Effect on anti-tumor immunity and long-term memory CD8+ T-cell generation with a novel, allogeneic cell-based, Gp96-Ig/OX40L cancer vaccine.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14016-e14016
Author(s):  
Jeff Hutchins ◽  
Vikas Tahiliani ◽  
Jayalakshmi Miriyala ◽  
Jason Rose ◽  
Patrick Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Tumor Challenge ◽  
T Cell Expansion

e14016 Background: We are focused on developing and optimizing a next generation cellular vaccine platform – referred to as ComPACT (COMbination Pan-Antigen Cytotoxic Therapy), that incorporates a tumor antigen chaperone (gp96-Ig) with T-cell costimulation (OX40L-Ig), into a single tumor cell line overexpressing a host of cancer associated neoantigens. Viagenpumatucel-L (HS-110; ImPACT), a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, stably transfected to express gp96-Ig, is being tested in a phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT#02439450) for NSCLC. A similar line was generated that complements HS-110, providing costimulation in the form of secreted OX40-Ig (HS-130). Methods: To model how the addition of human HS-130 to HS-110 may impact anti-tumor immune responses, we generated mouse surrogates of these human lines (mHS-110 and mHS-130) to activate and expand adoptively transferred ovalbumin specific T cells (OT-1) responding to tumor challenge with ovalbumin over-expressing, B16F10. To identify the best ratio of mHS-110 to mHS-130; multiple dose ratio and dose escalation studies were performed to measure T cell expansion (peripheral and intratumoral) in the context of tumor challenge. Results: CD8+ T-cell expansion was observed on day-7, post-priming, with greatest expansion seen for the 1 to 0.5 ratio. Animals were subsequently boosted 14-days post-priming; the 1 to 0.5 ratio combination gave the most consistent and robust expansion, peaking on day-21. Animals were then challenged with tumors s.c. and growth delay was monitored. Only the 1 to 0.5 and 1 to 4.5 ratio dose groups showed significant delay in tumor growth and weight. Spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and CD8+ TILs all increased significantly, as compared to mHS-110 vaccination alone, for the 1 to 0.5 and 1 to 4.5 ratio dose groups. Conclusions: Only the 1 to 0.5 ratio dose group showed any long-term OT-1 expansion or longevity over all other dose ratios, strongly suggesting this is the best combination of gp96-Ig and OX40L-Ig expression for long-term anti-tumor memory generation. These results support the clinical translation of this approach of combining a T cell activation platform with costimulation.

T Cell Responses during Long-Term Continuous Infusion of MT103 (MEDI-538; Anti-CD19 BiTE) in Patients with Relapsed B-NHL: Data from Dose-Escalation Study MT103-104.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2725-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Klinger ◽  
Peter Kufer ◽  
Petra Kirchinger ◽  
Ralf Lutterbüse ◽  
Eugen Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Dose Escalation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
T Cell Expansion

