47, XYY Syndrome, Height and Institutionalization of Juvenile Delinquents

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (558) ◽  
pp. 549-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Borgaonkar ◽  
W. M. Unger ◽  
S. M. Moore ◽  
T. A. Crofton
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Character Disorder ◽  
Xyy Syndrome ◽  
Sex Chromatin ◽  
Special Hospitals

From a sex-chromatin survey of patients in hospitals for the subnormal, Hunter (1966) concluded that the great height and large build of XYY (and XXYY) males might present such a frightening picture that when such a person was convicted of an offence, judges and psychiatrists would be biased towards directing them to Special Hospitals in the interests of community safety. In a study of 464 defective delinquents we found 97 inmates who were at least 72 inches tall (Welch, Borgaonkar and Herr, 1967). There were two 47, XYY and four 47, XXY males in this group. Nielsen and Tsuboi (1970) have indicated that patients with tall stature have a comparatively pronounced disposition to character disorder and criminality. However, Baker et al. (1970) believe that the role of extraordinary height in generating both antisocial behaviour and selective commitment to maximum security facilities remains undefined. Although all these reports have been concerned with adult offenders, we considered about a possible relationship between 47, XYY karyotype, height and admission to institutions of juvenile delinquents.

Correlation between Stature, Character Disorder and Criminality

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (531) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Takayuki Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Character Disorder ◽  
Xyy Syndrome ◽  
General Male Population ◽  
Made In

The present study of a correlation between stature of male psychiatric patients and character disorder as well as criminality has been made on the background of the findings of such a correlation in persons with the XYY syndrome by Jacobs et al. (1965), Casey et al (1966), Price et al. (1966 and 1967), Welch et al. (1967), Bardett et al. (1968), Court Brown et al (1968), Hunter (1968), Nielsen (1968) and Wiener et al. (1968), and to a certain extent also in persons with a large Y chromosome (Nielsen, 1968). These findings indicate that males with two Y chromosomes, and probably also males with a large Y chromosome, have a higher disposition to tall stature, character disorder and criminality than is found in the general male population. There might be a Y-linked inheritance of tall stature, character disorder and criminality irrespective of the size of the Y chromosome. If these hypotheses are true, one would expect to find a higher frequency of patients with character disorder and criminality among males with a stature above 181 cm. compared with males below 181 cm., and the present study has been made in order to compare the frequency of character disorder and criminality in psychiatric patients in these two stature groups.

Assessment of The Socio-Economic Background and Role of Family in Rehabilitation of Juvenile Delinquents in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. p9451
Author(s):  
Mercy Wanjiru Kithaka Karanja ◽  
James Gichuru Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Economic Background

scholarly journals Urban Adolescence: The Role of Neighbourhood Greenspace in Mental Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. E. Mueller ◽  
Eirini Flouri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Well Being

Mental health and well-being in adolescence are associated with many short- and long-term outcomes. The evidence suggests that greenspace may play a role in adolescents' mental well-being, but we do not know much about the specifics of this link. In this paper, we investigated the role of other factors in the association. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the role of neighbourhood greenspace in emotional and behavioural outcomes in 11-year-old urban adolescents participating in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 4,534). We used linear regression models to test for an association of greenspace with self-esteem, happiness, positive mood, negative mood, and antisocial behaviour. We also investigated effect modification/moderation by garden access, physical activity, and perceived area safety. We did not find a main effect of greenspace, but we did find interaction effects. First, in adolescents without a garden, higher levels of greenspace were associated with lower levels of self-esteem and positive mood. Second, in adolescents who reported lower levels of physical activity, higher levels of greenspace were associated with lower levels of negative mood. Third, in adolescents who perceived their areas to be unsafe, higher levels of greenspace were associated with higher levels of antisocial behaviour. Our findings suggest that merely more greenspace in the neighbourhood may not be sufficient to promote the mental well-being of urban adolescents in the UK. However, greenspace does seem to have an influence under certain conditions which should be investigated further in future studies.

scholarly journals Recognizing the role of victim supports in building and maintaining healthy and safe communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnston-Way ◽  
Sue O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Safety Strategies ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Negative Impacts

The effects of crime can persist for years and can have life-long implications for some victims. The physical and emotional impact, alongside practical problems, point to the need for the rehabilitation of victims and their families in order to avoid or mitigate some of the long-term negative impacts of crime and, in so doing, contribute significantly to community well-being. The meaningful integration of assistance and supports for victims of crime into community safety strategies can contribute not only to increased public safety, but also to a host of other positive outcomes such as considerable cost savings, improvements in public health, and increased confidence in the criminal justice system. Currently, available research and metrics highlighting these linkages remain scarce, pointing to an important opportunity to strengthen the availability of data and research related to the experience of victimization and the impacts and outcomes of interventions with victims of crime. This paper explores the contribution of providing victim supports for building and maintaining healthy and safe communities, and will identify possible research directions to strengthen understanding in this area.

