A Framework and Case Study for Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment of Incrementally Expanding Buildings

This study proposes a framework for incorporating time-dependent fragility into large-scale risk assessment models, focusing on incremental building expansion as a significant driver of changes in vulnerability. In rapidly urbanizing areas in developing countries, the pay-as-you-go process of informal building construction and staged expansion is the de facto pattern of growth. While there is a common understanding that such expansions increase the earthquake vulnerability of buildings, this study proposes a framework to model and quantify this increase. Vulnerability curves are developed through incremental dynamic structural analysis for common building expansion typologies. Building expansions are modeled as Markov chain processes and used to simulate stochastic expansion sequences over a building's lifetime. The model is then used to simulate a hypothetical neighborhood in the Kathmandu valley area to understand neighborhood-level risk over time. The study provides a new methodology to analyze changing seismic risk over time, driven by any building modification that impacts the building's vulnerability (incremental expansion, deterioration, retrofit, etc.).

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Coordinating Knowledge Work in Multiteam Programs

Project Management Journal ◽

10.1177/8756972818798980 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 64-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Torgeir Dingsøyr ◽

Nils Brede Moe ◽

Eva Amdahl Seim

Keyword(s):

Software Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Development Program ◽

Knowledge Work ◽

Agile Development ◽

Development Projects ◽

Development Programs ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Over Time

Software development projects have undergone remarkable changes with the arrival of agile development approaches. Although intended for small, self-managing teams, these approaches are used today for large development programs. A major challenge of such programs is coordinating many teams. This case study describes the coordination of knowledge work in a large-scale agile development program with 12 teams. The findings highlight coordination modes based on feedback, the use of a number of mechanisms, and how coordination practices change over time. The findings can improve the outcomes of large knowledge-based development programs by tailoring coordination practices to needs over time.

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On biases of attention in scientific discovery

Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1036 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Uriel Singer ◽

Kira Radinsky ◽

Eric Horvitz

Keyword(s):

Missing Data ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scientific Discovery ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Over Time

Abstract Summary How do nuances of scientists’ attention influence what they discover? We pursue an understanding of the influences of patterns of attention on discovery with a case study about confirmations of protein–protein interactions over time. We find that modeling and accounting for attention can help us to recognize and interpret biases in large-scale and widely used databases of confirmed interactions and to better understand missing data and unknowns. Additionally, we present an analysis of how awareness of patterns of attention and use of debiasing techniques can foster earlier discoveries. Availability and implementation The data is freely available athttps://github.com/urielsinger/PPI-unbias.

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A Note on Risk Factors for Calf Mortality in Large-Scale Dairy Farms in the Tropics : A Case Study on Rift Valley Area of Kenya

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2001.855 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 855-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. O. Bebe ◽

S. A. Abdulrazak ◽

P. O. Ogore ◽

J. O. Ondiek ◽

T. Fujihara

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Calf Mortality ◽

The Tropics ◽

Valley Area

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Large-Scale Field Validation and Practical Application of a Multi-Well Thermal Interaction Model for Temperature Simulation

10.2118/204104-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Albert R. McSpadden ◽

Ruggero Trevisan ◽

Stig Arne Stene ◽

Anita Vonheim

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scale Validation ◽

Thermal Interaction ◽

Practical Application ◽

Temperature Environment ◽

Complex Temperature ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Abstract The wellbore and formation temperature environment around a system of multiple wells in close proximity is complex. Temperature simulation and prediction for a single isolated well is simplified by axisymmetric assumptions. Realistic multi-well environments do not have obvious symmetry and are interactive given different operating states including possibly a mix of producer versus injector wells. A simulation model of thermal interaction between closely spaced wells has been developed in a collaborative project. A large-scale validation of the model is presented here. An important field application is presented for a subsea well template where movement tolerances must be tightly controlled. Large-scale validation was conducted for an offshore platform development where more than 30 wells were drilled and brought onto production over a period of 4-5 years. As each well was drilled and completed, temperature logs where recorded which thereby gave a digital signature of the complex thermal environment below mudline as it evolved over time. The simulation model temperature for each well was corroborated against well temperature logs. A simultaneous boundary-condition of flowing wellhead temperatures and pressures for each well was compared against the model predictions. Also, a detailed predictive case study is presented for a 6 well subsea template. Model temperatures were used to assess the impact of cement height on wellhead movement within the template structure which featured lockdowns and tight tolerances on allowable movement within the housing profile. Predicted temperatures from the multi-well model agree closely with logs and correlate closely with characteristic temperature excursions from geothermal below the mudline down to the well path kick-off zone. Since the logs occur over time and account for a changing well population, the model is shown to accurately capture the time evolution of the complex temperature environment. The model explains unusual temperature log signatures as the result of sidetracks and the radial extent of heat affected zones from the parent wellbore. The subsea case study highlights the importance of predicting the complex multi-well temperature environment by demonstrating its impact on the wellhead movement given the uncertainty of cement tops for deeper shoes of combined conductor/surface casings. This learning informs subsea template design and selection with port options for cement grout and top-up jobs. Although the multi-well temperature model has been presented previously along with some field data validation, the large-scale study presented provides further and significant model validation. Extensive data over time and corroboration with unusual temperature log phenomena demonstrate model accuracy. The utilization of the model in the design and specification of a subsea template development provides a real-world example and demonstrates practical application as well as its usefulness.

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A Family With Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/1059-0889.0501.23 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chris Halpin ◽

Barbara Herrmann ◽

Margaret Whearty

Keyword(s):

Speech Production ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Role Models ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Large Scale ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

The Family ◽

Patient Will ◽

Language Pathology

The family described in this article provides an unusual opportunity to relate findings from genetic, histological, electrophysiological, psychophysical, and rehabilitative investigation. Although the total number evaluated is large (49), the known, living affected population is smaller (14), and these are spread from age 20 to age 59. As a result, the findings described above are those of a large-scale case study. Clearly, more data will be available through longitudinal study of the individuals documented in the course of this investigation but, given the slow nature of the progression in this disease, such studies will be undertaken after an interval of several years. The general picture presented to the audiologist who must rehabilitate these cases is that of a progressive cochlear degeneration that affects only thresholds at first, and then rapidly diminishes speech intelligibility. The expected result is that, after normal language development, the patient may accept hearing aids well, encouraged by the support of the family. Performance and satisfaction with the hearing aids is good, until the onset of the speech intelligibility loss, at which time the patient will encounter serious difficulties and may reject hearing aids as unhelpful. As the histological and electrophysiological results indicate, however, the eighth nerve remains viable, especially in the younger affected members, and success with cochlear implantation may be expected. Audiologic counseling efforts are aided by the presence of role models and support from the other affected members of the family. Speech-language pathology services were not considered important by the members of this family since their speech production developed normally and has remained very good. Self-correction of speech was supported by hearing aids and cochlear implants (Case 5’s speech production was documented in Perkell, Lane, Svirsky, & Webster, 1992). These patients received genetic counseling and, due to the high penetrance of the disease, exhibited serious concerns regarding future generations and the hope of a cure.

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