Setting Up Telemedicine: Internet of Things to Support Rural Oncology Clinics in a Low- and Middle-Income Country—A Pilot Project in Kenya

PURPOSE The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that involves all things connected to the Internet that share data over a network without requiring human-to-human interaction or human-to-computer interaction. Information collected from IoT devices can help physicians identify the best treatment process for patients and reach accurate and expected outcomes. METHODS The International Cancer Institute is partnering to set up remote oncology clinics in sub-Saharan Africa. Medical oncologists and expert teams from across the world connect with oncology clinics in other Kenyan counties—Kisumu, Meru, Makueni, Garissa, Kakamega, Bungoma, Siaya, and Vihiga counties. The furthest county is Garissa, approximately 651.1 km from Eldoret, and the nearest is Vihiga at 100.4 km from Eldoret. This study began July 2019, and as of November 30th, the team has hosted 21 sessions with an average of 11 participants attending a session led by a medical oncologist. RESULTS IoT devices have become a way by which a patient gets all the information he or she needs from a physician without going to the clinic. Patient monitoring can be done in real time, allowing access to real-time information with improved patient treatment outcomes and a decrease in cost. Through IoT-enabled devices, the International Cancer Institute has set up weekly virtual tumor boards during which cancer cases are presented and discussed by all participating counties. An online training module on cancer is also offered. Furthermore, remote monitoring of a patient’s health helps to reduce the length of hospital stay and prevents readmissions. CONCLUSION In our setting, which has a few oncologists, use of IoT and tumor boards has helped to improve patient decision support as well as training for general physicians.

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A Survey on Attacks and Defences on LoRaWAN Gateways

Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics - Decision Support Systems and Industrial IoT in Smart Grid, Factories, and Cities ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7468-3.ch002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-38

Author(s):

Olof Magnusson ◽

Rikard Teodorsson ◽

Joakim Wennerberg ◽

Stig Arne Knoph

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Long Range ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

The Internet ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Replay Attacks ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Set Up

LoRaWAN (long-range wide-area network) is an emerging technology for the connection of internet of things (IoT) devices to the internet and can as such be an important part of decision support systems. In this technology, IoT devices are connected to the internet through gateways by using long-range radio signals. However, because LoRaWAN is an open network, anyone has the ability to connect an end device or set up a gateway. Thus, it is important that gateways are designed in such a way that their ability to be used maliciously is limited. This chapter covers relevant attacks against gateways and potential countermeasures against them. A number of different attacks were found in literature, including radio jamming, eavesdropping, replay attacks, and attacks against the implementation of what is called beacons in LoRaWAN. Countermeasures against these attacks are discussed, and a suggestion to improve the security of LoRaWAN is also included.

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Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things

Securing the Internet of Things ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9866-4.ch057 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1260-1284

Author(s):

Laura Belli ◽

Simone Cirani ◽

Luca Davoli ◽

Gianluigi Ferrari ◽

Lorenzo Melegari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

Large Data ◽

The Internet ◽

Low Latency ◽

Stream Data ◽

Memory Processing ◽

Cloud Architecture ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as “Smart Objects” (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to “Big Stream” as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional “Big Data” concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.

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MIOT Framework, General Purpose Internet of Things Gateway using Smartphone

International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) ◽

10.3991/ijoe.v14i02.7326 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Toni Tegar Sahidi ◽

Achmad Basuki ◽

Herman Tolle

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

Best Practice ◽

General Purpose ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

The Internet ◽

Remote Controller ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Main Component ◽

And Control

Internet of things (IoT) is a complex system with few best practices in building ones, especially on handling real-time communication between IoT devices to the Internet. A framework is often used to fasten building IoT system. This paper present Mobile Internet of Things (MIOT), a framework which use a smartphone as the main component to handle communication between IoT device and the internet. A smartphone is used as the communication gateway (relay) for IoT devices and not as the IoT controller as in common Smartphone-IoT approach. For evaluation purpose, two implementations of IoT prototype scenario is built, an environmental monitoring and a remote controller (RC) car. The experiment shows a quick and easy deployment of IoT system. The Environment Monitoring able to send data to the server in real-time, and control The RC Car with a reasonable response time.The experiment on 200 ms interval between each packet, shows that MIOT Framework has round-trip latency between MIOT Server and IoT hardware for ≈ 88.007 ms. The addition of smartphone as the main component in the framework (MIOT Apps) contribute to additional latency ≈ 13.145 ms. Using a Smartphone as a gateway for IoT in MIOT Framework is possible and promising. It can be used as a best practice to develop a reliable IoT system which reduces time, effort, and learning overhead on building IoT systems.