Abstract MT103 (MEDI-538) is a bispecific single-chain antibody construct directed at CD3 on human T cells and CD19 on human B lymphoma and normal B cells. Transient linkage of B and T cells by MT103 provides T cells with a T cell receptor (TCR)-like signal leading to redirected lysis of B cell targets without apparent need of costimulation and inducing T cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines and upregulate surface activation markers. TCR-like signalling by MT103 is strictly dependent on the presence of target cells. Redirected lysis of CD19-positive cells by MT103 is seen at low picomolar concentrations and at low effector-to-target ratios. The in-vivo half-life of MT103 is approximately two hours. In the ongoing dose escalation study MT103-104, patients with relapsed B-NHL have so far received continuous infusion of MT103 at maintenance flow-rates of 0.5, 1.5, 5 and 15 μg/m2/24h for 4 or 8 weeks following a 3+3 dose escalation design. Serum concentrations of MT103 remained constant over the entire treatment period at a level depending on the respective maintenance flow-rate. Depletion of circulating B (lymphoma) cells could be observed more frequently with increasing dose levels (DL) from DL1 to DL3, and in all evaluable patients at DL4. Three of six evaluable patients at DL4 showed clinical responses (2 PR, 1 CR) according to standardized Cheson criteria, but no patient of DL1-3. The time courses of absolute CD4 and CD8 T cell counts in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. CD8 T lymphocytes were further subdivided for analysis into naïve T cells, TCM (central memory T cells), TEM (effector memory T cells) and TEMRA (non-proliferating terminally differentiated CTL), and CD4 T lymphocytes into naïve T cells, TCM and TEM. Activation of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets was determined by measuring upregulation of CD69, CD25 and HLA-DR. Serum levels of cytokines were determined as additional biomarkers for T cell activation. In 50% of patients at DL1 to DL3, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts increased during the course of treatment - over pre-treatment levels. The TEM subset from both CD4 and CD8 T cells accounted for most of the observed increases, while the naïve T cell subsets showed no increase but also no signs of apoptosis. The non-proliferative TEMRA subset of CD8 T cells also remained unchanged in most patients. This indicated that the selective increase of proliferation-competent TEM subsets was attributed to MT103-induced T cell proliferation. At DL4, all evaluable patients showed signs of T cell expansion after 2 weeks of MT103 infusion, which was most pronounced in those who developed a partial or complete remission. The increase of CD8 T cell counts was more pronounced than that of CD4 T cells. T cell expansion was accompanied by upregulation of T cell activation markers as well as by increases in serum concentrations of cytokines like IFN-γ. T cell expansion and activation reverted in all cases when the infusion of MT103 was stopped. In summary, MT103 induced a reversible secondary T cell response involving T cell activation and proliferation as well as T cell cytotoxicity against circulating B cells and lymphoma tissue. The dose-dependent T cell expansion observed during long-term infusion of MT103, particularly within the cytotoxic TEM subset of CD8 T cells, appears to play a key role for clinical activity.

Donor CD8+ T Cells Mediate GVL without GVHD in Recipients Conditioned with Anti-CD3 mAb.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Jingwei Lou ◽  
Naninong Li ◽  
Ivan Todorov ◽  
Chia-Lei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
T Cell Expansion ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Donor CD8+ T cells play a critical role in mediating graft versus leukemia (GVL), but also induce graft versus host disease (GVHD) in recipients conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI). Here, we report that injections of donor C57BL/6 (H-2b) or FVB/N (H-2q) CD8+ T with bone marrow cells induced chimerism and eliminated BCL1 leukemia/lymphoma cells without GVHD in anti-CD3-conditioned BALB/c (H-2d) recipients. In contrast, the same dose of donor CD8+ T and marrow cells induced lethal GVHD in TBI-conditioned recipients. In addition, the anti-CD3-conditioned long-term complete chimeras without prior exposure to host-type BCL1 cells also eliminated the tumors when being challenged with BCL1 cells 120 days after HCT. This is in contrast to the report that long-term complete chimeras induced with delayed donor lymphocyte infusion lost GVL activity. Using in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescent imaging, we observed that donor CD8+ T cells expanded rapidly and infiltrated GVHD target tissues in TBI-conditioned recipients, but donor CD8+ T cell expansion in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients was confined to lympho-hematological tissues. This confinement was associated with lack of up-regulated expression of α4β7 integrin and chemokine receptors (i.e. CXCR3) on donor CD8+ T cells. In addition, host-reactive donor CD8+ T cells in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients were only partially deleted, and the residual cells were rendered heterogeneous: some unresponsive/anergic, some Tc2, some Foxp3+ suppressive cells, and some effector cells. The whole population of residual donor CD8+ T cells from anti-CD3-conditioned recipients mediated GVL without GVHD in TBI-conditioned secondary recipients. These results indicate that anti-CD3-conditioning separates GVL from GVHD via confining donor CD8+ T cell expansion to host lympho-hematological tissues as well as tolerization of the residual donor CD8+ T cells, in which the residual host-reactive effector cells mediate persistent GVL, and the regulatory CD8+ T cells prevent them from damaging host tissues.

