Measuring Improvements in the Disaster Resilience of Communities

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Chang ◽  
Masanobu Shinozuka
Keyword(s):  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
New Research

This paper demonstrates the concept of disaster resilience through the development and application of quantitative measures. As the idea of building disaster-resilient communities gains acceptance, new methods are needed that go beyond estimating monetary losses and that address the complex, multiple dimensions of resilience. These dimensions include technical, organizational, social, and economic facets. This paper first proposes resilience measures that relate expected losses in future disasters to a community's seismic performance objectives. It then demonstrates these measures in a case study of the Memphis, Tennessee, water delivery system. An existing earthquake loss estimation model provides a starting point for quantifying resilience. The analysis compares two seismic retrofit strategies and finds that only one improves community resilience over the status quo. However, it does not raise resilience to an adequate degree. The exercise demonstrates that the resilience framework can be valuable for guiding mitigation and preparedness efforts. However, to fully implement the concept, new research on resilience is needed that goes beyond loss estimation modeling.

scholarly journals Estimation of Above-Ground Mangrove Biomass Using Landsat-8 Data- Derived Vegetation Indices: A Case Study in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 506-525
Author(s):  
Hai-Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Huy Duc Vu ◽  
Achim Röder
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accuracy Assessments ◽  
Quang Ninh

This study aimed to map the status of mangrove forests over the coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City in Quang Ninh Province by using 2019 Landsat-8 imagery. It then developed the AGB estimation model of mangrove forests based on the AGB estimation-derived plots inventory and vegetation indices-derived from Landsat-8 data. As results, there were five land covers identified, including mangrove forests, other vegetation, wetlands, built-up, and water, with the overall accuracy assessments of 80.0% and Kappa coefficient of 0.74. The total extent of mangrove forests was estimated at 4291.2 ha. The best AGB estimation model that was selected to estimate the AGB and AGC of mangrove forests for the whole coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City is AGB= 30.38 + 911.95*SAVI (R2=0.924, PValue <0.001). The model validation assessment has confirmed that the selected AGB model can be applied to Hai Ha and Mong Cai coasts with the mean difference between AGB observed and AGB predicted at 16.0 %. This satisfactory AGB model also suggests a good potential for AGB and AGC mapping, which offer the carbon trading market in the study site. As the AGB model selected, the total AGB and AGC of mangrove forests were estimated at about 14,600,000 tons and 6,868,076 tons with a range of from 94.0 - 432.0 tons ha-1, from 44.2 - 203.02 tons ha-1, respectively. It also suggests that the newly-developed AGB model of mangrove forests can be used to estimate AGC stocks and carbon sequestration of mangrove forests for C-PFES in over the coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City, which is a very importantly financial source for mangrove forest managers, in particular for local mangrove protectors.

IT 4 Regime Change: Networking around the State in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Media Use ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
Over Time

This chapter takes as a starting point Gene Sharp’s observation that, “the exercise of power depends on the consent of the ruled who, by withdrawing that consent can control and even destroy the power of their opponent” (Sharp, 1973, p. 4). While this observation applies across the three case studies at the core of this book, in the Egyptian state in particular, Internet use allowed citizens to experiment with withdrawing their consent, in ways that were destructive to the status quo over time, but subtle enough to go relatively undetected until the 25 January revolution. Having a voice, both online and off, resulted in, “the exchange of ideas, information and models” which “created an active citizenry” (Bayat, 2010, p. 247). Throughout the Egyptian case study, explanations for an empowered citizenry linked in part with new media use are considered.

scholarly journals Reenactment in Theatre

2022 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Daniela Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
World Premiere

Theatre, because of its ability to represent through restaging, would seem to be the quintessential platform for reenactment. The Orestea (una commedia organica?) by R. Castelluci and Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, restaged at the Paris Automne Festival in 2015, twenty years after its 1995 world premiere in Prato, is the starting point for a reflection on the status of restaging in theatre. This case study is the occasion to apply Walter Benjamin’s philosophical concept of the Jetztzeit to a theatrical context, and to consider also the ‘citational’ value of theatrical reenactment. These concepts are useful to study not only the reenactment of theatrical gesture and acting but also to consider the practice of restaging related to the theatrical event conceived in its entirety.

