scholarly journals Anterior cingulate grey-matter deficits and cannabis use in first-episode schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Szeszko ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Serge Sevy ◽  
Sanjiv Kumra ◽  
Claudia I. Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode Of Schizophrenia

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of cannabis use in schizophrenia, few studies have examined the potential relationship between cannabis exposure and brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate prefrontal grey and white matter regions in patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia with an additional diagnosis of cannabis use or dependence (n=20) compared with similar patients with no cannabis use (n=31) and healthy volunteers (n=56).MethodVolumes of the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus and orbital frontal lobe were outlined manually from contiguous magnetic resonance images and automatically segmented into grey and white matter.ResultsPatients who used cannabis had less anterior cingulate grey matter compared with both patients who did not use cannabis and healthy volunteers.ConclusionsA defect in the anterior cingulate is associated with a history of cannabis use among patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia and could have a role in poor decision-making and in choosing more risky outcomes.

scholarly journals Focal changes in brain energy and phospholipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Jensen ◽  
Jodi Miller ◽  
Peter C. Williamson ◽  
Richard W J. Neufeld ◽  
Ravi S. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Membrane Breakdown ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundMembrane phospholipid and high-energy abnormalities measured with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia in several brain regions.AimsUsing improved imaging techniques, previously inaccessible brain regions were examined in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy volunteers with 4.0 T 31P-MRS.MethodBrain spectra were collected in vivo from 15 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers from 15 cm3 effective voxels in the thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus, anterior/posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex and parieto-occipital cortex.ResultsPeople with first-episode schizophrenia showed increased levels of glycerophosphocholine in the anterior cingulate. Inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were also increased in the anterior cingulate in this group.ConclusionsThe increased phosphodiester and high-energy phosphate levels in the anterior cingulate of brains of people with first-episode schizophrenia may indicate neural overactivity in this region during the early stages of the illness, resulting in increased excitotoxic neural membrane breakdown.

White-matter microstructure in previously drug-naive patients with schizophrenia after 6 weeks of treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2301-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
C. Cheung ◽  
W. Deng ◽  
M. Li ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the progressive changes in brain microstructural deficits documented in previous longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies might be due to the disease process or to other factors such as medication. It is important to explore the longitudinal alterations in white-matter (WM) microstructure in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia during the very early phase of treatment when relatively ‘free’ from chronicity.MethodThirty-five patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 22 healthy volunteers were recruited. High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained from participants at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. A ‘difference map’ for each individual was calculated from the 6-week follow-up fractional anisotropy (FA) of DTI minus the baseline FA. Differences in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores between baseline and 6 weeks were also evaluated and expressed as a 6-week/baseline ratio.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in absolute FA of WM around the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and the right anterior corona radiata of the frontal lobe in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia following 6 weeks of treatment. Clinical symptoms improved during this period but the change in FA did not correlate with the changes in clinical symptoms or the dose of antipsychotic medication.ConclusionsDuring the early phase of treatment, there is an acute reduction in WM FA that may be due to the effects of antipsychotic medications. However, it is not possible to entirely exclude the effects of underlying progression of illness.

scholarly journals Positive symptoms and white matter microstructure in never-medicated first episode schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1709-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cheung ◽  
C. P. Y. Chiu ◽  
C. W. Law ◽  
C. Cheung ◽  
C. L. M. Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundWe investigated cerebral structural connectivity and its relationship to symptoms in never-medicated individuals with first-onset schizophrenia using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).MethodWe recruited subjects with first episode DSM-IV schizophrenia who had never been exposed to antipsychotic medication (n=34) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n=32). All subjects received DTI and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Patients' symptoms were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Voxel-based analysis was performed to investigate brain regions where fractional anisotropy (FA) values significantly correlated with symptom scores.ResultsIn patients with first-episode schizophrenia, positive symptoms correlated positively with FA scores in white matter associated with the right frontal lobe, left anterior cingulate gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right middle cingulate gyrus, and left cuneus. Importantly, FA in each of these regions was lower in patients than controls, but patients with more positive symptoms had FA values closer to controls. We found no significant correlations between FA and negative symptoms.ConclusionsThe newly-diagnosed, neuroleptic-naive patients had lower FA scores in the brain compared with controls. There was positive correlation between FA scores and positive symptoms scores in frontotemporal tracts, including left fronto-occipital fasciculus and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. This implies that white matter dysintegrity is already present in the pre-treatment phase and that FA is likely to decrease after clinical treatment or symptom remission.

scholarly journals CEREBELLAR GREY MATTER DEFICITS, CANNABIS USE AND FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Martin Cohen ◽  
Paul E. Rasser ◽  
Gregory Peck ◽  
Vaughan J. Carr ◽  
Philip B. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Cerebellar grey-matter deficits, cannabis use and first-episode schizophrenia in adolescents and young adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cohen ◽  
Paul E. Rasser ◽  
Greg Peck ◽  
Vaughan J. Carr ◽  
Philip B. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Grey matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s111-s116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Morgan ◽  
Paola Dazzan ◽  
Kenneth G. Orr ◽  
Gerard Hutchinson ◽  
Xavier Chitnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter ◽  
First Onset