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PROBLEMS AND SECURITY THREATS TO IOT DEVICES

Cybersecurity Education Science Technique ◽

10.28925/2663-4023.2021.11.3142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 31-42

Author(s):

Ivan Opirskyy ◽

Roman Holovchak ◽

Iryna Moisiichuk ◽

Tetyana Balianda ◽

Sofiia Haraniuk

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Information Transfer ◽

The Internet ◽

Security Threats ◽

Security Issues ◽

System Protection ◽

Extended Type ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Set Up ◽

The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things or IoT is billions of physical devices connected to the Internet. Its main premise is simply an extended type of connection, which can then be used as a basis for all kinds of functions. IoT describes a network of physical objects - "things" that are built into sensors, software and other technologies to connect and communicate with other devices and systems over the Internet. Problems of system protection, including the use of IoT devices are studied by many scientists and specialists in this field, but in today's world, not every manufacturer is ready to declare vulnerabilities and general insecurity of their products (devices). Throughout the IoT environment, from manufacturers to users, there are still many IoT security issues, such as manufacturing standards, update management, physical hardening, user knowledge and awareness. This article examines the vulnerabilities of the Internet of Things. The analysis of information transfer technologies of IoT devices (in particular ZigBee, Signfox and Bluetooth) is carried out. The most common threats that a user may encounter have been identified and analyzed. It is also established that usually not only the manufacturer poses a threat to the security of IoT devices. There are also a number of tips for users who want to reduce the risk of data leakage associated with vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for such devices to be incorrectly set up, used and stored. Extremely common is the user's refusal to update the software, which in turn leaves open those vulnerabilities that the manufacturer is trying to fix. The main purpose of the article is to determine the causes of security threats to the Internet of Things, by analyzing data transmission technologies, analysis of the threats themselves, identifying the most critical of them and ways to reduce the risk of data theft

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Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things

International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies ◽

10.4018/ijdst.2016010103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 37-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Laura Belli ◽

Simone Cirani ◽

Luca Davoli ◽

Gianluigi Ferrari ◽

Lorenzo Melegari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

Large Data ◽

The Internet ◽

Low Latency ◽

Stream Data ◽

Memory Processing ◽

Cloud Architecture ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things

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Bringing Security to The Smallest Embedded Systems

10.34048/2017.1.f5 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

JOSEPH YIU

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Embedded Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Security Requirements ◽

The Internet ◽

Security Measures ◽

Significant Challenge ◽

Iot Devices

The increasing need for security in microcontrollers Security has long been a significant challenge in microcontroller applications(MCUs). Traditionally, many microcontroller systems did not have strong security measures against remote attacks as most of them are not connected to the Internet, and many microcontrollers are deemed to be cheap and simple. With the growth of IoT (Internet of Things), security in low cost microcontrollers moved toward the spotlight and the security requirements of these IoT devices are now just as critical as high-end systems due to:

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Next Generation of SDN in Cloud-Fog for 5G and Beyond-Enabled Applications: Opportunities and Challenges

Network ◽

10.3390/network1010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 28-49

Author(s):

Ehsan Ahvar ◽

Shohreh Ahvar ◽

Syed Mohsan Raza ◽

Jose Manuel Sanchez Vilchez ◽

Gyu Myoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Data Sharing ◽

Mobile Networks ◽

The Other ◽

The Internet ◽

Hybrid Cloud ◽

Next Generation ◽

Delay Constraints ◽

Mission Critical ◽

Iot Devices

In recent years, the number of objects connected to the internet have significantly increased. Increasing the number of connected devices to the internet is transforming today’s Internet of Things (IoT) into massive IoT of the future. It is predicted that, in a few years, a high communication and computation capacity will be required to meet the demands of massive IoT devices and applications requiring data sharing and processing. 5G and beyond mobile networks are expected to fulfill a part of these requirements by providing a data rate of up to terabits per second. It will be a key enabler to support massive IoT and emerging mission critical applications with strict delay constraints. On the other hand, the next generation of software-defined networking (SDN) with emerging cloudrelated technologies (e.g., fog and edge computing) can play an important role in supporting and implementing the above-mentioned applications. This paper sets out the potential opportunities and important challenges that must be addressed in considering options for using SDN in hybrid cloud-fog systems to support 5G and beyond-enabled applications.

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