Mechanical behaviour and fatigue lifetime of natural rubber reinforced by two grades of precipitated silica

This study highlighted the effect of incorporation of rice husk silica (RHS) on the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical behaviour of natural rubber (NR) compounds. High purity RHS was synthesised by solvent-thermal extraction method, which was inspired by TAPPI T204 cm-97 and TAPPI T264 cm-97 standards with some modifications. The extraction method had successfully produced RHS with 99.9% of silica content and surface area of 234.25 m2/g. The incorporation of RHS in NR showed increment in tensile properties compared to unfilled NR. Further improvement was recorded by surface modification of RHS with 1 wt. % bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT). The modification of RHS with TESPT increased the rubber-filler interaction between RHS and NR matrix, hence enhancing the strength-related properties. The modified RHS-NR also recorded highest storage modulus, and the presence of RHS in the NR compound had slightly shifted the glass transition temperature (Tg) to a higher value. This confirmed that the strong rubber-filler interaction had increased the rigidity of the compounds and restricted the mobility of the rubber chains.

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Effects of maximum strain and aging time on the fatigue lifetime of vulcanized natural rubber

Materials Characterisation VII ◽

10.2495/mc150011 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

C. S. Woo ◽

H. S. Park

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Aging Time ◽

Maximum Strain ◽

Fatigue Lifetime

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Mechanical Behaviour of the Polypropylene-Devulcanized Natural Rubber Compound upon Natural Weathering

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1083/1/012050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1083 ◽

pp. 012050

Author(s):

Kheng-Hooi Loo ◽

Lee Tin Sin ◽

Soo-Tueen Bee ◽

C. T. Ratnam ◽

Tiam-Ting Tee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Natural Weathering ◽

Rubber Compound

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COMPARISON OF STRESS–SOFTENINGS IN CARBON-BLACK FILLED NATURAL RUBBER AND STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/rct.13.87964 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 572-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Julie Diani ◽

Yannick Merckel ◽

Mathias Brieu ◽

Julien Caillard

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Cyclic Softening ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Amplitude Dependence ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Fatigue Lifetime ◽

Filled Rubber ◽

Filled Rubbers ◽

Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT The authors compared the mechanical behavior and, more precisely, the Mullins and the cyclic (post-Mullins) softenings of two filled rubbers. A crystallizing natural rubber and a noncrystallizing styrene–butadiene rubber of similar compositions resulting in similar cross-link densities and filled with 40 phr of N347 carbon-black fillers were tested in cyclic uniaxial tension at room temperature and at 85 °C. Crystallization in filled rubbers is known to increase stress at high stretch, stretch at break, cycle hysteresis, and fatigue lifetime and to reduce crack propagation. In this study, it is shown that crystallization also seems to enhance the Mullins softening (softening at the first cycle) and to favor the apparent cyclic softening. Results reveal that natural rubber shows an amplitude dependence on the cyclic softening, whereas the styrene–butadiene rubber does not. Finally, results demonstrate that studying filled rubber softening cannot help predict lifetime.

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Cure Characteristics and Spectroscopic Studies of Silica Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Compound

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.225 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 844 ◽

pp. 225-228

Author(s):

Mazlina Mustapha Kamal ◽

Rohani Abu Bakar

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Rubber Compound ◽

Precipitated Silica ◽

Profound Influence ◽

Polymer Filler ◽

Infra Red

Reinforcement of rubber by precipitated silica is adversely affected due to lack of strong polymer filler bonding1-2. The surface energy of fillers play an important role in the reinforcement of rubbers and has a profound influence on the performance of rubber products3. Functionalised polymers interact strongly with surface silanol groups of precipitated silica. In this work, the unique reinforcement mechanism exhibited by silica in Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR) is established through rheometric and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) study. A rheometer torque rise was detected with an ENR compound silica in the absence of any curing agent. On the other hand, the extent of the interaction increased with the increment of epoxidation level. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopic studies showed silica is bonded to ENR through formation of Si-O-C bond and the extent of the chemical interaction depends on the moulding time4.

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Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Silanized Precipitated Silica Nanofiller

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3547914 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 793-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Ansarifar ◽

N. Ibrahim ◽

M. Bennett

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Energy Density ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Stored Energy ◽

Tear Strength ◽

Precipitated Silica

Abstract The effect of a large amount of precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller, pre-treated with bis[3-triethoxysilylpropyl-)tetrasulfide (TESPT), on the mechanical properties of a sulfur-cured natural rubber (NR) was studied. TESPT chemically adheres silica to rubber and also prevents silica from interfering with the reaction mechanism of sulfur-cure. The silica particles were fully dispersed in the rubber, which was cured primarily by using sulfur in TESPT, or, by adding a small amount of elemental sulfur to the cure system. The cure was also optimized by incorporating sulphenamide accelerator and zinc oxide into the rubber. The hardness, tear strength, tensile strength, and stored energy density at break of the vulcanizate were substantially improved when the filler was added. Interestingly, these properties were also enhanced when the rubber was cured primarily by using sulfur in TESPT.

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