Comparison of two wind and wave data sets from the North Atlantic

Abstract. Ocean heat storage is an essential component of the climate system and there is considerable interest in its accurate evaluation. There are a number of heat storage products produced by many different groups. These products are derived from Argo as well as other platforms, for example XBT and CTD, in the last decade. Here we compare two heat storage estimates for the North Atlantic 0–2000 m from 10° to 70° N. One derived solely from Argo data whilst the other is derived from Argo and other platforms. It is found that there is a positive trend in heat storage over the period 1999–2010. This trend is influenced by a strong air–sea interaction event in 2009–2010, and this reduces the upward trend 1999–2008 identified previously. Both data sets are consistent with each other for the layer 0–1000 m on a timescale of beyond 1 yr. There are significant differences at sub-annual time scales and in the layer 1000–2000 m.

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A new compilation of stomach content data for commercially important pelagic fish species in the northeast Atlantic

Earth System Science Data ◽

10.5194/essd-7-19-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. K. Pinnegar ◽

N. Goñi ◽

V. M. Trenkel ◽

H. Arrizabalaga ◽

W. Melle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Stomach Content ◽

Pelagic Fish ◽

Data Sets ◽

Bay Of Biscay ◽

Predator Prey ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Prey Items

Abstract. There is increasing demand for information on predator–prey interactions in the ocean as a result of legislative commitments aimed at achieving sustainable exploitation. However, comprehensive data sets are lacking for many fish species and this has hampered development of multispecies fisheries models and the formulation of effective food-web indicators. This work describes a new compilation of stomach content data for five pelagic fish species (herring, blue whiting, mackerel, albacore and bluefin tuna) sampled across the northeast Atlantic and submitted to the PANGAEA open-access data portal (www.pangaea.de). We provide detailed descriptions of sample origin and of the corresponding database structures. We describe the main results in terms of diet composition and predator–prey relationships. The feeding preferences of small pelagic fish (herring, blue whiting, mackerel) were sampled over a very broad geographic area within the North Atlantic basin, from Greenland in the west, to the Lofoten Islands in the east and from the Bay of Biscay northwards to the Arctic. This analysis revealed significant differences in the prey items selected in different parts of the region at different times of year. Tunas (albacore and bluefin) were sampled in the Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea. Dominant prey items for these species varied by location, year and season. This data compilation exercise represents one of the largest and most wide-ranging ever attempted for pelagic fish in the North Atlantic. The earliest data included in the database were collected in 1864, whereas the most recent were collected in 2012. Data sets are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.820041 and doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.826992.

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Effect of gas-transfer velocity parameterization choice on air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the European Arctic

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-12-1091-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1091-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Iwona Wrobel ◽

Jacek Piskozub

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Gas Transfer ◽

Data Sets ◽

Transfer Velocity ◽

The North ◽

European Arctic ◽

The North Atlantic

Abstract. The oceanic sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important part of the global carbon budget. Understanding uncertainties in the calculation of this net flux into the ocean is crucial for climate research. One of the sources of the uncertainty within this calculation is the parameterization chosen for the CO2 gas-transfer velocity. We used a recently developed software toolbox, called the FluxEngine (Shutler et al., 2016), to estimate the monthly air–sea CO2 fluxes for the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean, including the European Arctic, and for the global ocean using several published quadratic and cubic wind speed parameterizations of the gas-transfer velocity. The aim of the study is to constrain the uncertainty caused by the choice of parameterization in the North Atlantic Ocean. This region is a large oceanic sink of CO2, and it is also a region characterized by strong winds, especially in winter but with good in situ data coverage. We show that the uncertainty in the parameterization is smaller in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic than in the global ocean. It is as little as 5 % in the North Atlantic and 4 % in the European Arctic, in comparison to 9 % for the global ocean when restricted to parameterizations with quadratic wind dependence. This uncertainty becomes 46, 44, and 65 %, respectively, when all parameterizations are considered. We suggest that this smaller uncertainty (5 and 4 %) is caused by a combination of higher than global average wind speeds in the North Atlantic (> 7 ms−1) and lack of any seasonal changes in the direction of the flux direction within most of the region. We also compare the impact of using two different in situ pCO2 data sets (Takahashi et al. (2009) and Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v1.5 and v2.0, for the flux calculation. The annual fluxes using the two data sets differ by 8 % in the North Atlantic and 19 % in the European Arctic. The seasonal fluxes in the Arctic computed from the two data sets disagree with each other possibly due to insufficient spatial and temporal data coverage, especially in winter.