BackgroundGrey matter and other structural brain abnormalities are consistently reported in first-onset schizophrenia, but less is known about the extent of neuroanatomical changes in first-onset affective psychosisAimsTo determine which brain abnormalities are specific to (a) schizophrenia and (b) affective psychosisMethodWe obtained dual-echo (proton density/T2-weighted) magnetic resonance images and carried out voxel-based analysis on the images of 73 patients with first-episode psychosis (schizophrenia n=44, affective psychosis n=29) and 58 healthy controlsResultsBoth patients with schizophrenia and patients with affective psychosis had enlarged lateral and third ventricle volumes. Regional cortical grey matter reductions (including bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, left insula and left fusiform gyrus) were evident in affective psychosis but not in schizophrenia, although patients with schizophrenia displayed decreased hippocampal grey matter and increased striatal grey matter at a more liberal statistical thresholdConclusionsBoth schizophrenia and affective psychosis are associated with volumetric abnormalities at the onset of frank psychosis, with some of these evident in common brain areas

scholarly journals Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Aoyama ◽  
Jean Théberge ◽  
Dick J. Drost ◽  
Rahul Manchanda ◽  
Sandra Northcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Metabolite ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
Profile Rating ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundThalamic glutamine loss and grey matter reduction suggest neurodegeneration in first-episode schizophrenia, but the duration is unknown.AimsTo observe glutamine and glutamate levels, grey matter volumes and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia followed to 80 months after diagnosis.MethodGrey matter volumes and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites in left anterior cingulate and left thalamus were measured in 17 patients with schizophrenia before medication and 10 and 80 months after diagnosis. Social functioning was assessed with the Life Skills Profile Rating Scale (LSPRS) at 80 months.ResultsThe sum of thalamic glutamate and glutamine levels decreased over 80 months, and correlated inversely with the LSPRS. Thalamic glutamine and grey matter loss were significantly correlated in frontal, parietal, temporal and limbic regions.ConclusionsBrain metabolite loss is correlated with deteriorated social functioning and grey matter losses in schizophrenia, consistent with neurodegeneration.

Prevalence and clinical correlates of depression in the acute phase of first episode schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Roche ◽  
Mary Clarke ◽  
Stephen Browne ◽  
Niall Turner ◽  
Orflaith McTuige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
First Episode Of Schizophrenia

AbstractBackground: Reported rates of depression in schizophrenia vary considerably.Objective: To measure the prevalence of depression in a first episode sample of people with schizophrenia.Methods: All referrals with a first episode of schizophrenia diagnosed using SCID interviews were assessed pre-discharge and again six months later. We used the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess the severity of symptoms.Results: Pre-discharge, 10.4% of the sample met CDSS criteria for depression. According to the PANSS depression (PANSS -D) subscale, 3% of patients were depressed, with a mean score of 7.48 (SD = 2.97). Only 3% of patients pre-discharge were found to be depressed on both the CDSS and the PANSS-D. Six months later 6.5% were depressed according to the CDSS. However none reached depression criteria according to the PANSS-D. The CDSS correlated with PANSS-D both pre-discharge and at follow-up. Feelings of depression and self-deprecation were the most common symptoms at baseline and follow-up. The CDSS was unrelated to negative symptoms at both stages. A lifetime history of alcohol abuse increased the risk for depression.Conclusion: Rates of depression in this sample were low. The CDSS appears to discriminate between depression and negative symptoms. Like the general population, alcohol misuse is a risk factor for depression in first episode schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Abnormalities in connectivity of white-matter tracts in patients with familial and non-familial schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1691-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
W. Deng ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
M. Li ◽  
X. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Full Factorial

BackgroundAbnormalities in the connectivity of white-matter (WM) tracts in schizophrenia are supported by evidence from post-mortem investigations, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The aims of this study were to explore the microstructural changes in first-episode schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population and to investigate whether a family history of psychiatric disorder is related to the severity of WM tract integrity abnormalities in these patients.MethodT1-weighted MR and DT images were collected in 68 patients with first-episode schizophrenia [22 with a positive family history (PFH) and 46 with a negative family history (NFH)] and 100 healthy controls. Voxel-based analysis was performed and WM integrity was quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA). Cluster- and voxel-level analyses were performed by using two-sample t tests between patients and controls and/or using a full factorial model with one factor and three levels among the three sample groups (patients with PFH or NFH, and controls), as appropriate.ResultsFA deficits were observed in the patient group, especially in the left temporal lobe and right corpus callosum. This effect was more severe in the non-familial schizophrenia than in the familial schizophrenia subgroup.ConclusionsOverall, these findings support the hypothesis that loss of WM integrity may be an important pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia, with particular implications for brain dysmaturation in non-familial and familial schizophrenia.

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