater model are required for achieving a sustainable management of the resource. This paper presents a ready-to-use methodology for estimating the key aquifer properties and the freshwater resource based on the joint use of two non-invasive geophysical tools together with common hydrological measurements. We applied the proposed methodology in an unconfined aquifer of a coastal sandy barrier in South-Western India. We jointly used magnetic resonance and transient electromagnetic soundings and we monitored rainfall, groundwater level and groundwater electrical conductivity. The combined interpretation of geophysical and hydrological results allowed estimating the aquifer properties and mapping the freshwater lens. Depending on the location and season, we estimate the freshwater reserve to range between 400 and 700 L m−2 of surface area (± 50%). We also estimate the recharge using time lapse geophysical measurements with hydrological monitoring. After a rainy event close to 100% of the rain is reaching the water table, but the net recharge at the end of the monsoon is less than 10% of the rain. Thus, we conclude that a change in rainfall patterns will probably not impact the groundwater resource since most of the rain water recharging the aquifer is flowing towards the sea and the river. However, a change in sea level will impact both the groundwater reserve and net recharge.

scholarly journals Quantifying freshwater resource in coastal barriers: the joint use of transient electromagnetic and magnetic resonance soundings

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 5261-5294
Author(s):  
J.-M. Vouillamoz ◽  
J. Hoareau ◽  
M. Grammare ◽  
D. Caron ◽  
L. Nandagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Western India ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Aquifer Properties ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Abstract. Many human communities living in coastal areas in Africa and Asia rely on thin fresh water lenses for their domestic supply. Population growth together with change in rainfall patterns and sea level will probably impact these vulnerable groundwater resources. A spatial knowledge of the aquifer properties and the use of groundwater model are required for the sustainable management of the resource. This paper presents a ready-to-use methodology for estimating the key aquifer properties based on the joint use of two non-invasive geophysical tools together with common hydrological measurements. We applied the proposed methodology on a coastal sandy barrier in South-Western India. We found that the joint use of magnetic resonance and transient electromagnetic soundings allows to map the fresh water lens and to estimate the specific yield, the hydraulic conductivity, the water salinity and the water table recharge. From the geophysical results, we estimate the fresh water reserve to range between 400 and 700 l m−2 of surface area according to the location and to the season. Using time lapse geophysical measurements and common groundwater monitoring, we also estimate the recharge of a rainy event to be about 100% of the rain, and the net recharge at the end of the monsoon to be less than 10% of the rain. Thus, we conclude that a change in rainfall patterns will probably not impact the groundwater resource since most of the rain water recharging the aquifer is flowing towards the sea and the river. However, a change in sea level will impact both the groundwater reserve and net recharge.

Feasibility of Monitoring Hydraulic Connections between Aquifers Using Time-lapse TEM: A Case History in Inner Mongolia, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Kang Chen ◽  
Junyan Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Xue ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
Weiying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Pumping Tests ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Aquifer Properties ◽  
Hydrogeological Data

Hydraulic connections between aquifers is usually studied through hydrochemical analysis or by pumping tests. However, hydrochemical analyses are usually conducted in areas of variable lithology. In addition, the hydrogeological data obtained by drilling and pumping tests are typically insufficient to get 3D distributions of hydraulic head. In this paper, the time-lapse transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is used to image groundwater migration between aquifers in Inner Mongolia, China. First, 1D geophysical models of aquifers are generalized according to the hydrogeological conditions of the region, and the feasibility of detecting the multiple aquifers by TEM is analyzed and discussed. Then, the 2D models of aquifers pre- and post- pumping test are established based on the distribution of groundwater in the aquifers, and the variation law of induced electromotive force measured on the surface is analyzed. The simulation results show that significant time-lapse electromagnetic anomalies can be observed between pre- and post- pumping test and the variation in the induced electromotive force reaches a distinguishable level between 0.7 ms and 100 ms due to the vertical change in the aquifer properties. Furthermore, the electromagnetic variation generated by hydraulic connection between aquifers is greater than 30% within the range of 3/4 of the transmitting loop. Finally, a successful case history to map hydraulic connections between aquifers is conducted using a time-lapse TEM pre- and post- a pumping experiment. This simulation and field experiment shows that time-lapse TEM could characterize and monitor the groundwater migration more effectively than pump tests or hydrogeochemical methods alone.

Groundwater age from multi-level bores: What it can tell about the aquifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Morgenstern ◽  
Zara Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Groundwater Age ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Multi Level

<p>Geologic data to provide information on the functioning of aquifers is often scars. For the aquifers underlying the Heretaunga Plains, Hawkes Bay, one of New Zealand’s most important groundwater systems, we used groundwater age (tritium, SF6, 14C) to inform the geologic model and to provide information on groundwater flow through alternating strata of permeable river gravel beds and fine impermeable beds that form an interconnected unconfined–confined aquifer system with complex groundwater flow processes.</p><p>The aquifers are a result of geological processes responding to climate change cycles from cold glacial when sea level was more than 100m below present sea level, to warm interglacial periods with sea level similar to present day. Glacial climate strata are river gravel, sand and silt deposits and include the artesian aquifers. The interglacial strata form the aquicludes and are marine sand, silt, and clay deposits with interbedded estuarine, swamp and coastal fluvial silt, clay, peat and gravel deposits.</p><p>We have re-visited tracer data sampled during the drilling of multi-level observation well in the early 1990s, and collected new samples from these multi-level bores in order to understand in 3D the groundwater recharge sources, groundwater recharge and flow rates, connection to the rivers, and potential groundwater discharge out to sea. Consistently young water (c. 25 years) at depth greater than 100m indicates preferential flow paths, likely related to paleo-river channels. The flow pattern obtained from the water tracer data improves the geologic information from the drill-holes, and fits with information from recent airborne transient electromagnetic (SkyTEM) geophysical surveys.</p>