Uraemia-induced immune senescence and clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Crépin ◽  
Mathieu Legendre ◽  
Clémence Carron ◽  
Clément Vachey ◽  
Cécile Courivaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Immune Senescence ◽  
Thymic Output ◽  
Age Related ◽  
T Cell Expansion

Abstract Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prone to develop premature age-related diseases. Data on immune senescence are scarce in CKD populations, except in end-stage renal disease and dialysis. We designed a longitudinal prospective study to evaluate immune senescence at different CKD stages and its influence on CKD patient outcomes. Methods Clinical and biological data collections were performed on 222 patients at different CKD stages [1–2 (n = 85), 4 (n = 53) and 5 (n = 84)]. Immune senescence biomarkers were measured by cytometry on T cells (CD28, CD57, CD45RA, CD31, γH2A.X) or by quantitative polymerase chain reaction [relative telomere length (RTL)] on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and analysed according to CKD stages and outcomes. Results CKD was associated with an increase in immune senescence and inflammation biomarkers, as follows: low thymic output (197 ± 25 versus 88 ± 13 versus 73 ± 21 CD4+CD45RA+CD31+ T cells/mm3), an increased proportion of terminally differentiated T cells (CD8+CD28−CD57+) (24 ± 18 versus 32 ± 17 versus 35 ± 19%) restricted to cytomegalovirus-positive patients, telomere shortening (1.11 ± 0.36 versus 0.78 ± 0.24 versus 0.97 ± 0.21 telomere:single copy ratio) and an increase in C-reactive protein levels [median 2.9 (range 1.8–4.9) versus 5.1 (27–9.6) versus 6.2 (3.4–10.5) mg/L]. In multivariate analysis, shorter RTL was associated with death {hazard ratio [HR] 4.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–11.75]}. Low thymic output was associated with infections [HR 1.79 (95% CI (1.34–9.58)] and terminally differentiated CD8+ T-cell expansion with a risk of cardiovascular events [CEs; HR 4.86 (95% CI 1.72–13.72)]. Conclusion CKD was associated with premature immune ageing. Each of these alterations increased the risk of specific age-related diseases, such as RTL and death, thymic function and infections and terminally differentiated CD8+ T-cell expansion and CEs.

