Ingroup Bias and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Aberson ◽  
Michael Healy ◽  
Victoria Romero
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Collective Self Esteem

A meta-analysis examined the relation between self-esteem and ingroup bias. The project focused on effects of ingroup bias strategy and measurement of self-esteem. Results indicated that high-self-esteem individuals exhibited more ingroup bias than did low-self-esteem individuals. Bias strategy and self-esteem measurement moderated this relation. When using “direct” ingroup bias strategies, high-self-esteem individuals showed more bias than did low-self-esteem individuals. When using “indirect” strategies, groups exhibited comparable amounts of bias. Results were comparable for collective and personal self-esteem measures. Examination of specific collective measures indicated that self-esteem defined by the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) did not predict differences in ingroup bias, whereas group identification measures did predict differences in ingroup bias. Results are interpreted as indicating that both high and low-self-esteem individuals exhibit ingroup bias; however, expression of ingroup bias by individuals with low self-esteem is constrained by situational factors. Furthermore, individual-level factors such as personal self-esteem may be useful in predicting collective enhancement.

LOW SELF-ESTEEM AND INGROUP BIAS

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Aberson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
Self Consistency

This study examines the effect of collective self-esteem on ingroup bias exhibited through traditional measures (attributions) and alternative strategies (basking in reflected glory). Seventyseven U.S. college students were divided into minimally defined groups, worked together on a series of tasks, received performance feedback, completed the Collective Self-esteem scale (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) and then rated similarity to both groups and attributed performances to a variety of causes. It was predicted and found that low self-esteem individuals utilized basking in reflected glory more than individuals with higher self-esteem. Additionally, high self-esteem individuals exhibited greater bias through use of attributional ratings. Results are interpreted as evidence for the mediating role of self-consistency needs on ingroup bias strategies (e.g. Brown, Collins, & Schmidt, 1988).

Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias.

1990 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Crocker ◽  
Riia Luhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Collective Self Esteem

INGROUP BIAS AND SELF-ESTEEM: A META ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Aberson
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Social Identity Theory contains two seemingly incompatible predictions regarding the relationship between self-esteem and ingroup bias. The first focuses on low self-esteem as motivation for bias, predicting that low self-esteem individuals exhibit more ingroup bias. The second posits that high self-esteem results from exhibiting bias, thus, high self-esteem individuals exhibit greater bias. A meta analysis examined the relationship between self-esteem and ingroup bias. Additionally, the project examined methodological issues such as the lack of consistency in measurement of self-esteem, artificial dichotomization of self-esteem scores, classification of individuals as low self-esteem, and theoretical considerations such as the use of different ingroup bias strategies and the role of social category salience. Thirty-four studies yielding 102 effect sizes from 6660 subjects were included in the analysis.Results indicated a consistent pattern whereby high self-esteem individuals exhibited more ingroup bias than did individuals with low self-esteem. However, this result was moderated by ingroup bias strategy. When using ingroup bias strategies that required ratings of ingroup superiority, high self-esteem individuals showed more ingroup bias than individuals with low self-esteem. However, when using "indirect" strategies, such as rating groups that the individual did not contribute to, differences between low and high self-esteem individuals were not found. This result leads to the conclusion that both groups exhibit ingroup bias; however, individuals with low self-esteem are limited in the types of bias they exhibit. The pattern of results held for all self-esteem measures except for the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES). No differences between low and high self-esteem individuals were found when scores on the CSES defined self-esteem. These results may however be an artifact of interactions with social identity salience. Methodological shortcomings were found in the definition of low self-esteem. Individuals were most commonly classified as "low self-esteem" based on median splits of self-esteem scores. This strategy resulted in classification of some individuals as low self-esteem despite relatively high self-esteem scores. Results of the current analysis are interpreted as indicating that individual level phenomena such as self-esteem may be predictive of group level behaviors. Implications for social identity theories are discussed.

Implicit collective self-esteem: A comparative analysis of Gelao and Han teenagers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lyu ◽  
Ningjian Liang ◽  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Rogelio Alejo Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we examined the differences in implicit collective self- esteem between Gelao and Han teenagers, using the Implicit Association Test. We also explored the relationship between participants' implicit and explicit collective self-esteem with the Implicit Association Test and the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem Scale. Participants were 169 teenagers residing in Gelao regions in China. The results showed that both Gelao and Han participants had an implicit collective self-esteem effect (i.e., tended to associate their own ethnic group with positive words and the other ethnic group with negative words), and this effect was significantly higher among Gelao than among Han participants. Further, scores on the importance-to-identity subscale of the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem scale were significantly higher in the Gelao versus the Han group. The correlation coefficients between implicit and explicit collective self-esteem for both groups were very low. The significance of the study findings is discussed.

Collective narcissism and explicit and implicit collective self-esteem revisited: A preregistered replication and extension

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 104144
Author(s):  
Ramzi Fatfouta ◽  
Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska ◽  
Jarosław Piotrowski ◽  
Maciej Kościelniak
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Collective Self Esteem
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