Evaluation of the antitumoral effect sunitinib eluting beads in VX2 liver tumour in a rabbit model.

247 Background: We demonstrated that DC Bead (Biocompatibles UK, Ltd) could be loaded with sunitinib and injected intra-arterially in the rabbit without unexpected toxicity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antitumoral effect of sunitinib eluting beads in the VX2 tumor model of liver cancer. Methods: VX2 tumors were implanted in the left liver lobe of New-Zealand white rabbits. Animals were assigned to 3 groups: Group 1 (n=6) received 1.5mg of sunitinib loaded in 0.05ml of 100-300um DC Bead, group 2 (n=5) received 0.05ml of 100-300um DC Bead, group 3 (n=5) received 0.05ml NaCl 0.9% in the left hepatic artery. One animal in each group was sacrificed at 24 hours and the others were followed for survival until day 15. Liver enzymes were measured daily. In group 1, plasmatic sunitinib concentration were measured daily by LC MS/MS tandem mass spectroscopy. At day 15 all living animals were sacrificed. After sacrifice, the livers were harvested for determination of the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity by western blot and histopathological examination. Results: In group 1, no animals died during follow-up. In group 2, 2 animals died during follow-up on day x. In control group 3, 3 animals died during follow up on day x. In group 1 plasmatic sunitinib levels remained under therapeutic concentration throughout the experiment. Very high concentrations of sunitinib were measured in the liver tissue 24 and 15 days after embolization. Inhibition of the phosphorylation of the RTK was demonstrated at 24h and 15 days in groups 1. Sunitinib eluting beads seemed to penetrate in the tumor more effectively and there was more necrosis around the beads than their bland counterparts. Conclusions: Administration of sunitinib eluting beads in VX2 carrying rabbits resulted invery high drug concentrations at the site of embolization with minimal systemic passage. Despite the very high tissular sunitinib concentration we did not observe any additional toxicity with loaded beads. Sunitinib eluting beads inhibit the activation of RTK’s triggered by ischemia and seem to prolong survival of the treated animals. Therefore we consider that local treatment with sunitinib may provide a promising approach for the treatment of liver cancer.

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Regional hemodynamic changes in nodular goiter

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl200955111-13 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

A E Ul'yanova ◽

L L Yarchenkova

Keyword(s):

Morphological Structure ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Hemodynamic Changes ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and diagnostic value of regional hemodynamic changes in the thyroid vessels and carotid beds in patients with different forms of nodular goiter in order to optimize further follow-up and treatment. The study covered 120patients aged 25 to 40years (mean age 32.82±0.36 years) who had nodular goiter. A control group comprised 30 women comparable by age (mean age 32. 06±0. 44 years), who had a morphologically and functionally unchanged thyroid. After examined, the patients with nodular goiter were divided into group according to the identified morphological forms. Group 1 consisted of25 (20.8%) women (mean age 34.85±0.89 years) with signs of nodular malignancies; Group 2 included 35 (29.2%) patients (mean age 32.08±0.78years) with detected adenomas; Group 3 comprised 40 (33.3%) patients (mean age 33.6±1.08years) with colloidal nodules, and Group consisted 20 (16.7%) women (mean age 32.87±0.9 years) with signs of cysts. The study and comparison of the linear and volume parameters of arterial ducts to the euthyroid loves in nodular pathology were made, by taking into account the site of an abnormal focus and its morphological structure. The linear and volumetric bloodflow rates in the thyroid arteries ipsilaterally to the abnormal nodular of any morphological structure were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05). Changes were revealed in blood flow parameters in the carotid bed in relation to the morphological structure of nodules.

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Intraocular Pressure Changes Are Predictive of Ocular Hypertension Onset After Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant: Significant Cutoffs and the Role of Previous DEX Implant

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.725349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Arrigo ◽

Emanuela Aragona ◽

Luigi Capone ◽

Carlo Di Biase ◽

Rosangela Lattanzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽

Control Group ◽

Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Pressure Changes ◽

Group 1

Background: Fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant represents a long-term strategy for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME). Because of the 3-year duration, the careful monitoring of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is necessary. The main aim of the study was to provide quantitative IOP cutoffs associated with the onset of IOP increases.Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted with 2-year of follow-up. We separately considered eyes with good IOP control (Group 1), eyes requiring IOP-lowering medications (Group 2) and eyes undergoing IOP-lowering surgery (Group 3). The statistical analysis assessed Delta% IOP changes over the 2-year follow-up. ROC analysis was performed to detect significant cutoffs associated with Group 2 and Group 3. IOP changes occurring after a previously administered dexamethasone (DEX) implant were also evaluated.Results: We included 48 eyes (48 patients), stratified as follows: Group 1 (25/48; 52%), Group 2 (19/48; 40%) and Group 3 (4/48; 8%). ROC analysis performed on IOP values detected 2-months later DEX implant showed a mean Delta IOP increase>24% significantly associated with IOP-lowering medications after FAc implant, whereas a mean Delta IOP increase>35% was significantly associated with IOP-lowering surgery after FAc implant. With respect to IOP changes occurred after FAc implant, our ROC analysis showed a mean Delta IOP increase>8% significantly associated with IOP-lowering medications, whereas a mean Delta IOP increase>15% was significantly associated with IOP-lowering surgery. DEX-related IOP changes showed 52% sensitivity and 100% specificity of FAc-related IOP increases.Conclusions: IOP changes provides clinically relevant cutoffs associated with the onset of FAc-related IOP increases.

