Carbon Fixation (Carbon Sequestration)

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Humberto Gonzaález Rodríguez ◽  
Ratikanta Maiti ◽  
Ch. Aruna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Fixation

Carbon Fixation (Carbon Sequestration)

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-126
Author(s):  
Humberto Gonzaález Rodríguez ◽  
Ratikanta Maiti ◽  
Ch. Aruna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Fixation

scholarly journals Carbon sequestration by grass, crucifer and legume groundcovers in olive orchards

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Repullo-Ruibérriz de Torres ◽  
Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández ◽  
Manuel Moreno-García ◽  
Javier Márquez-García ◽  
Rosa M. Carbonell-Bojollo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

Abstract Establishment of groundcovers (GC) is an efficient practice to reduce soil and nutrient losses in olive orchards, so they can act as a sink of atmospheric carbon and improve soil fertility. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon sequestration potential of several species used as groundcovers in two olive orchards. The experiment was conducted during three growing seasons in two olive orchards in Andalusia (Spain). In an experimental field, a grass (Brachypodium distachyon) and two crucifers (Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) were used; in the other experimental field, three legumes were sown: common vetch (Vicia sativa), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). In both fields the species were sown and compared with the spontaneous vegetation of the area. The carbon release from groundcovers was studied and soil organic carbon (SOC) analysed during the decomposition period to assess the atmospheric carbon fixation. The increments of SOC in the first 20 cm of soil reached higher values with crucifers and grass than legumes. Sinapis alba obtained the best result with 2.56 Mg SOC ha−1 yr−1. Establishment of groundcovers are an efficient tool for atmospheric carbon sequestration and to protect the soil from erosion.

Differential visible spectral influence on carbon metabolism in heterotrophic marine flavobacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Wei-An Lai ◽  
Mariyam Shahina ◽  
Paul Stothard ◽  
Li-Sen Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Full Spectrum

ABSTRACT The visible spectrum of solar radiation is known to stimulate photoheterotrophic bacterial carbon metabolism. However, its impact on ‘strictly’ heterotrophic bacteria remains less explored. Here, we show that heterotrophic flavobacteria exhibit enhanced uptake and mineralization of dissolved organic carbon with increasing wavelengths of visible light, without employing any ‘known’ light-harvesting mechanisms. RNA sequencing identified blue light as a major constraint in the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of polymeric carbohydrates and acquisition of sugars, despite acting as a stimulus for inorganic carbon sequestration. In contrast, green–red and continuous full-spectrum lights activated diverse hydrolytic enzymes and sugar transporters, but obstructed inorganic carbon fixation. This ‘metabolic switching’ was apparent through limited nutrient uptake, suppressed light-sensitivity, oxidative stress response and promotion of inorganic carbon sequestration pathways under blue light. The visible light impact on metabolism may be of significant ecological relevance as it appears to promote cell-mediated mineralization of organic carbon in ‘green-colored’ chlorophyll-rich copiotrophic coastal seawater and inorganic carbon sequestration in ‘blue-colored’ oligotrophic open ocean. Thus, a novel regulatory role played by light on heterotrophic metabolism and a hidden potential of flavobacteria to sense and respond differentially to monochromatic lights influencing marine carbon cycling were unraveled.

Modelling analysis of potential carbon sequestration in selected forest types

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Nabuurs ◽  
G.M.J. Mohren
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sequestering

Ten selected forest types were examined (1) to assess the carbon sequestering potential of those forest types that are most likely to be successful in sequestering atmospheric carbon, (2) to show the relevance of varying carbon sequestering criteria, and (3) to present a method as a possible standard for carbon sequestering assessments. The carbon sequestering potential of the forest, forest soils, and forest products was quantified with the dynamic model CO2FIX. Two main criteria for evaluation of the carbon sequestering capacity were used: (1) the long-term average stock of carbon in the forest biomass and wood products and (2) the average net annual carbon storage flux during the first rotation. It was found that selectively logged evergreen rain forests may contain the largest long-term average stock of carbon in the biomass and products, with 207 Mg C•ha−1. The highest net annual carbon fixation in the first rotation was achieved with Pinusradiata D. Don in Brazil, with a storage rate of 5.3 Mg C•ha−1•year−1 on fertile sites. These values can be regarded as maximum boundaries for carbon sequestration. Evaluation of carbon sequestration in forests should always be carried out with a set of varying carbon sequestering criteria. Such an evaluation should also take into account socioeconomic and ecological criteria. It remains a political issue which criterion prevails over the other. A study to improve the model by linking it to forest type area tables is in preparation. It will then be possible to present projections of carbon sequestration for a region or country.

