scholarly journals William Cullen's bicentenary

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kendell
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
New World ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Benjamin Rush ◽  
Theory Of Medicine ◽  
The Chairs ◽  
William Cullen

William Cullen (1710–1790) was the greatest teacher of clinical medicine in Britain in the 18th century. He was born in Hamilton in Lanarkshire and began his career in Glasgow where he held the chair of chemistry and was one of the founders of the medical school. In 1755 he moved to Edinburgh with its already flourishing medical school and its new hospital, the Royal Infirmary, and there he held in succession the chairs of chemistry, the institutes (theory) of medicine and the practice of physic. Together with Alexander Monroe he made Edinburgh the most famous medical school in the Western world and students came from far and wide to be taught by him – from England, Scotland and Ireland, from the Americas and the West Indies and from the Continent. Like Boerhaave, his reputation rested mainly on his gifts as a teacher and it is clear that his students idolised him. Benjamin Rush, the founder of the first medical school in the New World in Philadelphia, America's first psychiatrist and one of the signatories of the American Declaration of Independence, wrote of him that “It is scarcely possible to do justice to this great man's Character either as a scholar, a physician, or a Man”.

On Being a Medical Student in the 1930s

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
R. H. Girdwood
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
University Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Male House

From a Minute Book which has survived the years, an account is given of matters discussed by the Clinical Medicine Board of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in the 1930s. This Board consisted of the senior physicians in the hospital and the records give an indication of the excessively large number of students who were all having their clinical experience in the wards of the one hospital. In addition to the University students there were others studying for the Triple Qualification of the Royal Colleges. The pressure of this teaching on staff and patients was considerable. It was decided to transfer some of the tuition to Craigleith Hospital which became the Western General. In 1939 the male house doctors were awaiting their call-up. The administrators had to consider arrangements for the continuation of teaching if bombing took place. In March 1941 the Polish Medical School was organised in Edinburgh

Across the Himalayan Gap: An Indian Quest for Understanding China. Edited by Tan Chung. [New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and Gyan Publishing House, 1998. ISBN 81-212-0585-9.]

2002 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 477-502
Author(s):  
John Garver
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
World Order ◽  
Western World ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
The Arts ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Considerable Detail

This is a fascinating book essential for anyone seeking to understand contemporary China–India relations. It presents in considerable detail and from a number of different perspectives the strategic vision of a coalition of China and India struggling in common to create a new world economic–political order in greater comport with the interests and values of the peoples of the non-Western world. This vision of Sino-Indian co-operation in building a new world order was posited as the desirable end-goal of the process of Sino-Indian rapprochement presided over by Indian Congress Party and Chinese leaders beginning in 1988.

scholarly journals Earlier Introduction to Job Applications for UK Medical Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Fourth Year Medical Students

As fourth year medical students at a London medical school, we have welcomed the new changes to our MBBS curriculum whereby traditional pre-clinical medical students are now being exposed to clinical medicine earlier on. Although we do not directly benefit from this, we feel that an earlier introduction to clinics would have been more beneficial as our first clinical year would have been more productive having already adjusted to clinical medicine.

Toward a University Standard of Medical Education, 1890-1920

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Neville Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Western World ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
Study Of Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

