scholarly journals Recurrence of major depression in adolescence and early adulthood, and later mental health, educational and economic outcomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Fergusson ◽  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
L. John Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Welfare Dependence

BackgroundIt is unclear how the recurrence of major depression in adolescence affects later life outcomes.AimsTo examine the associations between the frequency of major depression at ages 16–21 and later outcomes, both before and after controlling for potentially confounding factors.MethodData were gathered from a 25-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children (n=982). Outcome measures included DSM–IV symptom criteria for major depression and anxiety disorders, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide, achieving university degree or other tertiary education qualification, welfare dependence and unemployment, and income at ages 21–25 years.ResultsThere were significant (P<0.05) associations between the frequency of depression at ages 16–21 years and all outcome measures. After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between frequency of depression and all mental health outcomes, and welfare dependence and unemployment, remained significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe frequency of depression in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with adverse mental health and economic outcomes in early adulthood.

Major depression and cigarette smoking: results of a 21-year longitudinal study

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. FERGUSSON ◽  
R. D. GOODWIN ◽  
L. J. HORWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Background. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between major depression and cigarette smoking among young adults in a birth cohort before and after adjusting for confounding factors.Method. Data were gathered over the course of the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). The CHDS is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children studied to age 21. Data were gathered by interview on: (a) major depression over the period 16–21 years; (b) daily smoking and nicotine dependence over the period from 16–21 years. In addition, the study included extensive information on social, family, and behavioural factors in childhood and adolescence.Results. Young people meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depression had elevated rates of daily smoking and nicotine dependence. These associations were reduced substantially by control for potential confounding child and adolescent factors. Nonetheless, even after such control, major depression was associated with increased rates of daily smoking (IRR=1·19; 95% CI=1·03, 1·39) and elevated rates of nicotine dependence (OR=1·75; 95% CI=1·13, 2·70).Conclusions. The results suggest that much of the association between smoking and depression reflects common confounding factors that are associated with both outcomes. Nonetheless, even after control for these factors there is evidence of a possible causal linkage between smoking and depression. The direction of causality between smoking and depression remains unknown.

scholarly journals Associations of Mental Health and Chronic Physical Illness During Childhood With Major Depression in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Rachel Bergmans ◽  
Jacqui Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Illness Burden ◽  
Childhood Mental Health

Abstract While poor health in childhood has implications for mental health years later, less is known regarding its long-term impact. We determined whether childhood chronic physical illness burden was associated with major depression (MD) in later life (i.e., &gt;50 years), and tested mediation by childhood mental health status using path analysis. Data came from the 2016 U.S. Health and Retirement Study (n=18,047). One standard deviation increase in childhood chronic physical illness burden was associated with 1.21 (95% CI = 1.12, 1.30) times higher odds of MD in later life. Childhood mental health status explained 57.8% (95% CI: 35.2, 80.4) of this association. Results indicated that the relationship of chronic physical illness burden in childhood with MD in later life was mediated by childhood mental health status. Whether greater screening for psychiatric-related symptoms in childhood or review of health histories in later life can reduce the burden of MD requires further study.

Early adolescent friendships aid behavioural and neural responses to social exclusion in young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Moreno-Lopez ◽  
Maria R Dauvermann ◽  
Benedetta Vai ◽  
Nadia González-García ◽  
Sofia Orellana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Poor Mental Health

Childhood adversity (CA) is one of the strongest predictors of poor mental health in adolescents. CA is thought to contribute to mental health vulnerability by increased sensitivity to social rejection in later life. Here, we examined whether in a CA vulnerable group friendship quality at age 14 contributes to resilient functioning by age 24 through reducing emotional and neural stress responses to social rejection. Sixty-six participants aged 24 and from a prospective cohort study (ROOTS, N = 1238) underwent brain imaging while playing Cyberball. Resilient functioning at age 24 was quantified as ‘psychological functioning that was better than in others with similar CA experiences’. We found that friendship quality at 14 years predicted stronger emotional changes and increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) responses to peer rejection. Resilient functioning per se was associated with similar increased emotional and DMPFC responses. Exploratory mediation analyses showed that friendship quality predicted resilient functioning through increased emotional responses at the end of the assessment day. Our findings suggest that friendship quality at age 14 contributes to resilient functioning at age 24 by increasing sensitivity to positive experiences and improving brain activity thought to represent emotion regulation in response to negative social experiences in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge regarding hypertension and its preventive measures among students of Government Science College of North Gujarat region, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Gaurang Gunvantbhai Rathod ◽  
Namrata J. Vadodariya ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Science College ◽  
Baseline Knowledge

Background: Many adult health problems e.g. hypertension, diabetes has their early origins in early adulthood, because this is the time when lifestyles are formed.  Objective of this study was  to determine the level of awareness among college students regarding hypertension and its preventive measures before and after educational interventional training.Methods: An interventional study conducted in college students of Government Science college of Vadnagar city, Gujarat. Duration of the study was March to October 2019. Total 100 students between the age group of 17-19 were included after written informed consent. Baseline knowledge of students regarding hypertension and its preventive measures was assessed by pre-designed, pre-tested and semi structured questionnaire. Single educational interventional training for 45 minutes was given to selected students. Post- intervention knowledge of students for the same was assessed after training. Thus, collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version).Results: Baseline knowledge of the students regarding normal range of blood pressure, risk factors of hypertension and signs and symptoms of hypertension was 21%, 30% and 40% respectively which was significantly increased to 64%, 79% and 72% respectively after educational intervention. Baseline knowledge of the students regarding preventive measures of hypertension like avoiding junk food/ healthy diet, exercise and meditation was 26%, 29% and 6% respectively which was significantly increased to 79%, 81% and 72% respectively after educational intervention.Conclusions: Efforts should be directed towards educating the college students about hypertension to change their lifestyles and reduce the incidence of hypertension in later life.

Adipokines as Potential Biomarkers in the Neurorehabilitation of Obese Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Irene Ciancarelli ◽  
Giovanni Morone ◽  
Marco Iosa ◽  
Stefano Paolucci ◽  
Loris Pignolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Forward Stepwise ◽  
Clinical Measures

Background: Limited studies concern the influence of obesity-induced dysregulation of adipokines in functional recovery after stroke neurorehabilitation. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum leptin, resistin, and adiponectin and functional recovery before and after neurorehabilitation of obese stroke patients. The adipokine potential significance as prognostic markers of rehabilitation outcomes was also verified. Methods: Twenty obese post-acute stroke patients before and after neurorehabilitation and thirteen obese volunteers without-stroke, as controls, were examined. Adipokines were determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Functional deficits were assessed before and after neurorehabilitation with the Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results: Compared to controls, higher leptin and resistin values and lower adiponectin values were observed in stroke patients before neurorehabilitation and no correlations were found between adipokines and clinical outcome measures. Neurorehabilitation was associated with improved scores of BI, mRS, and FIM. After neurorehabilitation, decreased values of Body Mass Index (BMI) and resistin together increased adiponectin were detected in stroke patients, while leptin decreased but not statistically. Comparing adipokine values assessed before neurorehabilitation with the outcome measures after neurorehabilitation, correlations were observed for leptin with BI-score, mRS-score, and FIM-score. No other adipokine levels nor BMI assessed before neurorehabilitation correlated with the clinical measures after neurorehabilitation. The forward stepwise regression analysis identified leptin as prognostic factor for BI, mRS, and FIM. Conclusions: Our data show the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation in modulating adipokines levels and suggest that leptin could assume the significance of biomarker of functional recovery.

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