Predictive value of sonoelastography of secondary changed lymphous nodes in the assessment of effectiveness of immunotherapy.
e15225 Background: With the use of existing predictors of the effectiveness of immunotherapy it is not possible to identify patients who will have a response to treatment or a rapid progression. The mechanism of the antitumor effect of the modern generation of immunotherapeutic drugs leads to significant changes in the cellular structure of the tumor and, as a consequence of this, in its physical characteristics. Sonoelastography allows to evaluate the stiffness of the tumor. Methods: The study included 17 patients with malignant neoplastic disease with the presence of secondarily affected peripheral lymph nodes (l.n.). 11/17 patients had melanoma, 2/17 - NSCLC, 3/17 - neck cancer. 8/9 - M / F, average age 61.8 years. 5/17 patients received combined immunotherapy (Ipilimumab + Nivolumab), 12/17 - anti-PD-1 (8 people Nivolumab, 4 people Pembrolizumab). Results: An ultrasound examination of the l. n. in a multimodal mode with compression elastography was performed on a Philips Epic 7 device before the first administration of the antitumor drug and every 3 weeks. Before the first objective assessment of the effect was done, in 5/17 patients was registered an increase in the size of the studied lymph nodes by 2 or more times, in 7/17 patients the size of the l. n. did not change, in 5/17 patients the affected l. n. decreased (26% - 64%).The results of control examination after 2 months of treatment: PR - 2/17, CR - 4/17, SD- 9/17, PD- 4/17.In the group with an objective response (PR, CR, SD - 13/17), the average value. St. Ratio before treatment was 5.7 ± 0.4; during treatment decreased to an average of 3.2 ± 0.5 (p < 0.05). In the group with progression during treatment, the average St. Ratio value before treatment was 4.1 ± 0.4, and during treatment increased on average to 5.7 ± 0.5 (p < 0.05).A qualitative analysis of tumor blood flow was carried out, the Resistance Index (RI) was studied. The RI in the first group of patients was 0.65 ± 0.4; after treatment, the RI increased to 0.74. In the second group of patients, the RI before and after treatment did not significantly change. Conclusions: During the immunotherapy treatment, a decrease in the stiffness of the tumor is observed, regardless of the change in size and an increase in the indices of peripheral resistance to blood flow in case of further regression or stabilization of the process. An early change in the sonographic characteristics of tumor foci can identify patients with a subsequent treatment effect, and can also distinguish true progression from pseudoprogression, which requires confirmation in larger studies.