Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies among patients with advanced cancer.
e24129 Background: Few studies have examined the coping mechanisms among patients with advanced cancer seen by palliative care. The objective of the study was to evaluate coping strategies in advanced cancer patients and identity risk factors for maladaptive coping. Methods: The authors conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey on chemical coping. We prospectively enrolled patients with advanced cancer from a Supportive Care Clinic and documented the patient demographics, symptom expression (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System), Zubrod performance status, substance use history including tobacco, and coping strategies (the Brief COPE Questionnaire). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for the use of maladaptive coping strategies. Results: Among 399 patients, the most common malignancies were gastrointestinal (21%) and breast (19%). Cancer patients frequently incorporated adaptive coping strategies including acceptance (86.7%), emotional support (79.9%), religion (69.4%), active coping (62.4%), instrumental support (48.4%), positive reframing (48.6%), planning (49.6%), and infrequently, humor (18.5%). Common maladaptive strategies included self-distraction (36.6%) and venting (14.5%), while self-blame (6.3%), denial (4.5%), behavioral disengagement (1.8%), and substance use (1.0%) were infrequently reported. On univariate analysis, venting was significantly associated with anxiety and depression, female gender, and tobacco use; and self-distraction was significantly associated with younger age, gender, depression, dyspnea, and a post-secondary education (P<0.05 for all). On multivariate analysis, male gender (OR -1.22, p<0.0001) and smoking (non-smoker vs everyday OR -1.9, P=0.008 ) remained significant for maladaptive venting; and age (HR -0.026, p=0.005), male gender (OR -0.65, p=0.004), dyspnea (OR -0.12, p=0.01) and post-secondary education (OR 0.596, p=0.022) remained significant for self-distraction. Conclusions: The vast majority of patients with advanced cancer seen by palliative care reported using adaptive coping strategies. We identified subgroup of patients who may be more likely to use maladapative coping strategies and may benefit from further psychological support.