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Twelve thousand years of dust: the Holocene global dust cycle constrained by natural archives

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-11-869-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 869-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

S. Albani ◽

N. M. Mahowald ◽

G. Winckler ◽

R. F. Anderson ◽

L. I. Bradtmiller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Data Sets ◽

Dust Deposition ◽

Data Set ◽

The Holocene ◽

The North ◽

Dust Mass ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Mass Accumulation ◽

Natural Archives

Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in the climate system by interacting with radiation, clouds, and biogeochemical cycles. In addition, natural archives show that the dust cycle experienced variability in the past in response to global and local climate change. The compilation of the DIRTMAP (Dust Indicators and Records from Terrestrial and MArine Palaeoenvironments) paleodust data sets in the last 2 decades provided a benchmark for paleoclimate models that include the dust cycle, following a time slice approach. We propose an innovative framework to organize a paleodust data set that builds on the positive experience of DIRTMAP and takes into account new scientific challenges by providing a concise and accessible data set of temporally resolved records of dust mass accumulation rates and particle grain size distributions. We consider data from ice cores, marine sediments, loess–paleosol sequences, lake sediments, and peat bogs for this compilation, with a temporal focus on the Holocene period. This global compilation allows the investigation of the potential, uncertainties, and confidence level of dust mass accumulation rate reconstructions and highlights the importance of dust particle size information for accurate and quantitative reconstructions of the dust cycle. After applying criteria that help to establish that the data considered represent changes in dust deposition, 45 paleodust records have been identified, with the highest density of dust deposition data occurring in the North Atlantic region. Although the temporal evolution of dust in the North Atlantic appears consistent across several cores and suggests that minimum dust fluxes are likely observed during the early to mid-Holocene period (6000–8000 years ago), the magnitude of dust fluxes in these observations is not fully consistent, suggesting that more work needs to be done to synthesize data sets for the Holocene. Based on the data compilation, we used the Community Earth System Model to estimate the mass balance of and variability in the global dust cycle during the Holocene, with dust loads ranging from 17.2 to 20.8 Tg between 2000 and 10 000 years ago and with a minimum in the early to mid-Holocene (6000–8000 years ago).

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Visual Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Trends in Time-Dependent Ensemble Data Sets on the Example of the North Atlantic Oscillation

2021 IEEE 14th Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis) ◽

10.1109/pacificvis52677.2021.00017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dominik Vietinghoff ◽

Christian Heine ◽

Michael Bottinger ◽

Nicola Maher ◽

Johann Jungclaus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Data Sets ◽

The North ◽

Ensemble Data ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

The North Atlantic Oscillation

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Biogeography of jellyfish in the North Atlantic, by traditional and genomic methods

Earth System Science Data ◽

10.5194/essd-7-173-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 173-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. Licandro ◽

