White matter volume changes in people who develop psychosis

BackgroundGrey matter changes have been described in individuals who are pre- and peri-psychotic, but it is unclear if these changes are accompanied by changes in white matter structures.AimsTo determine whether changes in white matter occur prior to and with the transition to psychosis in individuals who are pre-psychotic who had previously demonstrated grey matter reductions in frontotemporal regions.MethodWe used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine regional white matter volume in 75 people with prodromal symptoms. A subset of the original group (n=21) were rescanned at 12–18 months to determine white matter volume changes. Participants were retrospectively categorised according to whether they had or had not developed psychosis at follow-up.ResultsComparison of the baseline MRI data from these two subgroups revealed that individuals who later developed psychosis had larger volumes of white matter in the frontal lobe, particularly in the left hemisphere. Longitudinal comparison of data in individuals who developed psychosis revealed a reduction in white matter volume in the region of the left fronto-occipital fasciculus. Participants who had not developed psychosis showed no reductions in white matter volume but increases in a region subjacent to the right inferior parietal lobule.DiscussionThe reduction in volume of white matter near the left fronto-occipital fasciculus may reflect a change in this tract in association with the onset of frank psychosis.

Download Full-text

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry in children with nonlesional epilepsy, does it help?

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-021-00409-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ehab Ali Abdelgawad ◽

Samir M. Mounir ◽

Marah M. Abdelhay ◽

Mohammed A. Ameen

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

White Matter ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Normal Group ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Matter Volume ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures. It affects up to 1% of the population worldwide. Children with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative (or “nonlesional”) focal epilepsy constitute the most challenging pharmacoresistant group undergoing pre-neurosurgical evaluation. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (VMRI) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique done to measure the volume and structure of specific regions of the brain. It is useful for many things, but primarily for discovering atrophy (wasting away of body tissue) and measuring its progression. The aim of this study is to assess role of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of nonlesional childhood epilepsy in which no specific findings detected in conventional MRI. Results There were 20 children with normal MRI brain volumetry (33.3%) and 40 children (66.6%) with abnormal MRI brain volumetry. Grey matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly higher (P value was 0.001*) than the normal group (mean ± S.D 934.04 ± 118.12 versus 788.57 ± 57.71 respectively). White matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 217.79 ± 65.22 versus 418.07 ± 103.76 respectively). Right hippocampus CA4-DG volume in the abnormal volume group was found to be significantly smaller (P value < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.095 ± 0.04 versus 0.32 ± 0.36 respectively). Right hippocampus subiculum volume in the abnormal volume group were found to be significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.42 ± 0.11 versus 0.84 ± 0.09 respectively). Thalamus volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value 0.048*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 10.235 ± 3.22 versus 11.82 ± 0.75 respectively). Right thalamus was significantly smaller (P value was 0.028*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 5.01 ± 1.62 versus 5.91 ± 0.39 respectively). The sensitivity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The sensitivity of white matter volume and grey matter volume and thalamus was 85% and 75% and 55% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 90% and 90% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG and grey matter volume and white matter volume and total hippocampus and thalamus was 100%. The specificity of brain volume was 60%. The accuracy of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The specificity of white matter volume, grey matter volume, thalamus, total hippocampus, and brain volume was 97%, 87%, 65%, 61%, and 57% respectively. Conclusion Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging technique that can provide assistance in evaluation of nonlesional pharmacoresistant childhood epilepsy.

Download Full-text

Causal effect of atrial fibrillation on brain white or grey matter volume: A Mendelian randomization study

10.1101/2020.12.17.20248314 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sehoon Park ◽

Soojin Lee ◽

Yaerim Kim ◽

Semin Cho ◽

Kwangsoo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

White Matter ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Volume Loss ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and brain volume loss are prevalent in older individuals. Further study investigating the causal effect of AF on brain volume is warranted.MethodsThis study was a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The genetic instrument for AF was constructed from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis and included 537,409 individuals of European ancestry. The outcome summary statistics for quantile-normalized white or grey matter volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging were provided by the previous GWAS of 8426 white British UK Biobank participants. The main MR method was the inverse variance weighted method, supported by sensitivity MR analysis including MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. The causal estimates from AF to white or grey matter volume were further adjusted for effects of any stroke or ischemic stroke by multivariable MR analysis.ResultsA higher genetic predisposition for AF (one standard deviation increase) was significantly associated with lower white matter volume [beta −0.128 (−0.208, −0.048)] but not grey matter volume [beta −0.041 (−0.101, 0.018)], supported by all utilized sensitivity MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis indicated that AF is causally linked to lower white matter volume independent of the stroke effect.ConclusionsAF is a causative factor for white matter volume loss. The effect of AF on grey matter volume was inapparent in this study. A future trial is necessary to confirm whether appropriate AF management can be helpful in preventing cerebral white matter volume loss or related brain disorders in AF patients.