scholarly journals Human Beings and Safety: The Role of Community Safety Structures in the Fight Against Crime, Msinga Local Municipality, Dundee, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-32
Author(s):  
S. B. Singh ◽  
L. M. Zondi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Building Community

This article analyzes the significant role played by community safety structures in Msinga Local Municipality. The motivation behind this study was based on safety within the selected community, considering the increase in violent crimes there. It is rooted in the National Developmental Plan (NDP) of attempting to build safer communities by 2030, by building community participation in community safety. In ensuring that the aim of this study was achieved, a mixed method research design was used, which assisted the researcher to focus on both contesting the existence of community safety structures and exploring their significance in Msinga Local Municipality. Overall, the finding of this study revealed that community safety structures play a vital role in preventing crime within Msinga Local Municipality.

Friendship as a predictor of adjustment following a transition to formal academic instruction and evaluation

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Tomada ◽  
Barry H. Schneider ◽  
Piero de Domini ◽  
Paul S. Greenman ◽  
Ada Fonzi
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
School Transition ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
School Transitions ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Academic Instruction ◽  
The City

Most school transitions are characterised by sweeping changes in children's social and learning environments, often accompanied by important biological and cognitive changes; the multiple changes occurring within the child and the environment make the results of school-transition studies difficult to interpret. Italian elementary school children experience a marked transition in teaching and evaluation style at the end of second grade, but do not change schools. Formal academic instruction begins and pupils' progress begins to be evaluated individually by means of oral examinations. The present longitudinal study focuses on the role of friends during this transition. The participants were pupils of 17 classes in 11 schools in the city of Florence, Italy, and surrounding towns. Self-reported liking of school decreased sharply after the transition. There were some indications that having friends contributed overall to successful adjustment after the transition, especially in terms of children's liking of school. There was also some evidence that friendship is an asset to children undergoing stressful life experiences. Both children's liking of school and their antisocial behaviours were predicted by their friends' attitudes toward school and their friends' antisocial behaviour.

scholarly journals Patients in Broadmoor Hospital from the South Western region: an audit of transfer procedures

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Smith ◽  
Martin Donovan ◽  
Harvey Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Transfer Procedures ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
Special Hospitals

Broadmoor Hospital is one of the three special hospitals covering England and Wales. It provides approximately 500 beds for mentally disordered patients who on account of their dangerous, violent or criminal propensities constitute a grave and immediate danger to the public, requiring treatment in conditions of special security (Section 4, National Health Service Act, 1977). It is generally recognised, however, that there are patients in special hospitals no longer requiring treatment in conditions of maximum security. These patients could probably be more appropriately cared for elsewhere if the facilities existed in general psychiatric hospitals or the community. However, special hospital consultants frequently encounter significant obstacles when attempting to transfer patients to local hospitals. Dell (1980) highlighted this problem, suggesting that 16% of special hospital patients were waiting to leave, following the agreement of the DHSS and the Home Office to their transfer. This delay appeared to be due to hospitals not wanting to accept patients who might prove to be difficult or dangerous. At the time of this current study (March 1990) these difficulties in transferring patients were particularly relevant as two of the special hospitals, Broadmoor and Ashworth (Park Lane and Moss Side) were full for male patients and therefore closed to male admissions, despite a continuing demand for beds.

Suicidal Behavior in Juvenile Delinquents: The Role of ADHD and Other Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Ruchkin ◽  
Roman A. Koposov ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Andrew Stickley
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

Child maltreatment: how can friends contribute to safety?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Sue Allnock
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Rich Information

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a study of support received by 60 young adults who experienced sexual, physical or emotional abuse and neglect in childhood. It is focussed on the support provided by friends in particular, and draws out relevant learning for child sexual exploitation (CSE). Design/methodology/approach – In all, 60 young people completed a questionnaire, complemented by a two hour follow-up interview to explore experiences of formal and informal support in disclosing abuse. In total, 13 young people were recruited on the basis of their prior participation in a larger, associated study of child abuse and neglect, with the remainder recruited via open invitation. Findings – There is rich information in the interviews about the ways that friends provided support to participants. Friends provided practical, moral and emotional support. They intervened to keep their friends safe. They offered emotional “escape” and a conduit to adults who could help keep them safe. Importantly, friends recognised that participants were in distress even when they did not know the participants were being abused. Practical implications – The results highlight that friends have a crucial role to play in helping children to keep safe and to feel safe, provided that they are equipped with information and knowledge of how to respond and where to seek help. Originality/value – The paper is original in considering the role of friends within a community safety framework. In addition, the study sample is larger than other studies of its kind, and considers a wider variety of child maltreatment experiences than previous studies, making clear links to CSE.

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