How diagnostic technologies contribute to the interpretation of the Byzantine icons

2004 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Icons ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

Progress and Challenges in Laboratory-Based Diagnostic and Screening Approaches for Aneuploidy Detection during Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 247263032110217
Author(s):  
Lindsay Schneider ◽  
Anubhav Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Collection ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Screening Approaches

Aneuploidy is caused by problems during cellular division and segregation errors during meiosis that lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes and initiate significant genetic abnormalities during pregnancy or the loss of a fetus due to miscarriage. Screening and diagnostic technologies have been developed to detect this genetic condition and provide parents with critical information about their unborn child. In this review, we highlight the complexities of aneuploidy as a disease as well as multiple technological advancements in testing that help to identify aneuploidy at various time points throughout pregnancy. We focus on aneuploidy diagnosis during preimplantation genetic testing that is performed during in vitro fertilization as well as prenatal screening and diagnosis during pregnancy. This review focuses on DNA-based analysis and laboratory techniques for aneuploidy detection through reviewing molecular- and engineering-based technical advancements. We also present key challenges in aneuploidy detection during pregnancy, including sample collection, mosaic embryos, economic factors, and the social implications of this testing. The goal of this review is to synthesize broad information about aneuploidy screening and diagnostic sample collection and analysis during pregnancy and discuss major challenges the field is still facing despite decades of advancements.

Advances in Biosensors and Diagnostic Technologies Using Nanostructures and Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
pp. 2104126
Author(s):  
E. Celeste Welch ◽  
Jessica M. Powell ◽  
Tobias B. Clevinger ◽  
Alexis E. Fairman ◽  
Anita Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Technologies

Evaluating New Treatments and Diagnostic Technologies in Obstetrics: Practical Problems, Ethics, and Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Lilford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Clinical Experiments

This article develops arguments for the use of decision theory, rather than intuition, to determine the size of trials. It is wrong to expect doctors to ignore personal preferences in favor of clinical experiments unless the trial is capable of showing differences in treatment effect that would influence clinical practice substantially. It follows from our analysis that if delta (the treatment effect that the trial is designed to detect) is sufficient to alter clinical practice, then the alpha and beta errors of a trial should be equal. This applies even if a new treatment is to be compared with conventional therapy or if a treatment with high “costs” is compared with a less invasive or more inexpensive method.

Squamous cell carcinoma DNA detection using ultrabright SERS nanorattles and magnetic beads for head and neck cancer molecular diagnostics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 5550-5556 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vohra ◽  
H. T. Ngo ◽  
W. T. Lee ◽  
T. Vo-Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

A rise in head and neck cancers in low and middle countries over recent years has prompted the need for low-cost, resource-efficient diagnostic technologies.

scholarly journals Molecular Sovereignty: Building a Blood Screening Test for the Brazilian Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Koichi Kameda
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Universal Healthcare System ◽  
Blood Screening

This article interrogates the relationship between the development of national diagnostic technologies and the exercise of sovereignty, by analysing a Brazilian project to produce a nucleic acid test (NAT) for the country’s blood screening programme. The concept of ‘molecular sovereignty’ is proposed to demonstrate that exercising sovereignty demands not only technological resources but also a sufficiently powerful and national imaginary to support local knowledge production as a means of advancing national healthcare priorities. First, this research article contextualises the political importance of blood safety for Brazil during its transition to democracy in the 1980s and the creation of its universal healthcare system. Then, it investigates how adopting the NAT led the state to invest in the production of a national technology. Third, the article unpacks the diagnostic test to consider how certain aspects of the project might ultimately strengthen the ability of global capital to cross national boundaries and create new markets. Lastly, it discusses how the project ended up creating a centralised and ‘closed’ system to avoid leaving the country vulnerable to the entry of global diagnostic companies. This case demonstrates how the molecularisation of blood, through the construction of a unified healthcare system driven by the constitutional right to health, can be deployed to construct imagined communities on the scale of a nation.

scholarly journals PATHOGENETIC JUSTIFICATION OF NEW APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF ORAL CAVITY IN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PARODONTITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Базарный ◽  
Vladimir Bazarnyy ◽  
Лариса Полушина ◽  
Larisa Polushina ◽  
Арина Максимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

Introduction. A variety of concepts and approaches to the analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, results in increased interest in the search for highly informative diagnostic methods, especially at the stage of pre-clinical manifestations. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibilities of modern technologies in diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Materials and methods. We studied original papers on the diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions from several databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. Results. The review presents both generally accepted and alternative approaches to the diagnostics of different clinical manifestations in temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. We described the diagnostic value of occlusal disorders analysis in universal articulators, virtual articulators, T-scan system. Capabilities of teleroentgenography, axiography, electromyography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging were estimated as well. Conclusions. The literature review on the problem of diagnosing the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions showed a scientifically based spectrum of diagnostic capabilities of modern dentistry, a trend in the development of highly informative digital diagnostic technologies. Due to the diversity of the etiology and pathogenesis of the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions further in-depth studies of this issue are required.

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