Schizophrenic and Manic Brains in Nigerians Computerised Tomography Findings

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude U. Ohaeri ◽  
Abiodun O. Adeyinka ◽  
Solomon N. Enyidah ◽  
Benjamin O. Osuntokun
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Brain Abnormality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Brain Ventricle

BackgroundWe highlight the profile of brain computerised tomography (CT) measures among Nigerian psychiatric patients for comparison with findings from developed countries, and study of the relationship between CT values and clinical variables.MethodSeven brain ventricle measures of 50 schizophrenic patients, 14 manic patients, and 41 healthy control subjects were compared.ResultsPatients had a significantly higher mean Sylvian fissure area. The third ventricle of schizophrenic patients was significantly larger than those of control subjects. CT measures were not significantly correlated with duration of illness.ConclusionThe so-called functional psychotic states are most probably associated with nonspecific brain abnormality.

The Correlates of Cortical Sulci Atrophy and Central Atrophy in a Cohort of Schizophrenia and Manic Subjects in Nigeria

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun O. Adeyinka ◽  
Jude U. Ohaeri ◽  
Benjamin O. Osuntokun
Keyword(s):  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of brain cortical sulci atrophy and central (subcortical) atrophy among Nigerian psychiatric patients is highlighted and compared with findings from developed countries. The relationship between these indices of brain atrophy and clinical parameters is also examined. Visual ratings of cortical sulci atrophy and central (subcortical) atrophy, assessed on the computed tomography (CT) image console, were compared among 50 patients with schizophrenia, 14 patients with mania and 41 healthy control subjects. The patients with schizophrenia and the patients with mania had a significantly higher prevalence of brain atrophy than normal subjects. Among the patients with schizophrenia, indices of brain atrophy were not significantly associated with disease outcome, and the presence of negative symptoms. In view of the findings from a parallel study of the same patients that psychiatric patient groups showed other evidence of CT abnormalities, the findings of this study indicate that the so-called functional psychiatric states in developing countries — as in developed countries — are probably associated with some diffuse neuropathological process.

scholarly journals iPad-Assisted Measurements of Duration Estimation in Psychiatric Patients and Healthy Control Subjects

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e61295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Preuschoff ◽  
Helge H. Müller ◽  
Wolfgang Sperling ◽  
Teresa Biermann ◽  
Matthias Bergner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Duration Estimation

Cognitive Performance in Relation to MRI Temporal Lobe Volume in Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Control Subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Krabbendam ◽  
Mayke M. A. Derix ◽  
Adriaan Honig ◽  
Eric Vuurman ◽  
Rob Havermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control

scholarly journals The perception of self-produced sensory stimuli in patients with auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences: evidence for a breakdown in self-monitoring

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-J. BLAKEMORE ◽  
J. SMITH ◽  
R. STEEL ◽  
E. C. JOHNSTONE ◽  
C. D. FRITH
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Background. To test the hypothesis that certain psychotic symptomatology is due to a defect in self- monitoring, we investigated the ability of groups of psychiatric patients to differentiate perceptually between self-produced and externally produced tactile stimuli.Methods. Responses to tactile stimulation were assessed in three groups of subjects: schizophrenic patients; patients with bipolar affective disorder or depression; and normal control subjects. Within the psychiatric groups subjects were divided on the basis of the presence or absence of auditory hallucinations and/or passivity experiences. The subjects were asked to rate the perception of a tactile sensation on the palm of their left hand. The tactile stimulation was either self-produced by movement of the subject's right hand or externally produced by the experimenter.Results. Normal control subjects and those psychiatric patients with neither auditory hallucinations nor passivity phenomena experienced self-produced stimuli as less intense, tickly and pleasant than identical, externally produced tactile stimuli. In contrast, psychiatric patients with these symptoms did not show a decrease in their perceptual ratings for tactile stimuli produced by themselves as compared with those produced by the experimenter. This failure to show a difference in perception between self-produced and externally produced stimuli appears to relate to the presence of auditory hallucinations and/or passivity experiences rather than to the diagnosis of schizophrenia.Conclusions. We propose that auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences are associated with an abnormality in the self-monitoring mechanism that normally allows us to distinguish self-produced from externally produced sensations.

Serum Copper in Schizophrenia in Nigerians

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Olatunbosun ◽  
M. O. Akindele ◽  
B. K. Adadevoh ◽  
T. Asuni
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Serum

SummarySerum copper concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 102 schizophrenic patients and 95 healthy control subjects. The serum copper concentrations were significantly higher in the schizophrenic patients than in the normal control subjects. The average serum copper in schizophrenic females was higher than in schizophrenic males, but the difference was not statistically significant

scholarly journals Sleep Organisation in Depression and Schizophrenia: Index of Endogenous Periodicity of Sleep as a State Marker [Retracted]

