Psychopathology in Institutionalised Mentally Retarded Adults

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav M. Linaker ◽  
Rune Nitter
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Axis I

The clients in an institution for the mentally retarded were screened for signs of psychopathology with the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA). Of the 168 clients, 146 satisfied criteria for DSM–III axis I disorders, and 153 satisfied criteria for at least one disorder on either axis I or II. Multiple diagnoses were common, and a total of 288 diagnoses were found. No particular disorder was found to be more prevalent in those with organic brain dysfunction. The level of functioning was not found to predispose to any particular diagnosis. There was a positive relationship between the presence of a psychiatric disorder and the resources available to the clients and the activities offered. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was extremely high in the population studied, with the exception of the affective disorders, of which no case was found. One possible reason for this high prevalence is that deinstitutionalisation leaves behind those with the more severe behavioural problems.

The Natural History of Behavioural Symptoms among Severely and Profoundly Mentally Retarded Patients

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Reid ◽  
B. R. Ballinger ◽  
B. B. Heather ◽  
S. J. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Descriptive Sense

SummaryIn a study of the evolution of behavioural symptoms in severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults in hospital over a period of six years, items of abnormal behaviour were found to be remarkably persistent. There is a high prevalence rate of psychiatric disorder in this population, when this disorder is defined in a widely descriptive sense. A substantially improved living environment, and increased staff-patient ratios, are prerequisites for improving disturbed behaviour in these patients.

The New York high-risk project: Comorbidity of axis I disorders in subjects at high risk for schizophrenia or major affective disorders and in low-risk subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling ◽  
U.Hilldoff Adamo ◽  
A. Bassett ◽  
E. Squires-Wheeler ◽  
B. Cornblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
High Risk Project

Mentally Retarded Patients on General Hospital Psychiatric Units

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Addington ◽  
Jean M. Addington ◽  
Irene Ens
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
Axis I

Difficulties in the placement of two recurrently assaultive mentally retarded men who had been admitted to acute admission units for assessment led staff to hypothesize that mentally retarded patients were being inappropriately diverted into psychiatric services. To test this hypothesis, the charts of all mentally retarded patients admitted over two years were reviewed retrospectively. Contrary to expectations, there was no difference between the average length of stay of the mentally retarded patients and a comparison group of psychiatric patients. Furthermore, the mentally retarded patients presented with a full range of Axis I disorders, schizophrenia being the most common. It was concluded that, in general, the acute psychiatric services were being used appropriately for this group of mentally retarded patients.

Antisocial addicts: the importance of additional axis I disorders for the 28-month outcome

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tómasson ◽  
P Vaglum
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Drunken Driving

The association between additional co-morbid axis I disorders and the following 28-month course of drinking and mental distress was explored in a nation-wide representative sample (N = 100) of treatment-seeking alcoholics with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Diagnoses at admission were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and follow-up status was assessed with a questionnaire and from informants. Only 24% had no additional diagnoses, 39% had an affective disorder, 43% panic/agoraphobia, 61% other anxiety disorders, and 47% were polysubstance abusers. Polysubstance abusers had more prior admissions, and were more often involved in fights, while additional anxiety disorder was associated with lower prevalence of drunken driving arrests. Relapse (87%) was best predicted by the number of prior admissions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3), while affective disorders reduced the risk of relapse (OR = 0.2). Readmissions (55%) were least common among those with affective disorders (44%). Identifying axis I diagnoses, and in particular affective disorders among treatment-seeking ASPD alcoholics, is of substantial importance both in research and clinical practice.

The Zeigarnik Effect in a Sample of Mentally Retarded Persons

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 702-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. House ◽  
Everton G. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Brain

A conceptual replication of the well known Zeigarnik effect was attempted with persons who had organic brain dysfunction. Data from a sample of 56 mentally retarded persons showed a significant difference in the recall of uncompleted versus completed tasks, thus establishing the Zeigarnik effect in that population.

The borderlines of bipolar affective disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Sharyn Byrne ◽  
Anne Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Affective Instability ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the major studies of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), and assesses whether the disorders might be better understood as variants of the same basic disorder. There is a shortage of research that delineates the features of both disorders within their representative samples. As a consequence the symptomatic overlap of the disorders, detected by categorical assessment instruments, is often misconstrued as an indication of the disorders' high rates of comorbidity (up to 81%).In paying particular attention to features of both disorders, eg. affective instability and impulsivity, the paper provides evidence that BPD attenuates bipolar disorder along the spectrum of affective disorders, from non-classical bipolar presentation through to severe BAD with borderline features. The paper cites clinical, research and pharmacologic support of the contention that BPD, rather than representing a distinct disorder, is merely an attenuation of Axis I disorders, most especially bipolar affective disorder. Borderline personality is evident across the bipolar spectrum and exacerbates symptomatology and leads to poorer recovery prognosis.

Bioelectronic Measurement of Nasality in Trainable Mentally Retarded Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Trainable Mentally Retarded

Fifty trainable mentally retarded children were evaluated with TONAR II, a bioelectronic instrument for detecting and quantitatively measuring voice parameters. Results indicated that one-half of the children tested were hypernasal. The strikingly high prevalence of excessive nasality was contrasted with results obtained from 64 nonretarded children and 50 educable retarded children tested with the same instrument. The study demonstrated the need of retarded persons for improved voice and resonance.

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