The Role of Circulating MiRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Targets of Cancer and Diseases

2022 ◽  
pp. 57-84
Author(s):  
Loutfy H. Madkour
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Treatment Targets

scholarly journals Micro RNAs: an arguable appraisal in medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Voglova ◽  
J. Bezakova ◽  
Iveta Herichova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Neural Diseases

AbstractMicro RNAs (miRNAs) represent a newly discovered class of regulatory molecules in the human body. miRNA is a short double stranded RNA sequence interfering with mRNA, causing in most cases, inhibition of translation. Synthesis of miRNAs shows an increasing developmental pattern and postnatally miRNAs are synthesized in all cells possessing transcriptional machinery. miRNAs usually target several mRNAs and therefore conclusive evidences proving their functions are not always ease to be acquired. In spite of this difficulty, functions of miRNAs were firmly established in the development, the cardiovascular and neural diseases, and cancer. Many miRNAs have been reported to be associated with physiological state of cells and/or tissues. This finding becomes fundamental, especially when consider that these miRNAs can be released from cell into intracellular space or circulation. Correlation between miRNA production in tissues and its contribution to multisource miRNA pool in the circulation is in a focus of biomarker-oriented researchers. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been suggested to be applicable as biomarkers in several types of cancer, cardiovascular injury, and diabetes. Role of miRNAs in the organism intercellular signaling is still under the broad investigation. Several miRNA mimics, intended for treatment of disease, are being currently tested in the clinical trials.

The Salivary miRNome: A Promising Biomarker of Disease

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomei ◽  
Harshitha Shobha Manjunath ◽  
Selvasankar Murugesan ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs ranging from 18-24 nucleotides also known to regulate the human genome mainly at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs were shown to play an important role in most biological processes such as apoptosis and in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recent developments of advanced molecular high-throughput technologies have enhanced our knowledge of miRNAs. MiRNAs can now be discovered, interrogated, and quantified in various body fluids, and hence can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic markers for many diseases. While most studies use blood as a sample source to measure circulating miRNAs as possible biomarkers for disease pathogenesis, fewer studies have assessed the role of salivary miRNAs in health and disease. This review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge of the salivary miRNome, addressing the technical aspects of saliva sampling and highlighting the applicability of miRNA screening to clinical practice.

Abstract A19: Origin and functional role of plasma circulating miRNAs.

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2 Supplement) ◽  
pp. A19-A19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Fortunato ◽  
Mattia Boeri ◽  
Carla Verri ◽  
Massimo Moro ◽  
Francesca Andriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Circulating Mirnas

scholarly journals Role of public-private partnerships in achieving UNAIDS HIV treatment targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Shrivastava ◽  
Peter N. Fonjungo ◽  
Yenew Kebede ◽  
Rajendra Bhimaraj ◽  
Shabnam Zavahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Treatment Targets

scholarly journals Role of VEGF/VEGFR in the pathogenesis of leukemias and as treatment targets (Review)

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1935-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUANHUA SONG ◽  
YANMEI LI ◽  
GUOSHENG JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Targets

Novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes: the role of circulating miRNAs

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rognoni ◽  
Chiara Cavallino ◽  
Alessandro Lupi ◽  
Gioel Gabrio Secco ◽  
Alessia Veia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Genome-wide identification of circulating-miRNA expression quantitative trait loci reveals the role of several miRNAs in the regulation of cardiometabolic phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Nikpay ◽  
Kaitlyn Beehler ◽  
Armand Valsesia ◽  
Jorg Hager ◽  
Mary-Ellen Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Aims To identify genetic variants that have a regulatory impact on circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) and to connect genetic risk to blood traits/biomarkers through the circulating miRNAs. Methods and results Leveraging miRNA-Seq data and the 1000 Genomes imputed genotypes, we carried out genome-wide association analysis for SNPs that regulate the expression of circulating miRNAs in a sample of 710 unrelated subjects of European ancestry. Wherever possible, we used data from the Framingham and the Geuvadis studies to replicate our findings. We found at least one genome-wide significant (P < 5e−8) miRNA-eQTL (mirQTL) for 143 circulating miRNAs. Overall each mirQTL explained a small portion (<1%) of variation in miRNA levels; however, we identified a few mirQTLs that explained 4% to 20% of variation in miRNA levels in plasma. Unlike trans-mirQTLs (P = 0.7), cis-mirQTLs tend to be also associated with their counterpart mature miRNAs (P < 0.0001), this suggests trans-mirQTLs exert their effect through processes that affect the stability of mature miRNAs; whereas, cis-mirQTLs mainly regulate the expression of primary-miRNAs. Next, we used the identified mirQTLs to investigate the links between circulating miRNAs with blood traits/biomarkers through Mendelian randomization analysis. We found miR-1908-5p plays an important role in regulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose, HbA1c, and several lipid-metabolites in blood, whereas, miR-10b-5p mediates the trans-regulatory effect of the ABO locus on several blood proteins, coronary artery disease, and TC. Moreover, we demonstrated that a higher plasma level of miR-199a is causally associated with lower levels of LDL and TC. Finally, we found miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p are functionally related and mediate the effect of ZFPM2 on a number of its protein targets in blood including VEGFA, SERPINE1, and PDGFs. Conclusions This study identifies SNPs that have a regulatory impact on circulating miRNAs, and underlines the role of several circulating miRNAs in mediating the effect of a number of GWAS loci on cardiometabolic phenotypes.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Postischemic Vascular Repair

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caporali ◽  
Costanza Emanueli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Control Gene Expression ◽  
Reparative Process ◽  
Ischemic Diseases ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

The termangiogenesisdescribes the growth of endothelial sprouts from preexisting postcapillary venules. More recently, this term has been used to generally indicate the growth and remodeling process of the primitive vascular network into a complex network during development. In adulthood, angiogenesis is activated as a reparative process during wound healing and following ischemia, and it plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis as well as in inflammatory diseases and diabetic retinopathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively control gene expression of target mRNAs. In this paper, we aim at describing the role of miRNAs in postischemic angiogenesis. First, we will describe the regulation and the expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells. Then, we will analyze the role of miRNAs in postischemic vascular repair. Finally, we will discuss the role of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in ischemic diseases.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananília Medeiros Gomes da Silva ◽  
Jéssica Nayara Góes de Araújo ◽  
Renata Caroline Costa de Freitas ◽  
Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia in the population. MicroRNAs (small endogenous noncoding RNAs) are attractive candidates as biomarkers for AF, especially considering that miRNAs are stable and are detected within easily accessible biofluids such as blood. In this review, we selected twelve studies (2012 to 2016) that were classified according to the sample type. We aimed to provide an overview of the role of circulating miRNAs in AF and to discuss the variability of the results, seeking to improve the perspective of the use of miRNAs as potential noninvasive biomarkers for this heart disease.

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