M. Blackett ◽

A. Fischer ◽

A. Hosia ◽

J. Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Data Sets ◽

Atlantic Basin ◽

Scientific Debate ◽

North Atlantic Basin ◽

The North ◽

Key Species ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The Eu

Abstract. Scientific debate on whether or not the recent increase in reports of jellyfish outbreaks represents a true rise in their abundance has outlined a lack of reliable records of Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Here we describe different jellyfish data sets produced within the EU programme EURO-BASIN. These data were assembled with the aim of creating an improved baseline and providing new data that can be used to evaluate the current diversity and standing stocks of jellyfish in the North Atlantic region. Using a net adapted to sample gelatinous zooplankton quantitatively, cnidarians and ctenophores were collected from the epipelagic layer during spring–summer 2010–2013, in inshore and offshore waters between lat 59 and 68° N and long 62° W and 5° E. Jellyfish were also identified and counted in samples opportunistically collected by other sampling equipment in the same region and at two coastal stations in the Bay of Biscay and in the Gulf of Cádiz. Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) samples collected in 2009–2012 were re-analysed with the aim of identifying the time and location of cnidarian blooms across the North Atlantic Basin. Overall the data show high variability in jellyfish abundance and diversity, mainly in relation to different water masses and bathymetry. Higher densities were generally recorded on the shelves, where the communities tend to be more diverse due to the presence of meropelagic medusae. Comparison of net records from the G.O. Sars transatlantic cruise shows that information on jellyfish diversity differs significantly depending on the sampling gear utilised. Indeed, the big trawls mostly collect relatively large scyphozoan and hydrozoan species, while small hydrozoans and early stages of Ctenophora are only caught by smaller nets. Based on CPR data from 2009 to 2012, blooms of cnidarians occurred in all seasons across the whole North Atlantic Basin. Molecular analysis revealed that, contrary to previous hypotheses, the CPR is able to detect blooms of meroplanktonic and holoplanktonic hydrozoans and scyphozoans. Through combination of different types of data, key jellyfish taxa for the spring–summer period were identified in the northern North Atlantic regions. Key species for the central and southern North Atlantic could be inferred based on the blooms identified by the CPR survey, although this should be confirmed further by comparison with quantitative data. The identification by DNA barcoding of 23 jellyfish specimens collected during the EURO-BASIN cruises contributes to increasing the still very limited number of jellyfish sequences available on GenBank. All observations presented here can be downloaded from PANGAEA (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.835732).

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Biogeography of jellyfish in the North Atlantic, by traditional and genomic methods

Earth System Science Data Discussions ◽

10.5194/essdd-7-629-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 629-667

Author(s):

P. Licandro ◽

M. Blackett ◽

A. Fischer ◽

A. Hosia ◽

J. Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Data Sets ◽

Atlantic Basin ◽

Scientific Debate ◽

North Atlantic Basin ◽

The North ◽

Key Species ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The Eu

Abstract. Scientific debate on whether the recent increase in reports of jellyfish outbreaks is related to a true rise in their abundance, have outlined the lack of reliable records of Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Here we describe different data sets produced within the EU program EUROBASIN, which have been assembled with the aim of presenting an up to date overview of the diversity and standing stocks of jellyfish in the North Atlantic region. Using a net adapted to sample gelatinous zooplankton quantitatively, Cnidaria and Ctenophora were collected in the epipelagic layer during spring-summer 2010–2013, in inshore and offshore waters between 59–68° N Lat and 62° W–5° E Long. Jellyfish were also identified and counted in samples opportunistically collected by other sampling equipment in the same region and at two coastal stations in the Bay of Biscay and in the Gulf of Cadiz. Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) samples collected in 2009–2012 were re-analysed with the aim of identifying the time and location of Cnidarian blooms across the North Atlantic basin. Overall the data show high variability in jellyfish abundance and diversity, mainly in relation with different water masses and with the bathymetry. Higher densities were generally recorded on the shelves, where populations tend to be more diversified due to the presence of meropelagic medusae. Comparisons of net records from the G.O. Sars transatlantic cruise show that information on jellyfish diversity differs significantly depending on the sampling gear utilised. Indeed, the big trawls mostly collect relatively large scyphozoan and hydrozoan species, while small hydrozoans and early stages of ctenophora are only caught by smaller nets. Based on CPR data from 2009–2012, blooms of Cnidarians occurred in all seasons across the whole North Atlantic basin. Molecular analysis revealed that, in contrast with what was previously hypothesized, the CPR is able to detect blooms of meroplanktonic and holoplanktonic hydrozoans and scyphozoans. Combining different types of data, key jellyfish taxa for the spring-summer period were identified in the northern North Atlantic regions. Key species for the central and southern North Atlantic could be inferred based on Cnidarian blooms identified by the CPR survey, although this should be confirmed further by comparison with quantitative data. The identification by DNA barcoding of 23 jellyfish specimens collected during the EUROBASIN cruises contributes to increasing the still very limited number of jellyfish sequences available on GenBank. All observations presented here can be downloaded from PANGAEA (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.835732).

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The Currents of the North Atlantic

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican09171892-13940supp ◽

1892 ◽

Vol 34 (872supp) ◽

pp. 13940-13941

Author(s):

Richard Beynon

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

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