Download Full-text

Overlapping syndrome mimicking infectious meningoencephalitis in a patient with MOG and GFAP IgG

10.21203/rs.3.rs-58053/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Su-qiong Ji ◽

Chen-chen Liu ◽

Bi-tao Bu

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Oral Prednisolone ◽

Pulse Therapy ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Early Screening ◽

Steroid Pulse ◽

Csf Analysis ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Right

Abstract Background The presence of CNS overlapping autoimmune syndrome is not uncommon, but only one case of overlapping syndrome with coexistence of MOG-IgG and GFAP-IgG had been reported. This is the first reported case of these double antibodies positive presenting as clinical meningoencephalitis. Case presentation: A 23-year-old woman presented with transient convulsions,loss of consciousness, persistent fever, headache and vomiting. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed elevated cellularity, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. She remained fever and headache with antiviral and antibiotic treatment for two weeks, then was treated with empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment and oral prednisolone therapy. She followed up at 3 months from presentation with symptoms improved and normal CSF analysis. 3-month follow-up MRI performed asymmetric lesions in the cerebellum, corona radiata, and white matter with enhancement. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued and steroid was discontinued. After She stopped taking the prednisolone, interrupted headache gradually appeared. MRI at 4 months after presentation revealed partial reduced extent of lesions, but enlarged areas in left cerebellum and right parietal white matter, as well as a new lesion in the region of the right ependyma with linearly enhancement. Screening for anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody were positive in CSF by transfected cell-based assay. She was diagnosed with overlapping syndrome of MOG‑IgG‑associated disease and GFAP astrocytopathy and received steroid pulse therapy (methylprednisolone 1 g for 5 days) followed by a gradual tapering of oral prednisolone, as well as addition of immunosuppressant (tacrolimus, 3 mg per day). 6 months after the patient’s initial presentation, no symptom was found, MRI showed the lesions had obviously diminished and no enhancement was found. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of overlapping syndrome with coexistence of MOG-IgG and GFAP-IgG presenting as clinical meningoencephalitis. The early screening of autoantibodies against CNS antigens was of great importance for the patient suspected of intracranial infection to make the definite diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Predicting sleep quality from brain white matter volume: A voxel-based morphometry study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-747264/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Youling Bai ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Chengwei Liu ◽

Xiaobing Cui ◽

Li Dan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Quality Data ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Brain White Matter ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Most previous studies have explored the relationship between gray matter volume and sleep quality, but little is known about the relationship between white matter volume and sleep quality. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and voxel-based morphometry among 352 healthy college students. Results showed that the global PSQI score was negatively associated with the white matter volume, including in the right middle occipital gyrus, the left superior temporal gyrus, the right the precentral gyrus, the left supramarginal gyrus, the left middle frontal gyrus, the left precunes, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Results also indicated that the white matter volume in specific regions negatively predicted the factor of PSQI. These specific brain regions may be replicated in brain areas related to sleep quality. In summary, we suggested that an investigation of white matter structural alterations in the specific regions might be beneficial to tackle underlying neurological mechanisms of sleep quality.

Download Full-text

Global and regional volume changes in the brains of patients with phenylketonuria

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000204415.39853.4a ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (7) ◽

pp. 1074-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

B. Pérez-Dueñas ◽

J. Pujol ◽

C. Soriano-Mas ◽

H. Ortiz ◽

R. Artuch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Periventricular White Matter ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Matter Volume

Background: Although phenylketonuria is a treatable disease, patients with late or nonoptimal phenylalanine-restricted diet may experience brain damage. The authors used tridimensional MRI and a voxelwise analysis method to investigate possible volume changes in the brain parenchyma of patients with phenylketonuria.Methods: The authors assessed 27 treated patients (mean age ± SD, 20 ± 7 years) and 27 matched control subjects. Global tissue volumes were compared, and statistical parametric maps of between-group regional volume differences were obtained for gray and white matter. Anatomic data were correlated with relevant clinical and biochemical variables.Results: Patients with phenylketonuria showed smaller gray matter volumes that were associated with lower IQ and older age at diagnosis. Voxel-based maps revealed that significant gray matter volume reduction occurred in motor and premotor cortex and thalamus. A relative increase in gray matter volume was observed in the ventral part of the striatum. The authors found no group differences for global white matter measurements. Higher recent phenylalanine levels, however, were associated with larger global white matter volume in early-treated patients. Voxel-based maps showed a relative volume reduction in periventricular white matter and a relative increase in the region of the internal capsule, extending to the adjacent thalamus and striatum.Conclusions: Treated patients may show significant gray and white matter volume changes related to the duration and strict observation of dietary treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the presence of neurologic symptoms may be explained by specific anatomic alterations.

Download Full-text