Tissue Parenchymal Cell Expression of B7-H1 Inhibits Infiltrating T Cell Expansion and Prevents Persistence of Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2974-2974
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Li ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Ruishu Deng ◽  
Can Liu ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
T Cell Expansion ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Abstract Abstract 2974 Alloreactive donor CD8+ T cells facilitate engraftment and mediate graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects but also cause graft versus host disease (GVHD) in murine and human recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). B7-H1 (PD-L1) expression by antigen-presenting cells has an important role in tolerizing activated T cells by binding to PD-1. We and others previously reported that disruption of binding between B7-H1 and PD-1 augments acute GVHD. Parenchymal cells do not usually express B7-H1 but can be induced by inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IFN-g) to express B7-H1. The role of B7-H1 expression by parenchymal tissue cells in regulating the expansion and persistence of donor CD8+ cells in tissues of mice with GVHD has not yet been evaluated. In the current studies, we evaluated the role of B7-H1 expression by GVHD target tissues in regulating donor CD8+ T cell function in 3 different experimental GVHD systems, using in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI), in vivo BrdU-labeling, and in vitro proliferation assays. The first system evaluated the role of B7-H1 expression in TBI-conditioned recipients. In these recipients, injected donor CD8+ T cells showed two waves of expansion that correlated with two phases of clinical GVHD. The first wave of donor CD8+ T cell expansion was associated with upregulated expression of B7-H1 in GVHD target tissues and only weak clinical GVHD. The second wave of donor CD8+ T cell expansion was associated with loss of B7-H1 expression, vigorous donor CD8+ T proliferation and expansion in the GVHD target tissues, and lethal GVHD. In a gain-of-function experiment, B7-H1 expression was induced in hepatocytes by hydrodynamic injection of B7-H1 cDNA during the second wave of T cell expansion in mice with GVHD; this subsequently decreased T cell expansion in the liver and ameliorated GVHD. The second system evaluated the role of B7-H1 expression in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients. In wild-type recipients, injected donor CD8+ T cells had only a single wave of expansion, and the mice had no signs of GVHD. B7-H1 expression by tissue cells (i.e. hepatocytes) was up-regulated, and the tissue infiltrating donor CD8+ T cells were anergic. In B7-H1−/− recipients, injected donor CD8+ T cells proliferated vigorously in GVHD target tissues and caused lethal GVHD.The third system evaluated the role of B7-H1 in unconditioned Rag-2−/− recipients after administration of blocking anti-B7-H1 and in the B7-H1−/−Rag-2−/− chimeras with B7-H1 sufficient Rag-2−/− bone marrow cells, in which B7-H1 deficiency was only in tissue parenchymal cells. Both blockade of B7-H1 and B7-H1 deficiency in parenchymal cells resulted in vigorous donor CD8+ T proliferation in GVHD target tissues and caused lethal GVHD. Taken together, these results show that expression of B7-H1 in GVHD target tissue parenchymal cells plays an important role in regulating the proliferation of infiltrating donor CD8+ T cells and preventing the persistence of GVHD. Our studies also indicate that TBI but not anti-CD3 conditioning can lead to loss of GVHD target tissue cell expression of B7-H1 and persistence of GVHD. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Perforin Is Important For Both CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect But Plays Differential Roles In CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Expansion After Allogeneic Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3255-3255
Author(s):  
Nicholas Leigh ◽  
Guanglin Bian ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
