A Follow-Up and Family Study of Briquet's Syndrome

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel B. Guze ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
Ronald L. Martin ◽  
Paula J. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Family Study ◽  
False Positives ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Washington University

For many years we and other colleagues in the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri have been concerned with the need to develop widely accepted, valid diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders. The aim has been to identify patient groups as homogeneous as possible. Diagnostic criteria, such as those used in this study, were therefore developed with the goal of maximising specificity (i.e. reducing false positives) while keeping sensitivity as high as possible (i.e. keeping false negatives low).

Improving Detection of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment with Sex-Specific Cognitive Norms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Erin E. Sundermann ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes ◽  
Mark W. Bondi ◽  
David A. Bennett ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
False Negatives

Background Despite a female advantage in verbal memory, normative data for verbal memory tests used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often are not sex-adjusted. Objective To determine whether sex-adjusted norms improve aMCI diagnostic accuracy when accuracy was evaluated by progression to AD dementia over time. Methods Non-sex-specific and sex-specific verbal memory test norms were incorporated into Jak/Bondi aMCI criteria and applied to older (age 65–90) non-demented women (N = 1,036) and men (N = 355) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Using sex-specific aMCI diagnosis as the “true” condition versus non-sex-specific aMCI diagnosis as the “predicted” condition, we identified True Positives, False Positives, True Negatives, and False Negatives and compared AD dementia risk over 10 years among groups. Results Rates of aMCI were higher in men versus women (χ 2 = 15.39, p <  0.001) when determined based on typical diagnostic criteria, but this difference reversed when using sex-specific diagnostic criteria (χ 2 = 8.38, p = 0.004). We identified 8%of women as False Negatives and 12%of men as False Positives. Risk of incident AD dementia in False Positive men was significantly lower than in True Positive men (HR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.12–0.58, p = 0.001). Risk of incident AD dementia in False Negative women was substantially higher than in True Negative women (HR = 3.11, 95%CI = 2.09–4.63, p <  0.001). Conclusion Results suggest that previous reports of higher aMCI rates in men versus women may be an artifact of non-sex-adjusted norms/cut-scores. Incorporation of sex-specific norms/cut-scores for verbal memory impairment into aMCI diagnostic criteria may improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid diagnostic errors in approximately 20%.

Value of Random Urinary Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid Levels in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Neuroblastoma: Comparison with 24-Hour Urine Collections

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Mendel Tuchman ◽  
Christopher L. Morris ◽  
Margaret L. Ramnaraine ◽  
Larry D. Bowers ◽  
William Krivit
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Vanillylmandelic Acid ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Random Samples

Urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA) levels were determined in random samples and in 24-hour collections from 13 patients with neuroblastoma and 22 patients without neuroblastoma. Random sample levels were compared with levels in 24-hour collections and showed a positive correlation of 95% for HVA (N = 59) and 93% for VMA (N = 52). No false positives or false negatives occurred using random samples for diagnosis. Nonneuroblastoma (normal) HVA (N = 126) and VMA (N = 119) levels are reported for different age groups. Sequential random HVA and VMA determinations in patients with neuroblastoma during and after therapy are shown. Random urinary HVA and VMA levels are shown to be adequate for utilization in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma and sequential determinations of random HVA and VMA are shown to be helpful in the follow-up of those patients.

Functional Neck Dissection

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo V. Calearo ◽  
Gianpietro Teatini
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Radical Neck Dissection ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
False Positives ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Local Recurrences ◽  
Functional Neck Dissection

The anatomical grounds of and surgical technique for functional neck dissection are described in detail in order to demonstrate that the radicalism of this procedure, from the viewpoint of surgical anatomy, is by no means less than that of the classical (so-called radical) neck dissection. From 1972 to 1978, 476 operations were performed (211 patients treated bilaterally and 54 unilaterally). The percentage of false negatives (ie, histologically proven metastases in clinically unsuspected nodes) was 14%, while the percentage of false positives (histological negativity in clinically suspected nodes) reached 53%. The total number of local recurrences in a three-year follow-up was nine (3.5%).

Data Management in an Epidemiological Study : Experiences from the Iowa 500 Field Follow-up and Family Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
R. F. Woolson ◽  
M. T. Tsuang ◽  
L. R. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Made In

We are now conducting a forty-year follow-up and family study of 200 schizophrenics, 325 manic-depressives and 160 surgical controls. This study began in 1973 and has continued to the present date. Numerous data handling and data management decisions were made in the course of collecting the data for the project. In this report some of the practical difficulties in the data handling and computer management of such large and bulky data sets are enumerated.

Anticardiolipin Antibodies Are Elevated in HIV-1 Infected Haemophiliacs but Do Not Predict for Disease Progression

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 081-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Panzer ◽  
Christoph Stain ◽  
Hubert Hartl ◽  
Robert Dudczak ◽  
Klaus Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

SummaryLevels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured in 55 patients with haemophilia A in serum samples obtained in 1983 and in 1987. Twenty-one patients were negative for anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983 and remained negative in 1987; 34 patients had anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983; 17 of these latter patients remained asymptomatic, whereas 17 patients developed ARC or AIDS during the 4 years follow-up. Thirteen anti HIV-1 negative patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; subsequently, a significant decrease was observed in all these subjects (p <0.001). All anti HIV-1 positive patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; normal values were found in 9 patients in 1987. Yet, these changes were not significant (p >0.05). ACA levels were significantly higher in HIV-1 infected patients than in those without anti HIV-1 antibodies (p <0.05). There was no difference of ACA levels between the two anti HIV-1 positive patient groups, be it in 1983 or be it in 1987 (p >0.05). There was no correlation of ACA levels with serum IgG concentrations, CD4+ lymphocytes, or the consumption of factor VIII concentrates.

Sky Segmentation for Enhanced Depth Reconstruction and Bokeh Rendering with Efficient Architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (14) ◽  
pp. 378-1-378-7
Author(s):  
Tyler Nuanes ◽  
Matt Elsey ◽  
Radek Grzeszczuk ◽  
John Paul Shen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Depth Reconstruction ◽  
Binary Classifiers

We present a high-quality sky segmentation model for depth refinement and investigate residual architecture performance to inform optimally shrinking the network. We describe a model that runs in near real-time on mobile device, present a new, highquality dataset, and detail a unique weighing to trade off false positives and false negatives in binary classifiers. We show how the optimizations improve bokeh rendering by correcting stereo depth misprediction in sky regions. We detail techniques used to preserve edges, reject false positives, and ensure generalization to the diversity of sky scenes. Finally, we present a compact model and compare performance of four popular residual architectures (ShuffleNet, MobileNetV2, Resnet-101, and Resnet-34-like) at constant computational cost.

Automatic Extraction of Acronyms from Text

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Communications Theory ◽  
Textual Content

A brief introduction to acronyms is given and motivation for extracting them in a digital library environment is discussed. A technique for extracting acronyms is given with an analysis of the results. The technique is found to have a low number of false negatives and a high number of false positives. Introduction Digital library research seeks to build tools to enable access of content, while making as few as possible assumptions about the content, since assumptions limit the range of applicability of the tools. Generally, the broader the assumptions the more widely applicable the tools. For example, keyword based indexing [5] is based on communications theory and applies to all natural human textual languages (allowances for differences in character sets and similar localisation issues not withstanding) . The algorithm described in this paper makes much stronger assumptions about the content. It assumes textual content that contains acronyms, an assumption which is known to hold for...

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