In the waning years of the nineteenth century, despite (or perhaps because of) the inroads of laboratory science, uncertainty still hung heavy over the future shape of the medical curriculum. Although currents of change now flowed freely through the medical schools and conditions of study were shifting in every country, agreement was far from universal on such primary questions as the place of science and the laboratory in medical study, how clinical medicine should best be taught, the best way to prepare for medical study, the order of studies, minimal requirements for practice, and the importance of postgraduate study. “Perturbations and violent readjustments,” an American professor told his audience in 1897, marked the life of every medical school in this “remarkable epoch in the history of medicine.” Similar to the era of change a century before, students were again confronted with bewildering choices. Old questions long thought settled rose in new form. Did the practical study of medicine belong in a university at all? Was bedside instruction still needed by every student in training, or was the superbly conducted clinical demonstration not as good or even better? Should students perform experiments themselves in laboratories so as to understand the real meaning of science and its promise for medicine, or was it a waste of valuable time for the vast majority? And what about the university—now the home of advanced science, original research work, and the scientific laboratory—was it to be the only site to learn the medicine of the future? What about the still numerous hospital and independent schools, the mainstay of teaching in Anglo- America in 1890—did they still have a place in the teaching of medicine? Amidst the often clamorous debates on these and other questions, the teaching enterprise was still shaped by strong national cultural differences. In the final years of the century, the Western world was experiencing a new sense of national identity and pride that ran through developments in science and medicine as well as politics. The strident nationalism and industrial-scientific strength of a united Germany, evident to physicians studying there, thoroughly frightened many in the rest of Europe.

“Alkaline Doctor” and “A Dangerous Innovator”

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-117
Author(s):  
Richard J. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Successful Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benjamin Rush ◽  
James Watt ◽  
Humphry Davy ◽  
Joseph Black ◽  
William Cullen

In 1795 Barker read Lavoisier’s chemistry, experimented on tainted meat made edible by soaking in alkalis, and began using alkaline therapy such a limewater. He wrote about this to Samuel Mitchill and Benjamin Rush, telling them that he had been called a “dangerous innovator.” A brief history of the acid/alkali debates of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries includes information about Otto Tachenius, John Colbatch, Hermann Boerhaave, George Ernst Stahl, William Cullen, Joseph Black, and Antoine Lavoisier. Barker wrote about his experiments, azotic air (nitrogen), and his difficulty understanding the mechanism of this apparently successful therapy. His results were published in the Medical Repository, beginning a correspondence with Samuel Latham Mitchill, professor of chemistry at Columbia University. Contributors to the discussion of alkalis included David Hosack, Thomas Beddoes and James Watt, Humphry Davy, and Matthew Carey. Comments by Charles Rosenberg, John Harley Warner, Lester King, and others help us make sense of medical science and the acid/alkali battle.

scholarly journals Caribbean Spaces and Anglophone World Literatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Jan Rupp
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
New World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Old World ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Anglophone World

AbstractCaribbean writing in English highlights the call for a pluralization of world literature(s) in a double sense. It is produced in multiple Caribbean spaces, both domestic and diasporic, and it clearly stands for the extension of what used to be a rather small set of (Western) world literature. Moreover, not least as a legacy of the colonial New World/Old World distinction, visions of the world are at the heart of the Caribbean spatial imaginary as probed in many literary works. This article explores the trajectory of Caribbean spaces and Anglophone world literatures as a matter of migration and circulation, but also in terms of the symbolic translation by which experiences of movement and space are aesthetically mediated. Because of its global span across different locations Caribbean writing in English is constituted as world literature almost by definition. However, some works pursue a more circumscribed concern with domestic spaces and local artistic idioms, which affects their translatability and redefines a conventional ‘from national to world literature’ narrative.

Slavery in the Americas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Paquette ◽  
Mark M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
New World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forced Relocation ◽  
Western European ◽  
Ethnic Origins

This article presents a general discussion of slavery in the Americas. Slavery in the Americas pre-dated Columbus, but once taking root in the Americas under western European auspices, acquired a predominantly commercial character whose benefaction to the sustained economic growth of the Western world no serious scholar can any longer doubt. The introduction of slavery into the New World affected indigenous peoples in many ways, sometimes drawing them into the orbit of slave society, sometimes alienating them from it, and sometimes augmenting a preexisting commitment to different types of slavery already practiced by some of those societies. The experiences of the enslaved also varied depending in factors such as the ethnic origins of the slave, the timing of his or her forced relocation to the Americas, the type and size of plantation, and the particular proclivities and personalities of the master and mistress.

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