George L. Chen ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell Expansion ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Graft versus tumor (GVT) effect is the desired and integral outcome for successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) for cancer patients. This effect is dependent on T cell mediated recognition and elimination of residual host tumor cells present after allo-BMT. T cell killing is mediated primarily via three pathways: perforin/granzymes, Fas/FasL, and cytotoxic cytokines. Recent work from our lab has revealed a detrimental role for granzyme B (GzmB) in GVT effect due to its role in activation induced cell death (AICD) of CD8+ T cells. As a result, GzmB-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited higher expansion after allo-BMT and subsequently provided better tumor control. Our current study sought to determine the role of perforin (Prf1) in GVT effect mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Using the MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 (H-2b) to BALB/c (H-2d) allo-BMT model, we first confirmed previous findings that when transplanting CD8+ T cells along with T cell depleted (TCD) BM cells, donor CD8+ T cells require Prf1 to mediate GVT effect against allogeneic A20 lymphoma (Fig 1A, Prf1-/- (n=4) vs WT (n=4), *P<0.05). In addition, our data suggest that Prf1 is also required for CD4+ T cells to effectively mediate GVT effect against A20, as transplant with Prf1-/- CD4+CD25- T cells does not control tumor growth as well as WT controls (Fig 1B). Our previous work showed that GzmB deficiency allows for less AICD and subsequently more CD8+ T cell expansion. New data now show a similar effect for Prf1 in CD8+ T cell accumulation, as Prf1-/- CD8+ T cells outcompete WT CD8+ T cells (CD45.1+) when these two genotypes are mixed in equal numbers and transplanted into tumor bearing BALB/c mice (n=5/time point, *P=0.02 day 9)(Fig 1C). This competitive advantage was due to less AICD in the Prf1-/- CD8+ T cells. However, Prf1 appears to be required for efficient GVT activity, because the higher number of Prf1-/- CD8+ T cells are still less capable than WT counterparts in controlling tumor growth. We next tested the effect of Prf1 in AICD in CD4+CD25- T cells, and again co-transplanted WT CD45.1+ and Prf1-/- CD4+CD25- T cells into tumor bearing mice for a competition assay. Unexpectedly, WT CD4+CD25- T cells accumulate to significantly higher numbers when in direct competition with Prf1-/- CD4+CD25- T cells (n=4/time point, **,P<0.01)(Fig 1D). When we measured apoptotic cells with Annexin V staining, we found that WT CD4+CD25- T cells still had significantly more AICD (Prf1-/- 38.3 ± 4.2% vs. WT 48.1 ± 5.1%, P<0.01 on day 7 post-BMT; Prf1-/- 12.7 ± 1.0% vs. WT 18.1 ± 3.4%, P<0.03 on day 9 post-BMT). This result suggests that while Prf1 has an important role in AICD, it may also play a role in another feature of CD4+ T cell biology. We then explored the hypothesis that may Prf1 promote CD4+ T cell proliferation by evaluating Hoescht staining on day 9 post-BMT. Preliminary results suggest that Prf1 may enhance T cell proliferation, as Prf1-/- CD4+ T cells have less actively dividing cells at this time point. Therefore, Prf1 appears to have a surprising role after allo-BMT in sustaining T cell expansion for CD4+ T cells, but not for CD8+ T cells. Another factor influencing GVT effect may be T cell phenotype. Our previous work with CD8+ T cells suggests that more effector memory (CD62LLOWCD44HIGH) T cells accumulate in the absence of GzmB, and that GzmB-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited higher GVT activity than WT controls. We now found that while Prf1-/- CD4+ T cells also skewed towards the effector memory phenotype (CD62LLOWCD44HIGH), loss of Prf1 still reduced the ability of CD4+ T cells to control tumor growth in this model of allo-BMT. In summary, our results suggest that Prf1 plays an important role in GVT responses mediated not only by CD8+ T cells but also by CD4+ T cells, which were shown in previous literature to mainly utilize Fas ligand and cytokine systems to mediate GVT activity. In addition, Prf1 can cause AICD to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after allo-BMT. While Prf1-induced AICD reduces CD8+ T cell expansion, Prf1 appears to play a previously unrecognized role enhancing CD4+ T cell proliferation via an unidentified mechanism. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A Novel Phase-Change Hydrogel Substrate for T Cell Activation Promotes Increased Expansion of CD8+ Cells Expressing Central Memory and Naive Phenotype Markers