Potential distribution of the endemic Short-tailed ground agama Calotes minor (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) in drylands of the Indian sub-continent

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Jangid
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Western India ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Precise Distribution

The Short-tailed ground agama or Hardwicke’s bloodsucker Calotes minor (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) is known to occur in the Indian subcontinent and is largely confined to arid to semiarid environments, such as hard barren desert and abandoned fields. The precise distribution of this species is largely unknown to date, with few locality records spread biogeographically across Eastern Pakistan, Central and Western India. To improve on the existing spatial knowledge on this species and assess the ability to predict species distributions for taxa with few locality records, we studied the distribution of C. minor using a species distribution modelling framework. Our study allowed us to predict the distribution range of C. minor and help define a niche for this habitat-specific species. Highly probable habitats for C. minor were arid and semi-arid dryland habitats, characterised by plains or less rugged terrain with moderately narrow temperature range, lower aridity index, moderate to low vegetation index, and wide precipitation range. Furthermore, we report four additional occurrence records of C. minor from central Rajasthan.

Pollution potential of oil-contaminated soil on groundwater resources in Kuwait

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Literathy ◽  
M. Quinn ◽  
M. Al-Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Freshwater Resource

The only natural freshwater resource of Kuwait occurs as lenses floating on the saline groundwater in the northern part of the country, near to the oil fields. Rainwater is the only means of recharge of this limited groundwater resource. This groundwater is used as bottled drinking water and the fresh groundwater aquifer is considered as a strategic drinking water reserve for Kuwait. As a result of the 1991 Gulf War, the upper soil layer has been widely contaminated with crude oil and crude oil combustion products, which are potential pollutants likely affecting the groundwater resources. Significant efforts have been made to assess this pollution. These included: (a) a soil survey for assessing the soil contamination, and (b) leaching experiments to characterise the mobilization of the soil-associated pollutants. Fluorescence measurement techniques were used during field surveys as well as for laboratory testing. In addition, determination of the total extractable matter (TEM), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and GC/MS measurement of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed for the assessments. The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement, having good correlation with the other laboratory measurements, was proved to provide necessary information for the assessment of the oil-contamination level in the desert soil. The subsequent leaching test with water demonstrated the mobilization of the fluorescing compounds (e.g. PAHs), and the alteration in the leaching characteristics of the contamination during the long-term environmental weathering of the oil.

scholarly journals Groundwater management based on monitoring of land subsidence and groundwater levels in the Kanto Groundwater Basin, Central Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Furuno ◽  
A. Kagawa ◽  
O. Kazaoka ◽  
T. Kusuda ◽  
H. Nirei
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract. Over 40 million people live on and exploit the groundwater resources of the Kanto Plain. The Plain encompasses metropolitan Tokyo and much of Chiba Prefecture. Useable groundwater extends to the base of the Kanto Plain, some 2500 to 3000 m below sea level. Much of the Kanto Plain surface is at sea level. By the early 1970s, with increasing urbanization and industrial expansion, local overdraft of groundwater resources caused major ground subsidence and damage to commercial and residential structures as well as to local and regional infrastructure. Parts of the lowlands around Tokyo subsided to 4.0 m below sea level; particularly affected were the suburbs of Funabashi and Gyotoku in western Chiba. In the southern Kanto Plain, regulations, mainly by local government and later by regional agencies, led to installation of about 500 monitoring wells and almost 5000 bench marks by the 1990's. Many of them are still working with new monitoring system. Long-term monitoring is important. The monitoring systems are costly, but the resulting data provide continuous measurement of the "health" of the Kanto Groundwater Basin, and thus permit sustainable use of the groundwater resource.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT MODELLING IN CHABAHAR PORT, IRAN

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
M. A. Sharifi ◽  
M. D. Pirooz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Western India ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Makran Subduction Zone ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Historical Tsunami

The well-known historical tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) region was generated by the earthquake of November 28, 1945 in Makran Coast in the North of Oman Sea. This destructive tsunami killed over 4,000 people in Southern Pakistan and India, caused great loss of life and devastation along the coasts of Western India, Iran and Oman. According to the report of "Remembering the 1945 Makran Tsunami", compiled by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC), the maximum inundation of Chabahar port was 367 m toward the dry land, which had a height of 3.6 meters from the sea level. In addition, the maximum amount of inundation at Pasni (Pakistan) reached to 3 km from the coastline. For the two beaches of Gujarat (India) and Oman the maximum run-up height was 3 m from the sea level. In this paper, we first use Makran 1945 seismic parameters to simulate the tsunami in generation, propagation and inundation phases. The effect of tsunami on Chabahar port is simulated using the ComMIT model which is based on the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST). In this process the results are compared with the documented eyewitnesses and some reports from researchers for calibration and validation of the result. Next we have used the model to perform risk assessment for Chabahar port in the south of Iran with the worst case scenario of the tsunami. The simulated results showed that the tsunami waves will reach Chabahar coastline 11 minutes after generation and 9 minutes later, over 9.4 Km<sup>2</sup> of the dry land will be flooded with maximum wave amplitude reaching up to 30 meters.

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