scholarly journals Increased extracellular water compartment, relative to intracellular water compartment, after weight reduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter D. Van Marken Lichtenbelt ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Total Body

The hydration of fat free mass (FFM) and extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) compartments were studied in 30 obese premenopausal women before and after a 3-mo weight-reduction program and again after a 9-mo weight-maintenance program. Body fat was determined by a four-compartment model. Total body water and ECW were determined by deuterium dilution and bromide dilution, respectively. After the weight-reduction period, mean weight loss was 12.8 kg, and body fat was reduced on average by 10.9 kg. During weight maintenance, changes in body mass and body fat were not significant. Before weight reduction, mean ECW/ICW ratio was relatively high (0.78 ± 0.10). During the the study, total body water and ICW did not change significantly. ECW did not change significantly after weight reduction, but 12 mo after the start ECW was significantly increased by 1 liter. The ECW/ICW ratio increased to 0.87 ± 0.12 ( month 12). The hydration of the FFM increased from 74 ± 1 to 77 ± 2% during the weight reduction and remained elevated during weight maintenance. In conclusion, the ECW/ICW ratio and the hydration of the FFM, did not normalize during weight reduction and weight maintenance.

scholarly journals Deuterium and Bromide Dilution, and Bioimpedance Spectrometry Independently Show That Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults Have an Enlarged Extracellular Water Compartment Related to Intracellular Water

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt ◽  
Yvonne E. M. Snel ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer ◽  
Hans P. F. Koppeschaar
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gh Deficiency In Adults

Abstract GH has a strong influence on body composition. However, the effects of GH deficiency in adults on water compartments are not well understood. Therefore, extracellular water (ECW) and total body water were independently determined by deuterium and bromide dilution and by bioimpedance spectrometry in GH-deficient (GHD) adults and compared to those in controls, matched for age, sex, body weight, and height. The results show that the percent body fat was significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and total body water and intracellular water (ICW) were significantly lower in GHD adults for males, females, and both sexes combined. ECW was not significantly different between the two groups. ECW/ICW in GHD adults (0.42 ± 0.03) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that in controls (0.39 ± 0.02). There was a significant positive relation between the ECW/ICW ratio and the percent body fat. These results were confirmed by the bioimpedance spectrometry measurements.

scholarly journals Body composition of lactating women determined by anthropometry and deuterium dilution

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Wong ◽  
Nancy F. Butte ◽  
E. O'brian Smith ◽  
Cutberto Garza ◽  
Peter D. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
Total Body

1. Body fat, fat-free mass and total body water of ten lactating women were estimated from deuterium-dilution spaces and from skinfold thickness measurements. Deuterium-dilution spaces were calculated from the 6 h (equilibration) and zero-time (extrapolation) deuterium enrichments in saliva, urine, human milk and breath water vapour samples.2. The deuterium spaces obtained by equilibration were statistically larger than those obtained by extrapolation. Isotope dilution spaces derived from deuterium enrichments in saliva, breath water vapour and human milk did not differ with the exception of the 6 h equilibration value of milk, which was greater than that estimated from saliva. Deuterium-dilution spaces estimated from urine were consistently smaller than those derived from the other biological fluids.3. No significant differences in body fat, fat-free mass and total body water were observed between anthropometric measurements and deuterium-dilution methods, except for extrapolated values derived from deuterium enrichments in urine.

scholarly journals Between-laboratory comparison of densitometry and bio-electrical impedance measurements

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Erica J. M. Velthuis-Te Wierik
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Body composition was measured in nine healthy, normal-weight, weight-stable subjects in three different research centres. In each centre the usual procedures for the measurements were followed. It revealed that the measurement procedures in the three centres were comparable. Body composition was measured in each centre between 09.00 and 13.00 hours after a light breakfast by densitometry (underwater weighing) and bio-electrical impedance. A single, total-body-water determination by D2O dilution was used as a reference value. Body fat determined by densitometry was significantly lower in one centre, which, however, could be completely explained by a lower body weight, probably due to water loss (the subjects refrained for a longer time from food and drinks before the measurements in that centre) and, thus, by violation of the assumptions of Siri's (1961) formula. Also, body impedance was slightly higher in that centre, indicating a lower amount of body water. Mean body fat from densitometry was also slightly lower in that centre compared with body fat determined by D2O dilution. Individual differences between body fat from densitometry and from total body water were relatively large, up to 7% body fat. The relationship between fat-free mass from densitometry and bio-electrical impedance was not different between the centres. It is concluded that differences in the relationship between body composition and bio-electrical impedance, as reported in the literature, may be due to differences in standardization procedures and/or differences in reference population.