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 3368-3368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithya J Jesuraj ◽  
Julie M Cole ◽  
Felipe Bedoya ◽  
Steven B Wells ◽  
Guokui Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
T Cell Expansion

Abstract Introduction For chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based (CAR-T) and engineered T cell receptor (TCR) immunotherapies, T cell expansion methods and phenotype/s of transplanted T cells may heavily influence clinical outcomes. Much current focus is on the potential of defined CD4+/CD8+ T cell populations vs bulk, and on the potential superiority of CAR-T cells from naïve (TN) or central memory (TCM) versus effector memory (TEM) cells. Many commercial T cell activation and expansion methods utilize rigid magnetic beads bound to antibodies against CD3 and CD28 as substrates. These methods are often associated with high costs and licensing restrictions for clinical and commercial applications. Additionally, de-beading processes can be highly complex and inefficient, adding additional time, costs and risks. It has been shown that substrate rigidity influences T cell expansion and phenotype. We hypothesized that a novel phase-change substrate could modulate expanded T cell phenotype/s and address de-beading challenges. Methods An alginate-based phase-change hydrogel was synthesized and coated onto magnetic beads to form hydrogel-coated particles of approximately 10 µm diameter. This hydrogel, in the presence of chelating agents, rapidly dissolves, enabling removal magnetic bead removal. The coated particles were conjugated with streptavidin (SA) and bound to biotinylated antibodies against CD3 (OKT3) and CD28 (28.2) to form CD3/CD28 hydrogel particles (CD3/CD28-HP). Human CD3+ T cells from peripheral blood were seeded (Day 0) at 1x10E6 cells/mL in 24 well plates (n=3) in complete RPMI medium supplemented with IL-2. To each well, 25 µL of CD3/CD28-HP were added per 0.5x10E6 cells in a single stimulation. Media addition or change of culture vessel occurred each 2-3 days. Following expansion, chelating agent was added and magnetic beads removed. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell viability and expression of phenotypic markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA and CCR7. ELISA was used to measure secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFNγ. Residual magnetic beads were counted via hemocytometer. Results CD3/CD28-HP promoted significant T cell expansion of 0.3, 1.4, 2.4, 4.8 and 6.6 population doublings (PD) by Days 2, 5, 6, 9, and 13 respectively (p<0.01-p<0.001 vs Day 0). Similarly, CD3/CD28-HP-induced expansion in a separate lab using a different T cell donor yielded 4.7 PD by Day 9 (p<0.001 vs Day 0). Phenotypic markers were assessed on Days 6 and 13. Expansion using CD3/CD28-HP led to significantly more CD8+ cells and significantly fewer CD4+ cells versus the starting population on both days (p<0.05-p<0.001). When compared to a commercially available magnetic CD3/CD28 bead product, CD3/CD28-HP produced a significantly larger CD8+ population on Days 6 (p<0.05)and 13 (p<0.001), and a smaller population of CD4+ T cells on Day 13 (p<0.01). CD3/CD28-HP-based expansion significantly increased the percentage of CD3/CD45RA expressing T cells compared with the magnetic bead-based product on Day 6 (p<0.05). Also, on Day 6, T cells expanded using CD3/CD28-HP showed increased CD8/CD45RA/CCR7 expression when compared to T cells expanded with the commercial magnetic bead product (p<0.05). Cytokine secretion was assessed on Days 6 and 13. Cells expanded using both expansion methods secreted IL-2, IL-4, and IFNγ, with no significant differences in secretory function observed between expansion methods. Following de-beading of expanded cells, cell recovery was 96% for the CD3/CD28-HP-expanded cells and 93% for cells expanded using commercial magnetic bead-based expansion product. Additionally, in de-beaded cells, fewer residual magnetic particles were present in the CD3/CD28-HP-expanded population than in cells expanded via the commercial magnetic bead-based expansion product. Conclusions These data demonstrate the utility of a novel phase-change hydrogel system to efficiently induce T cell proliferation, promote expansion of functional T cells expressing markers associated with CD8+, TN and TCM phenotypes, and to separate expanded cells efficiently from magnetic beads. In future studies, we will determine if T cells expanded using this method show increased stemness and persistence in in vivo models, and further explore the possibilities of this novel system for rapid expansion and recovery of specific T cell subtypes. Disclosures Jesuraj: Quad Technologies: Employment, Other: stock options. Cole:Quad Technologies: Employment, Other: Stock Options. Wells:Quad Technologies: Employment, Other: Stock Options. Qin:Quad Technologies: Employment, Other: Stock options. Kevlahan:Quad Technologies: Employment, Equity Ownership. Maus:Novartis: Patents & Royalties: related to CTL019, Research Funding. Ball:Quad Technologies: Employment, Other: Stock Options.

scholarly journals Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zeng ◽  
Rosanne Spolski ◽  
Steven E. Finkelstein ◽  
SangKon Oh ◽  
Panu E. Kovanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Expansion

Interleukin (IL)-21 is the most recently recognized of the cytokines that share the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc), which is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. We now report that IL-21 synergistically acts with IL-15 to potently promote the proliferation of both memory (CD44high) and naive (CD44low) phenotype CD8+ T cells and augment interferon-γ production in vitro. IL-21 also cooperated, albeit more weakly, with IL-7, but not with IL-2. Correspondingly, the expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells were impaired in IL-21R−/− mice. Moreover, in vivo administration of IL-21 in combination with IL-15 boosted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell numbers and resulted in a cooperative effect on tumor regression, with apparent cures of large, established B16 melanomas. Thus, our studies reveal that IL-21 potently regulates CD8+ T cell expansion and effector function, primarily in a synergistic context with IL-15.

scholarly journals c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase (JNK)1 and JNK2 Signaling Pathways Have Divergent Roles in CD8+ T Cell–mediated Antiviral Immunity

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Arbour ◽  
Denise Naniche ◽  
Dirk Homann ◽  
Roger J. Davis ◽  
Richard A. Flavell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
T Cell Expansion ◽  
Lcmv Infection

