Composition of Functions


1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Peterson

If G is an additive (but not necessarily abelian) group and S is a semigroup of endomorphisms of G, the endomorphism near-ring R of G generated by S consists of all the expressions of the form ɛ1s1+…+ɛnsnwhere ɛi=±1 and si∈S for each i. When functions are written on the right, R forms a distributively generated left near-ring under pointwise addition and composition of functions. A basic reference on near-rings which has a substantial treatment of endomorphism near-rings is [6].





1990 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kisielewicz


Author(s):  
Jutta Hausen ◽  
Johnny A. Johnson

AbstractGiven an R-module M, the centralizer near-ring ℳR (M) is the set of all functions f: M → M with f(xr)= f(x)r for all x ∈ M and r∈R endowed with point-wise addition and composition of functions as multiplication. In general, ℳR(M) is not a ring but is a near-ring containing the endomorphism ring ER(M) of M. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions are derived for ℳR(M) to be a ring. For the case that R is a Dedekind domain, the R-modules M are characterized for which (i) ℳR(M) is a ring; and (ii)ℳR(M) = ER(M). It is shown that over Dedekind domains with finite prime spectrum properties (i) and (ii) are equivalent.



2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Logachev

Abstract We prove a criterion of perfect balance for sliding superposition of functions over an arbitrary finite alphabet. We also give examples of applying this result to the construction of perfectly balanced functions that are not permutations with respect to the first and to the last variable.



2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Ulfa Lu’luatul Hidayah ◽  
Nur Rohman ◽  
Anita Dewi Utami

This qualitative descriptive study aims to describe the level of student understanding of function composition based on the SOLO taxonomy. This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Islamiyah Balen on science class X students school year 2019/2020 with 20 subjects. Sampling using stratified sampling techniques (conditional sample) and purposive sampling (sample aims) see the results of written tests that refer to the grid of test questions and sampling data sources with specific considerations. Analysis of the level of understanding with PKLM1, PKLM2, PKLR1, PKLR2, PKLE1, and PKLE2. Data analysis using the test method and interview method and test the data's validity using the triangulation of data sources and triangulation of methods. The results showed three levels of students' understanding of the composition of functions based on SOLO taxonomy, namely multi structural, relational, and extended abstract.   Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan level pemahaman siswa pada konsep komposisi fungsi berdasar taksonomi SOLO.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Islamiyah Balen pada siswa kelas X IPA tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan jumlah 20 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik stratified sampling (sampel bersyarat) dan purposive sampling (sampel bertujuan) yaitu melihat hasil tes tulis yang mengacu pada kisi-kisi soal tes serta pengambilan sampel sumber data dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Analisis level pemahaman dengan subyek PKLM1, PKLM2, PKLR1, PKLR2, PKLE1, dan PKLE2. Analisis data menggunakan metode tes dan metode wawancara, serta uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada tiga level pemahaman siswa pada konsep komposisi fungsi berdasar taksonomi SOLO yaitu multistruktural, relasional, dan extended abstract.



2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Tamar Paz ◽  
Uri Leron

Functions are all around us, disguised as actions on concrete objects. Composition of functions, too, is all around us, because these actions can be performed in succession, the output of one serving as the input for the next. In terms of Gray and Tall's (2001) “embodied objects” or Lakoff and Núñez's (2000) “mathematical idea analysis,” this “embodied scheme” of action on objects may serve as intuitive grounding for the function concept. However, as Gray, Tall, and their colleagues have shown, such embodied schemes can also lead to serious “epistemological obstacles” in later stages of concept development. In the same vein, our own data show that the intuitions about change and invariance entailed by the action-on-objects scheme, although helpful in earlier stages of learning functions, may later come to clash with the formal concepts of function and of composition of functions.



Author(s):  
Pervaiz Iqbal ◽  
Rubeena Khaliq ◽  
Aadil Rashid Sheergojri

Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's illness patients are in danger of colon cancer due to chronic inflammation, resulting from the reaction of the immune system to bacterial disease caused by genetic alterations in the colonic mucosa. Somatic cells gain genomic changes, such as TP53 that regulates MUC2 production and APC alterations linked with 𝛽-catenin and MUC1 contribution in the slight proliferation of cells. Mathematical modeling describes developmental modifications and uses the phrases to link parameter to curves of age-dependent incidence of epidemiological cancer. By using the long-lasting investigation of IBD patients to gather the genomic estimations for increasingly exact computations of IBD-explicit developmental parameters as initiation, birth, and death. Colon cancer genetic trajectory follows the structure of the composition of functions that leads to malignancies. Models of population level can be utilized to consolidate epidemiological information and in this manner describe malignant growth advancement in a population with IBD.



1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Moseenkov


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