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CONTENT MATTERS, FAKE OR NOT: MEDIA CONTENT INFLUENCE ON PERCEIVED INTERGROUP THREAT

AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research ◽

10.5210/spir.v2021i0.12246 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nili Steinfeld ◽

Sabina Lissitsa

Keyword(s):

Asylum Seekers ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Control Group ◽

Media Content ◽

Intergroup Threat ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

We investigate how consumption of media content leads to change in perception of an outgroup, and how is such change affected when the content is presented as false. 403 Israeli participants filled out a questionnaire measuring realistic and symbolic threat towards EU asylum seekers (EUAS). after 10-14 days, participants read an article about EUAS. Group 1 read a positive article, group 2 read a negative article and group 3 read the same negative article, followed by a disclaimer notifying that fact-check websites found the facts in the article misleading and false. Group 4 read a neutral report and a control group did not read an article. A follow-up questionnaire measured perceived threat towards EUAS again, as well as participant’s evaluation of the articles. The finding show that media content has an immediate effect on perceived threat towards EUAS, and the relevant perceived threat emphasized in each article was significantly changed in the direction of the article (positively/negatively). The change was similar in the case of the negative article presented as a fake article. Further analysis shows that participants evaluated the fake article similarly to the negative article which was not presented as fake. Apparently, in each group the evaluation of the article (reliability, professionalism, convincingness, or objectivity) significantly correlated with participant prior perceived threat towards EUAS. It seems that prior attitude serves as a lens through which media consumers evaluate content, and the question of whether the facts are true becomes negligible compared to one’s own inclination and beliefs.

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Effects of posterior tibial slope on the mid-term results of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Arthroplasty ◽

10.1186/s42836-021-00070-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhijie Chen ◽

Kaizhe Chen ◽

Yufei Yan ◽

Jianmin Feng ◽

Yi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Postoperative Knee ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of medial posterior tibial slope (PTS) on mid-term postoperative range of motion (ROM) and functional improvement of the knee after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods Medical records of 113 patients who had undergone 124 medial UKAs between April 2009 through April 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up lasted 7.6 years (range, 6.2–11.2 years). Collected were demographic data, including gender, age, height, weight of the patients. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs of the operated knees were available in all patients. The knee function was evaluated during office follow-up or hospital stay. Meanwhile, postoperative PTS, ROM, maximal knee flexion and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score (pre−/postoperative) of the operated side were measured and assessed. According to the size of the PTS, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (<4°), group 2 (4° ~ 7°) and group 3 (>7°). The association between PTS and the knee function was investigated. Results In our cohort, the average PTS was 2.7° ± 0.6° in group 1, 5.6° ± 0.9° in group 2 and 8.7° ± 1.2° in group 3. Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences among them (p < 0.01). The average maximal flexion range of postoperative knees in each group was 112.4° ± 5.6°, 116.4° ± 7.2°, and 117.5° ± 6.1°, respectively, with significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05), and between group 1 and group 3 (p < 0.05). However, the gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) did not differ between three groups and there was no significant difference between groups in terms of pre−/postoperative HSS scores or postoperative knee ROM. Conclusion A mid-term follow-up showed that an appropriate PTS (4° ~ 7°) can help improve the postoperative flexion of knee. On the other hand, too small a PTS could lead to limited postoperative knee flexion. Therefore, the PTS less than 4° should be avoided during medial UKA.

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The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000515639 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emre Erdem ◽

Ahmet Karatas ◽

Tevfik Ecder

Keyword(s):

Serum Ferritin ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Rank Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group 1

Introduction: The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. Methods: A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin <800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin >1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. Results: Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, p = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; p = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; p = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; p = 0.063). Conclusion: Time-averaged serum ferritin levels >1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

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Etiology of Cartilage Lesions Does Not Affect Clinical Outcomes of Patellofemoral Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/19476035211030991 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194760352110309

Author(s):

Alexandre Barbieri Mestriner ◽

Jakob Ackermann ◽

Gergo Merkely ◽

Pedro Henrique Schmidt Alves Ferreira Galvão ◽

Luiz Felipe Morlin Ambra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Cartilage Lesion ◽

Chondrocyte Implantation ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Autologous Chondrocyte ◽

