Meal Patterns, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythm

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga ◽  
Marta Garaulet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Meal Patterns

scholarly journals Sleep, circadian rhythm and body weight: parallel developments

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Meal Patterns

Circadian alignment is crucial for body-weight management, and for metabolic health. In this context, circadian alignment consists of alignment of sleep, meal patterns and physical activity. During puberty a significant reduction in sleep duration occurs, and pubertal status is inversely associated with sleep duration. A consistent inverse association between habitual sleep duration and body-weight development occurs, independent of possible confounders. Research on misalignment reveals that circadian misalignment affects sleep-architecture and subsequently disturbs glucose–insulin metabolism, substrate oxidation, leptin- and ghrelin concentrations, appetite, food reward, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis activity and gut-peptide concentrations enhancing positive energy balance and metabolic disturbance. Not only aligning meals and sleep in a circadian way is crucial, also regular physical activity during the day strongly promotes the stability and amplitude of circadian rhythm, and thus may serve as an instrument to restore poor circadian rhythms. Endogenicity may play a role in interaction of these environmental variables with a genetic predisposition. In conclusion, notwithstanding the separate favourable effects of sufficient daily physical activity, regular meal patterns, sufficient sleep duration and quality sleep on energy balance, the overall effect of the amplitude and stability of the circadian rhythm, perhaps including genetic predisposition, may integrate the separate effects in an additive way.

The relationship between physical activity, BMI, circadian rhythm, and sleep with cognition in bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Burgess ◽  
Andrew J. Bradley ◽  
Kirstie N. Anderson ◽  
P. Gallagher ◽  
R. Hamish McAllister-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Activity Levels

Abstract Background Cognitive deficits affect a significant proportion of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Problems with sustained attention have been found independent of mood state and the causes are unclear. We aimed to investigate whether physical parameters such as activity levels, sleep, and body mass index (BMI) may be contributing factors. Methods Forty-six patients with BD and 42 controls completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and wore a triaxial accelerometer for 21 days which collected information on physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm. Ex-Gaussian analyses were used to characterise reaction time distributions. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine whether physical activity, BMI, circadian rhythm, and sleep predicted variance in the performance of cognitive tasks. Results Neither physical activity, BMI, nor circadian rhythm predicted significant variance on any of the cognitive tasks. However, the presence of a sleep abnormality significantly predicted a higher intra-individual variability of the reaction time distributions on the Attention Network Task. Conclusions This study suggests that there is an association between sleep abnormalities and cognition in BD, with little or no relationship with physical activity, BMI, and circadian rhythm.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM ON BALANCE PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Karagul ◽  
Gulbin Rudarli Nalcakan ◽  
Yeliz Dogru ◽  
Murat Tas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Balance Performance

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of circadian rhythm on dynamic balance performance and to determine the role of physical activity level, body temperature, chronotype, and gender in this possible effect. Material andmethods. Forty-two young male and female subjects with different physical activity levels participated in the study. A dynamic equilibrium test, a Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), was conducted at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00 on three different days with at least two days of interval between tests. The test scores were calculated by dividing the reaching distances by the leg length and multiplying the quotient by 100. The physical activity level and sleep state were evaluated using questionnaires. Before each test, body temperatures were measured orally. Results. The best SEBT scores were found at 13:00 and 17:00 in the male group and in the trained group. The body temperature changes increased parallel to SEBT scores. The scores for the non-dominant leg were found to be significantly different in posterior test directions, and those for the dominant leg were different in anterior directions. Chronotype did not affect the test results. Conclusions. Circadian rhythm was found to have an effect on dynamic balance performance. Body temperature, gender, and physical activity level were also found to play a role in this effect.

scholarly journals SALIVARY CORTISOL AND METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENT’S ASSOCIATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiane Izidorio GARBELLOTTO ◽  
Fernanda Jardim REIS ◽  
Ana Maria Pandolfo FEOLI ◽  
Carla Haas PIOVESAN ◽  
Andréia da Silva GUSTAVO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ABSTRACT Background: Actually the lifestyle exposes the population to several risk factors related to alimentary habits and less physical activity that contributes to chronic diseases appearance worldwide. Aim: To analyze the association between salivary cortisol and the components of metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. As part of it, 28 individuals aged 30-59 years presenting three or more of the following findings: CA: ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men; SBP>130 mmHg and DBP>85 mmHg; GL>100 mg/dl; TG>150 mg/dl; HDL<40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women. Was performed analysis of salivary cortisol (by radioimmunoassay) from 25 salivary samples collected throughout the day, for evaluating changes in the circadian rhythm of this hormone (8AM, noon and 8PM). Results: 28 evaluated individuals had a mean age of 51.9±7.5 years, mostly women (64.3%) and a mean of BMI 33.6±3.2 kg/m². The cortisol level from the 8AM averaged 18.7±4.8 ng/dlL. Individuals with FPG>110mg/dl, have significantly lower average levels of cortisol than ones with FPG <110 (12.8±5,2 vs. 17.3±4.2). Significant correlations were HOMA vs. WC (r=0,465; p˂0,005) and TG (r=0,473; p˂0,005), WC vs. FG (r=0,446; p˂0,005) and BMI (r=0,730; p˂0.0001); TG vs. HDL (r=0,441 p˂0,005) and FG (r=0,440; p˂0,005). Conclusion: Morning salivary cortisol in subjects with chronically elevated blood glucose can represent a downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. This is an important finding not yet well investigated.

scholarly journals Le abitudini al tempo del Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
David Mariani ◽  
Raffaele Picco ◽  
Francesca Capitanini ◽  
Alex Porciani ◽  
Marco Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Isolation Effects ◽  
Difficult Times

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the humankind in December 2019, is steering quick and drastic changes to our habits. The goal of our research is the analysis of the emotional, healthy and physiological effects of this radical routine disruption, in a sample of 3000 Italian people. Methods: We made use of a 5-days flash survey in an anonymous way, available from April the 5th until April the 10th. Results: As expected, results show a healthy decrease, after just one month of lockdown, at several stages: emotional, relational, nutritional and physical. Conclusions: This quarantine period can be considered as an extreme example of immediate sedentary and isolation effects on people. Home habits such as basic physical activity, circadian rhythm routine, proper diet, and correct information consumption can be useful to increase our resilience in difficult times like the current one, but also in our next future.

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