Fat-Free Mass and Percent Body Fat Assessments by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Densitometry and Total Body Water

1993 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Rita Wellens ◽  
Alex F. Roche ◽  
Shumei Guo ◽  
William C. Chumlea ◽  
Roger M. Siervogel
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

Fat-free mass, total body water, and intracellular water in the aged rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. R82-R90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Lesser ◽  
S. Deutsch ◽  
J. Markofsky
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Total Body

Total body water (TBW) and intracellular water (ICW = TBW minus extracellular water), when related to fat-free body mass (FFB), were recently observed to remain stable in healthy aged men and women. To expand these findings, a group of male Sprague-Dawley rats was followed from weaning to death. The design minimized several perturbations common to aging studies. At about 100-day intervals from 297 to 888 days, representative animals were killed for chemical studies. TBW/FFB was stable from 362 to 715 days, then significantly higher at 800 and 888 days. Extracellular water content of the fat-free body (ECW/FFB) increased significantly during middle life (362--579 days), then remained stable through 888 days. Changes of ICW/FFB were not significant. Aside from a uniquely higher value at 638 days, protein content did not differ significantly at any age. The stability of these major constituents suggested approximate maintenance of cell mass in healthy rats at late ages, a conclusion supported by additional observations of this colony and of an aged human population. We are unable to confirm the hypothesis that loss of FFB is part of the normal aging process.

Effect of total body water estimates via bioimpedance on bod pod-based three-compartment body fat models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Nickerson ◽  
Samantha V. Narvaez ◽  
Mitzy I. Juarez ◽  
Stefan A. Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals In vivo total body water assessment by total body electrical conductivity in rats suffering perturbations of water compartment equilibrium

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Battistini ◽  
F. Virgili ◽  
G. Bedogni ◽  
G. R. Gambella ◽  
A. Bini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Highly Correlated

Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a simple and non-invasive method for the assessment of body composition in vivo. Information regarding the applicability of TOBEC in the condition of abnormal fluid balance is scarce. In the present paper we give the results of the comparison between TOBEC and total body water (TBW; assessed by the tritium dilution technique) in three groups of animals: (1) healthy (n 17), (2) expanded fluid volume by secondary biliary cirrhosis (SBC; n 9) and (3) Fiirosemide®-treated rats (n 9). The TOBEC score and TBW by tritium dilution were found to be highly correlated in the pooled sample (r 0·90) and in normal (r 0.·87), SBC (r 0·73) and Furosemide-treated (r 0·89) rats. However, the relationship between TOBEC and TBW, described by least-squares regression analysis, was found to be similar for SBC and normal rats but was significantly different for Furosemide-treated and normal rats. These findings suggest that TOBEC is unable to track TBW accurately when the ratio between intracellular and extracellular water is chronically or acutely altered.

scholarly journals The Reciprocal Association between Fitness Indicators and Sleep Quality in the Context of Recent Sport Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Vasileios T. Stavrou ◽  
Kyriaki Astara ◽  
Zoe Daniil ◽  
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽  
Konstantinos Kalabakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the oxygen uptake and heart rate at rest, in Greek professional soccer players, are affected by recent injuries, as well as how sleep quality is affected. Forty-two male professional soccer players were included in the study and divided into two groups: injurygroup (n = 22, age: 21.6 ± 5.4 years, body fat: 11.0 ± 3.9%, total body water: 64.0 ± 2.5%) and no-injurygroup (n = 20, age: 24.2 ± 5.6 years, body fat: 10.1 ± 2.8%, total body water: 64.3 ± 1.8%). The oxygen uptake at rest (VO2resting, mL/min/kg) and heart rate (HR, bpm) were recorded in the upright position for 3 min, and the predicted values were calculated. One hour before, the athletes answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results showed a difference between groups (injurygroup vs. no-injurygroup) in VO2resting (7.5 ± 1.4 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2 mL/min/kg, p < 0.001) and percent of predicted values (92.5 ± 17.2 vs. 68.3 ± 14.6%, p < 0.001) and HR, such as beats per min (100.6 ± 12.8 vs. 93.1 ± 4.6 bpm, p = 0.001), percent of predicted values (50.7 ± 6.4 vs. 47.6 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003) and sleep quality score (PSQI: 4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.005). Anthropometric characteristics were not different between groups. Oxygen consumption and heart rate at rest are affected by the systemic adaptations due to injury. These pathophysiological changes probably relate to increased blood flow in an attempt to restore the injury area.

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