Group 1

Objective To determine the relationship between cartilage lesion etiology and clinical outcomes after second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. Methods A retrospective review of all patients that underwent ACI in the PFJ by a single surgeon was performed. Seventy-two patients with a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 2.0 years were enrolled in this study and were stratified into 3 groups based on the etiology of PFJ cartilage lesions: patellar dislocation (group 1; n = 23); nontraumatic lesions, including chondromalacia, osteochondritis dissecans, and degenerative defects (group 2; n = 28); and other posttraumatic lesions besides patellar dislocations (group 3; n = 21). Patient’s mean age was 29.6 ± 8.7 years. Patients in group 1 were significantly younger (25.4 ± 7.9 years) than group 2 (31.7 ± 9.6 years; P = 0.025) and group 3 (31.5 ± 6.6 years; P = 0.05). Body mass index averaged 26.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2, with a significant difference between group 1 (24.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2) and group 3 (28.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; P = 0.005). A clinical comparison was established between groups based on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and failure rates. Results Neither pre- nor postoperative PROMs differed between groups ( P > 0.05). No difference was seen in survivorship between groups (95.7% vs. 82.2% vs. 90.5%, P > 0.05). Conclusion Cartilage lesion etiology did not influence clinical outcome in this retrospective study after second generation ACI in the PFJ. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.

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A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94613-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽

Piotr Kwieciński ◽

Daria Balcerczyk ◽

Tomasz Kloskowski ◽

Dariusz Grzanka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Urinary Diversion ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Right ◽

Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

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Evaluation of the TGS TA system for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies

Microbiologia Medica ◽

10.4081/mm.2017.6583 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Arpino ◽

Annalisa Cianflone ◽

Maria Teresa Manco ◽

Alessia Paganini ◽

Massimo De Paschale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Avidity ◽

Past Infection ◽

Recent Infection ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Igg Avidity ◽

Avidity Test ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background and aims. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the new chemiluminescence TGS TA system of Technogenetics (Milan, Italy) for detecting anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies and IgG avidity. The TGS TA system was compared with our chemiluminescence routinely used system, LIAISON XL, supplied by Diasorin (Saluggia, Italy), for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies. Only in positive IgM samples (retrospective study) and for the IgG avidity (if existent), TGS TA system was compared to an Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) test (VIDAS, BioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France). Materials and methods. Three hundred and one sera samples, from women who came to our centre for the routine follow up pregnancy, were examined with the TGS TA system and divided in 3 groups according to IgG and IgM screening LIAISON XL tests: 106 were non-immune women (Group 1), 100 were pregnant with past infection (Group 2) and 95 were pregnant with positive or equivocal IgM (82 with positive IgG and 13 with negative IgG) (Group 3). Results. The overall concordance of the IgG results between LIAISON XL and TGS TA was 99.3%: 100% in Group 1, 98% in Group 2 and 100% in Group 3. The overall concordance of the IgM results between LIAISON XL and TGS TA was 93.9%: 100% in Group 1, 94% in Group 2 and 82.8% in Group 3. In Group 3, the concordance between the results of the IgG avidity with the ELFA and TGS TA tests was 81.7%. Comparing the clinical diagnosis obtained with our protocol and that of the TGS TA system, the overall concordance was 92.7%: 100% in Group 1, 92.0% in Group 2 and 78.9% in Group 3. Conclusions. The overall concordance of IgG antibodies is excellent for both protocols while for IgM antibodies is very high in the first group and lower in the third group, due to the presence of non-specific IgM subjects in this group. The TGS TA avidity test seems to predict ealier the maturation of the IgG compared to the ELFA test since many samples with low avidity with the ELFA were seen with moderate avidity with TGS TA and all those with borderline avidity with the ELFA were seen with high avidity with TGS TA. This system shows to be a valuable tool with overall good clinical correlation and able to clearly identify nonspecific subjects, those with a non-recent infection.

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Postoperative Morphine Use and Hyperalgesia Are Reduced by Preoperative but Not Intraoperative Epidural Analgesia

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200306000-00023 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1449-1460 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Joel Katz ◽

Lorenzo Cohen ◽

Roger Schmid ◽

Vincent W.S. Chan ◽

Adarose Wowk

Keyword(s):

Morphine Consumption ◽

Gynecologic Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Epidural Administration ◽

Blinded Manner ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Double Blinded ◽

Postoperative Morphine ◽

Group 1

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control. Methods Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Results One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P < 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg). Conclusions Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group to avoid the problems of interpretation that arise when two-group studies of preemptive analgesia (preincisional vs. postsurgery) fail to find the anticipated effects.

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Antioxidant Effect of MnTE-2-PyP on Lung in Asthma Mice Model

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/379360 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lyudmil Terziev ◽

Violeta Dancheva ◽

Veneta Shopova ◽

Galya Stavreva

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Control Group ◽

Mice Model ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Group 4 ◽

Antioxidant Defence System ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. To investigate the effects of MnTE-2-PyP on some markers of antioxidant defence system in asthma mice model.Material and Methods. The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin, group 3, treated with MnTE-2-PyP, and group 4, treated with ovalbumin and MnTE-2-PyP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content (NPSH) were determined in lung homogenate.Results. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in group 2 decreased significantly as compared to control group. The decrease of the same enzymes in group 4 was lower and significant as compared to group 2. Changes in the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a similar dynamics. The NPSH groups content decreased in group 2. In group 4 this decrease was relatively lower as compared to group 2.Conclusions. The application of MnTE-2-PyP mitigated the effects of oxidative stress in asthma mice model.

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