scholarly journals Effects of spacing on early growth rate and carbon sequestration in Pinus brutia Ten. plantations

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesat Erkan ◽  
Ali C. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Turkish Red Pine

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of initial spacing on early growth and carbon sequestration rates in Turkish red pine plantations up to 12 years old, established with improved seeds and deep soil cultivation.Area of study: The study was conducted on experimental sites established in two locations within the Turkish red pine natural distribution areas, namely Duacı and Nebiler close to Antalya city.Material and methods: Data were collected from the experimental sites established as a Nelder design (fan-shaped), with 72 rays and 18 arcs (circles), and trees were planted (almost square) at distances ranging from 1.15 to 4.77 m. Soil type of both sites is loamy, with soil clay content varying between 70-87% in Duacı and 51-70% in Nebiler. Soils are deep being more than one m in both sites, but rockier in Nebiler, providing better soil drainage in this site.Main results: The results showed that mean total height was greater at closer spacing than those of wider spacing until age eight. Growth retardation at wider spacing in early years may be related to water loss due to evaporation in hot summer days and weed suppression. Following the age eight, competition among trees appears to be the major factor reducing the growth and carbon fixation. Diameter at breast height and individual tree volume increased, while stand volume, mean annual volume increment and annual carbon storage per hectare considerably decreased for wider spacing. Our results suggest that in order to obtain higher yield and more carbon fixation, short rotation plantations should initially be established in closer spacing, followed by thinning in subsequent years as required by silvicultural concerns. In this context, spacing 3.0 × 1.0 m or 3.0 × 1.5 m (3.0 and 4.5 m2 growing area per tree, respectively) seems to be more plausible, providing farm machinery for maintenance and harvesting. We also found that mean annual volume increment per unit area can be considerably increased by using improved seed and deep soil cultivation in plantations.Research highlights: Results encourage managers for short rotation management in industrial plantations using closer spacing in terms of carbon sequestration as well as wood production.Keywords: Pinus brutia Ten.; spacing; forest growth and yield; carbon sequestration; Nelder experimental design.Abbreviations used: TFS: Turkish Forest Service; OGM: General Directorate of Forestry; Dbh: Diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals Reconciliation of research on forest carbon sequestration and water conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeel Javaid Aini Farooqi ◽  
Xuhua Li ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Osbert Jianxin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Forest Carbon Sequestration

AbstractCarbon sequestration and water conservation are two of the key ecosystem services that forests provide for societal need to address environmental issues. Optimization of the dual services is the ultimate goal in forest management for mitigating global climate change and safeguarding terrestrial water balance. However, there are some tradeoffs between gain in forest productivity and ecosystem water balance. We conducted literature review based on published articles for learned knowledge on forest carbon fixation and hydrological regulations. Some knowledge gaps and research needs are identified by examining the inter-connections between forest carbon sequestration and water conservation. Past researches have helped gain basic understanding of the mechanisms and controls of forest carbon fixation and hydrological regulations as two separate issues. Tools and approaches are well established for quantifying and monitoring forest carbon and hydrological issues, operating at different spatial and temporal scales. There are knowledge gaps on how to design afforestation schemes facilitating enhanced ecosystem services in forest carbon sequestration and water conservation. For the top-down planning of afforestation in regions where water availability is anticipated to be problematic, the questions of how much and where to plant for given land availability, known environmental implications, and sustained regional development and livelihood need to be addressed. For local management considerations, the questions of what and how to plant prevail. Efforts are needed in joint studies of forest carbon sequestration and water conservation functionalities, specifically in relation to establishment and management of planted forests aiming for delivering regulatory ecosystem services in carbon sequestration, water conservation and other social values. We propose an integrated framework with dual consideration of carbon sequestration and water conservation in forest management for future research pursue.

Sectioned rubisco crystals in TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Gunnel Karlsson ◽  
Jan-Olov Bovin ◽  
Michael Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

RuBisCO (D-ribulose-l,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is the most aboundant enzyme in the plant cell and it catalyses the key carboxylation reaction of photosynthetic carbon fixation, but also the competing oxygenase reaction of photorespiation. In vitro crystallized RuBisCO has been studied earlier but this investigation concerns in vivo existance of RuBisCO crystals in anthers and leaves ofsugarbeets. For the identification of in vivo protein crystals it is important to be able to determinethe unit cell of cytochemically identified crystals in the same image. In order to obtain the best combination of optimal contrast and resolution we have studied different staining and electron accelerating voltages. It is known that embedding and sectioning can cause deformation and obscure the unit cell parameters.

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