Earthquake Loss Estimation for Europe's Historic Town Centres

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina D'Ayala ◽  
Robin Spence ◽  
Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Antonios Pomonis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
Upgrading Strategies ◽  
Gis System

To support decision-making on upgrading strategies of historic city centres, loss estimation techniques are needed, suitable for application to masonry buildings. This paper describes the development and application of such techniques to a case study in the Alfama District of Lisbon. The project involved a survey of 200 buildings to investigate structural features and condition, mapped using a GIS system, followed by analysis of key collapse mechanisms to define static collapse loads under horizontal forces for each building. The results, obtained in terms of earthquake ground motions likely to produce equivalent damage, led to the development of vulnerability functions for the case study, verified by comparison with functions derived from statistical analysis of world-wide damage reports and with damage reports of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The method is used to predict the reduction in losses achieved by the introduction of low-cost unobtrusive strengthening techniques, such as tie-rods connecting facade walls to floors and cross-walls. Cost benefit analysis, considering only structural costs, indicates that the return on the investment would be considerable.

scholarly journals Community Based Disaster Risk Management: A Case Study of Mahakali River Basin, Kanchanpur

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Pariyar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
Hazard Education

Kanchanpur district is one of the disaster-prone districts identified by Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium (NRRC). Every year the community of Kanchanpur district are affected by multi-disaster primarily flood. The most communities are highly vulnerable due to the poverty, disadvantage caste and ethnicity, hazard, education etc. This study endeavour to explore the status of community initiative to build up disaster resilient. This study covers 10 villages of Mahakali river basin in Kanchanpur district. The villages are under the process of disaster resilience through establishing Community Disaster Management Committee (CDMC), who supports to get access to disaster risk reduction (DRR) information, vulnerability and capacity assessment and developing trained man power for preparedness and response.

An Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology for Buildings Based on ATC-13 and ATC-21

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. McCormack ◽  
Franz N. Rad
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Soft Story ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Mineral Industries

A survey of the seismic hazards for about 30,000 nonresidential buildings in Portland, Oregon was conducted, and an earthquake damage and loss estimation model was developed. To conduct the buildings survey, ATC-21's Rapid Screening Procedure was used. For each building the data included: address, year built, area, number of stories, building name, use, occupancy type, estimated range of number of people, nonstructural falling hazards, building type, and performance modifiers such as soft story and torsion. Soil data were provided by the Earthquake Hazard Maps published by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. The algorithm set up on the GIS was to compute the structural score based on ATC-21 score, modify the score based on the geologic condition of the site, and finally, compute the damage. The proposed loss estimation model is based on ATC-13, and the scoring system developed by ATC-21. The results are in terms of percent (or dollar) damage to buildings in the survey and loss of life and serious injuries.

scholarly journals Proxy advisory industry in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugasundaram Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research

Proxy advisory firms play a significant role in shareholder voting and in the formulation of corporate governance policy. This paper analyses the status of budding proxy advisory industry in India using a case study method. The paper first traces the history of the global proxy advisory industry and also reviews the literature. Then we study the Indian Proxy Advisory Industry, which was born when the market regulator SEBI came out with a regulation in 2010 on “mutual funds” shareholding resolution voting policy. Quickly, three proxy advisory firms came to the market with differing ownership structure. Indian financial market offered great potential for investment through institutional investors. However the institutional investors in India are traditionally restrained them from taking activist role by voting on the shareholder meeting proposals. This poses a challenge to Indian proxy advisory firms along with other challenges typical of an emerging industry. The proxy advisory firms need to overcome the challenges to ensure their success. This pioneering work on Indian proxy advisory industry would open up new research ideas

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