scholarly journals Olanzapine vs. risperidone in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a lifetime history of cannabis use disorders: 16-week clinical and substance use outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Sevy ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Suzanne Sunday ◽  
Barbara Napolitano ◽  
Rachel Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Are cannabis use disorders associated with an earlier age at onset of psychosis? A study in first episode schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Sevy ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Barbara Napolitano ◽  
Raman C. Patel ◽  
Handan Gunduz-Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate grey-matter deficits and cannabis use in first-episode schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Szeszko ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Serge Sevy ◽  
Sanjiv Kumra ◽  
Claudia I. Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode Of Schizophrenia

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of cannabis use in schizophrenia, few studies have examined the potential relationship between cannabis exposure and brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate prefrontal grey and white matter regions in patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia with an additional diagnosis of cannabis use or dependence (n=20) compared with similar patients with no cannabis use (n=31) and healthy volunteers (n=56).MethodVolumes of the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus and orbital frontal lobe were outlined manually from contiguous magnetic resonance images and automatically segmented into grey and white matter.ResultsPatients who used cannabis had less anterior cingulate grey matter compared with both patients who did not use cannabis and healthy volunteers.ConclusionsA defect in the anterior cingulate is associated with a history of cannabis use among patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia and could have a role in poor decision-making and in choosing more risky outcomes.

scholarly journals Interaction of Cannabis Use Disorder and Striatal Connectivity in Antipsychotic Treatment Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Blair Thies ◽  
Pamela DeRosse ◽  
Deepak K Sarpal ◽  
Miklos Argyelan ◽  
Christina L Fales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Antipsychotic (AP) medications are the mainstay for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but their efficacy is unpredictable and widely variable. Substantial efforts have been made to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used to guide optimal prescription strategies for individual patients. Striatal regions involved in salience and reward processing are disrupted as a result of both SSD and cannabis use, and research demonstrates that striatal circuitry may be integral to response to AP drugs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the relationship between a history of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and a striatal connectivity index (SCI), a previously developed neural biomarker for AP treatment response in SSD. Patients were part of a 12-week randomized, double-blind controlled treatment study of AP drugs. A sample of 48 first-episode SSD patients with no more than 2 weeks of lifetime exposure to AP medications, underwent a resting-state fMRI scan pretreatment. Treatment response was defined a priori as a binary (response/nonresponse) variable, and a SCI was calculated in each patient. We examined whether there was an interaction between lifetime CUD history and the SCI in relation to treatment response. We found that CUD history moderated the relationship between SCI and treatment response, such that it had little predictive value in SSD patients with a CUD history. In sum, our findings highlight that biomarker development can be critically impacted by patient behaviors that influence neurobiology, such as a history of CUD.

scholarly journals S201. HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELD VOLUMES AND CHANGE IN BODY MASS OVER 12 MONTHS OF TREATMENT IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S114-S115
Author(s):  
Stéfan Du Plessis ◽  
Hilmar Luckhoff ◽  
Sanja Kilian ◽  
Laila Asmal ◽  
Frederika Scheffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background In this study, we explored the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and change in body mass over 12 months of treatment in 90 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients (66 males, 24 females; mean age= 24.7±6.8 years). Methods Body mass index was assessed in patients at baseline, and at months 3, 6, 9 and 12. Hippocampal subfields of interest were assessed using a segmentation algorithm included in the FreeSurfer 6.0 software program. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant interactive effect between sex and anterior hippocampus size as a predictor of change in body mass over 12 months, adjusting for age, substance use, treatment duration, and posterior hippocampal volumes. In an exploratory sub-analysis, partial correlations revealed a significant association between weight gain and smaller CA1, CA3 and subiculum volumes in females, but not males, adjusting for age and substance use, with similar trends evident for the CA4 and presubiculum subfields. Discussion In conclusion, our findings suggest that smaller anterior hippocampal subfields are associated with the development of weight gain over the course of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a sex-specific fashion, and may partly explain the more severe and ongoing increase in body mass evident for female patients.

scholarly journals Bipolar disorder first episode and suicidal behavior: are there differences according to type of suicide attempt?

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Silva Neves ◽  
Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz ◽  
Izabela Guimarães Barbosa ◽  
Paulo Marcos Brasil ◽  
Humberto Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the polarity of the first mood episode may be a marker for suicidal behavior, particularly the violent subtype. METHOD: One hundred and sixty-eight patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (DSM-IV) were grouped according to type of first episode: depression or manic/hypomanic. Groups were compared for demographic and clinical variables. We performed logistic regression in order to test the association between first episode polarity and suicidal behavior. RESULTS: We found that depressed patients have a lifetime history of more suicide attempts. However, univariate analysis of number of suicide attempts showed that the best model fits the bipolar II subtype (mean square = 15.022; p = 0.010) and lifetime history of psychotic episodes (mean square = 17.359; p = 0.021). Subgrouping the suicide attempts by subtype (violent or non-violent) revealed that manic/hypomanic patients had a greater tendency toward attempting violent suicide (21.2 vs. 14.7%, X² = 7.028, p = 0.03). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed this result. CONCLUSION: Depressed patients had more suicide attempts over time, which could be explained by the higher prevalence of bipolar II subtype in this group, whereas manic/hypomanic patients had a lifelong history of more frequent violent suicide attempts, not explained by any of the variables studied. Our results support the evidence that non-violent suicide attempters and violent suicide attempters tend to belong to different phenotypic groups.

Cannabis use and age of diagnosis of schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Sugranyes ◽  
Itziar Flamarique ◽  
Eduard Parellada ◽  
Immaculada Baeza ◽  
Javier Goti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractBackground and objectivesObservational studies have reported earlier onset of psychosis in schizophrenic patients with a history of cannabis use. Earlier age of onset of schizophrenia has been associated with a poorer outcome. We aimed to examine whether cannabis use determined an earlier onset of schizophrenia in a sample of first episode patients, in an area with one of Europe's highest rates of cannabis use.Methods116 subjects with first episode psychosis and subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia (after a 12-month follow-up) were included Age at first antipsychotic treatment (A1T) was used as proxy for age of psychosis onset, and acted as dependent variable for the statistical analysis. Cannabis use was evaluated retrospectively, and divided into three groups according to peak frequency (never, sporadic/frequent, daily).Results46 (39.7%) subjects had never used cannabis, 23 (19.9%) had done so sporadically/frequently, and 47 (40.5%) daily. A1T differed between the three groups (mean, in years and [SD]: 27.0 [4.94]; 25.7 [4.44] and 24.5 [4.36]; p = 0.033) and diminished as cannabis use increased (linear tendency; p = 0.009). Post-hoc analysis showed that cannabis use (irrespective of frequency) was significantly associated with decrease in A1T (p = 0.033), as shown by the first contrast [1 −1/2 −1/2]. Post-hoc contrast showed that cannabis users had a significantly lower age of onset of psychosis (mean decrease, in years: 1.93; CI (confidence interval) 95%: 0.17–3.70; p = 0.033).ConclusionsCannabis use was significantly associated with a decrease in age of onset of schizophrenia. Age of onset of the disease correlated with frequency of cannabis use.

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