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) play important roles in T helper cell (Th) proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of Th1/Th2 polarization. To determine whether JNKs are involved in antiviral T cell immunity, and whether JNK1 and JNK2 bear biological differences, we investigated the immune responses of JNK1-deficient and JNK2-deficient mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). After LCMV infection, wild-type (JNK+/+) mice had a 5- to 10-fold increase in splenic CD8+ T cells. In contrast, infected JNK1−/− mice showed a significantly lower virus-specific CD8+ T cell expansion. However, JNK1−/− mice cleared LCMV infection with similar kinetics as JNK+/+ mice. Splenic T cells from LCMV-infected JNK1−/− animals produced interferon γ after stimulation with viral peptides. However, fewer JNK1−/− T cells acquired an activated phenotype (CD44hi) and more JNK1−/−CD8+CD44hi cells underwent apoptosis than JNK+/+ cells at the peak of the primary response. In contrast, LCMV-infected JNK2−/− mice generated more virus-specific CD8+ T cells than JNK+/+ mice. These results indicate that JNK1 and JNK2 signal pathways have distinct roles in T cell responses during a viral infection. JNK1 is involved in survival of activated T cells during immune responses, and JNK2 plays a role in control of CD8+ T cell expansion in vivo.

Allogeneic Rejection of High Grade Lymphoma: Evidence for Immune Escape in a Haploidentical Murine Model.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3171-3171
Author(s):  
Madhusudhanan Sukumar ◽  
Andrea Wilke ◽  
Josef Mautner ◽  
Hans-Jochem Kolb ◽  
Georg Bornkamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
T Cell Expansion

Abstract Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for high grade lymphoma typically suffers from high transplant related mortality and minimal success in achieving long term complete remission. The immunological aspects behind rejection of high grade lymphoma are poorly understood, partly due to the lack of animal models. Using a transgenic mouse lymphoma model, where the proto-oncogene c-myc is driven by parts of the immunoglobulin lambda locus representing a t(8;22) translocation as found in Burkitt’s lymphoma, we developed a haploidentical transplantation model. c-myc-lambda transgenic C57/BL6 mice were crossbred with DBA mice, giving rise to a B6D2F1 generation which develops high grade lymphoma spontaneously within the first 6 months post birth. Primary F1-lymphoma cell lines displayed low MHC class I and class II expression compared to wild type B-cells. When transferred into immune-competent, healthy C57/BL6 parental mice, F1-lymphoma cells were rejected even at high doses of 50 Mio. cells, whereas the syngeneic transfer of 10,000 cells into B6D2F1 mice resulted in 100% mortality due to lymphoma growth. Immunosuppression of C57/BL6 mice by lethal total body irradiation and transplantation of T-cell depleted bone marrow allowed F1-lymphoma to grow when animals were challenged at day +1 after bone marrow transplantation with 1 Mio. cells. Addback of 2.5 or 10 Mio. parental T-cells together with F1-lymphoma on day +1 completely prevented lymphoma growth, and resulted in long term survival for more than 60 days. When T-cell addback was delayed until day +3 or +6 after lymphoma challenge, animals died due to lymphoma progression 7–8 days later. By using “green” T-cells from GFP transgenic C57/BL6 mice we could show that spleens 7 days after T-cell addback contained only 0.5% (15% of total CD3+ cells) GFP positive T-cells, whereas up to 15% (55%–75% of total CD3+ cells) of total splenocytes were GFP positive in long term survivors that rejected lymphoma. Similar results were obtained when T-cells were labelled with CFDA. This indicates that T-cell expansion is associated with lymphoma rejection; animals that receive T-cells after lymphoma has been established do not show any T-cell expansion, even when lymphoma cells display a haplo-mismatch and mature T-cells are co-localized within the spleen. T-Cell expansion is suppressed when lymphoma cells are present in splenic tissue, indicating efficient immune escape. Similar results were observed when bone marrow and T-cells from C57BL/6 donors were transplanted into irradiated B6D2F1 mice and 1 Mio. F1-lymphoma cells were injected on day +1 post transplantation. Despite the presence of GvHD when low number of T-cells (0.5–2.0 Mio.) were used lymphoma growth was measurable and animals eventually died due to disease progression. These results point to the crucial role of pretransplant lymphoma burden for the success of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in high grade lymphoma.

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