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Andrej Ilankovic ◽  
Aleksandar Damjanovic ◽  
Vera Ilankovic ◽  
Srdjan Milovanovic ◽  
Dusan Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: Sleep disorders are frequent symptoms described in psychiatric patients with major depression or schizophrenia. These patients also exhibit changes in the sleep architecture measured by polysomnography (PSG) during sleep. The aim of the present study was to identify potential biomarkers that would facilitate the diagnosis based on polysomnography (PSG) measurements.Subjects and Methods: 30 patients with schizophrenia, 30 patients with major depression and 30 healthy control subjects were investigated in the present study. The mean age in the group with schizophrenia was 36.73 (SD 6.43), in the group of patients with depression 40.77 (SD 7.66), in the healthy controls group 34.40 (SD 5.70). The gender distribution was as follows: 18 male, 12 female in the group with schizophrenia; in the group of patients with depression 11 male, 19 female; in the control group 16 male and 14 female. All subjects underwent polysomnography (PSG) for a minimum time of 8 hours according to the criteria of Rechtschaffen & Kales (1968). The following polysomnographic (PSG) parameters were analyzed: sleep latency (SL), total sleep time (TST), waking time after sleep onset (WTASO), number of awakenings (NAW), slow wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), rapid eye movement sleep latency (REML), first REM period (REM 1), and first NREM period (NREM 1). We tested the potential of multiple sleep variables to predict diagnosis in different groups by using linear discriminate analysis (LDA).Results: There were significant differences in polysomnography (PSG) variables between healthy control subjects and psychiatric patients (total sleep time, sleep latency, number of awakenings, time of awakening after sleep onset, REM 1 latency, REM 1 and index of endogenous periodicity). Importantly, LDA was able to predict the correct diagnosis in 88% of all cases.Conclusions: The presented analysis showed commonalities and differences in polysomnography (PSG) changes in patients with major depressive disorder and in patients with schizophrenia. Our results underline the potential of polysomnography (PSG) measurements to facilitate diagnostic processes.

Neuroanatomical Studies of Major Affective Disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip V. Jeste ◽  
James B. Lohr ◽  
Frederick K. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

Interest in the long-neglected neuropathology of major affective disorders has recently been rekindled, partly because of the emergence of brain-imaging techniques. We review the literature suggesting that attention be given to the neuroanatomy and neuropathology of primary and secondary affective disorders. Computerised tomography studies show that patients with affective disorders tend to be similar to schizophrenic patients and significantly different from normal control subjects in ventricle:brain ratio, sulcal widening, and cerebellar vermian atrophy. As yet, there are few neuropathological investigations of the brains of patients with primary affective disorders. Suggestions for further research in the neuropathology of affective disorders are offered.

Enhancement of Platelet Sensitivity to ADP-Aggregation by Isometric Exercise in Arteriosclerotic Patients and its Prevention

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
New Method ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control

SummaryA new method for assessment of platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation was devised. Its reproducibility and the correlations between the values obtained by this method, the optical density (O. D.) method, and the screen filtration pressure (SFP) method were assessed. In summary, this method may be said to have three main points:1. It can be performed without centrifugation, avoiding mechanical stress to platelets, using only 0.8 ml. of blood and inexpensive equipment.2. It may reflect different aspects of platelet function from the O. D. method and the SFP method, despite the positive significant correlations between the values obtained by these three methods.3. It was proved to be highly reproducible and is thought to be useful clinically.By using this method, the effect of sustained isometric exercise by handgripping on platelet aggregability was assessed in coronary sclerotic and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients on placebo and EG-626, a newly synthesized cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. On placebo, an enhancement of platelet sensitivity was observed after isometric exercise in coronary and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients but not in healthy control subjects. The enhancement was prevented by pretreatment of EG-626, administered orally 1.5 hours prior to exercise.

Some Cytokines Levels (IL-6 and IL-10) in Sera Patients with Cutaneous Leismanasis in Nassiriya Province

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Pure Science ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control

The present study was carried out in the Labs of collage of education for pure science, during period from January 2017 to endDecember of the same year. The immune status investigates for CLpatients by measuring the levels of cytokines (IL6and IL10) in sera using a technique enzyme-linked immune Sorbent adsorptive (ELISA). The study included 120 subjects with (60 CLpatientsL.majar and 60 CLpatients L. tropica with and (30) were healthy control. Increased mean Serum level of IL6 was in the observed in the total patients as compared to control Subjects (224.53pg/ml,70.70pg/ml), the result indicate there was significant difference at (p<0.05) ,such observation was consistent in the patient infected with L.majar and L. tropica (104 .90 pg/ml and 112.78 pg/ml) respectively. The results of the IL10 showed significant difference at (p<0.05)increased of mean Serum level in the total CL patients as compared to control Subjects(226.90 pg/ml 46.77pg/ml,).Ahighly significant difference at (p<0.05) increased observed in patients group infected with L.majar and followed by patients group infected L. tropica (112.78pg/ml and 114.12pg/ml) respectively.These results revealed that the excessive presence of cytokines might play a role in CL patients.

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