scholarly journals Expression and Biological Activity of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide in Pregnant Rat Uterine Artery: Any Role for 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α?

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Meziani ◽  
Angela Tesse ◽  
Sandra Welsch ◽  
Hélène Kremer ◽  
Mariette Barthelmebs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Pthrp Expression ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Pthrp Receptor

PTHrP is produced in vessels and acts as a local modulator of tone. We recently reported that PTHrP(1–34) is able to induce vasorelaxation in rat uterine arteries, but in pregnancy, this response is blunted and becomes strictly endothelium dependent. The present study aimed to get insights into the mechanisms involved in these changes because the adaptation of uterine blood flow is essential for fetal development. On d 20 of gestation, RT-PCR analysis of uterine arteries showed that PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) mRNA expression was decreased, whereas that of PTHrP mRNA was increased. This was associated with a redistribution of the PTHrP/PTH1R system, with both PTH1R protein and PTHrP peptide becoming concentrated in the intimal layer of arteries from pregnant rats. On the other hand, the blunted vasorelaxation induced by PTHrP(1–34) in uterine arteries from pregnant rats was specifically restored by indomethacin and a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, NS 398. This was associated with an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 expression and in 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α release when uterine arteries from pregnant rats were exposed to high levels of PTHrP(1–34). Most interestingly, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α itself was able to increase PTHrP expression and reduce PTH1R expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. These results suggest a local regulation of uterine artery functions by PTHrP during pregnancy resulting from PTH1R redistribution. Moreover, they shed light on a potential role of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α.

221. Localisation of relaxin receptors (Rxfp1) in the uterine artery and the effects of blocking circulating relaxin on passive mechanical wall properties in the uterine artery of late pregnant rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
L. A. Vodstrcil ◽  
J. Novak ◽  
M. Tare ◽  
M. E. Wlodek ◽  
L. J. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Wall Properties ◽  
Wall Stiffness

During pregnancy, the uteroplacental circulation undergoes dramatic alterations to allow for the large increase in blood flow to the feto-placental unit. These alterations are achieved through several mechanisms including structural changes in the uterine artery wall and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Small renal arteries of relaxin-deficient mice and rats have enhanced myogenic reactivity and decreased passive compliance, and are relatively vasoconstricted (Novak et al. 2001, 2006). To date, no study has identified relaxin receptors (Rxfp1) in arteries or investigated the effects of relaxin deficiency in pregnancy on uterine artery function. The aims of this current study were to: 1) localise Rxfp1 in the uterine arteries, 2) measure myogenic reactivity in small uterine arteries after relaxin treatment, and 3) test the hypothesis that blocking circulating relaxin in late pregnancy will increase uterine artery wall stiffness. We demonstrated that Rxfp1 is expressed in the uterine arteries of pregnant mice and rats. Brightfield immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using antibodies specific for rat Rxfp1, α-smooth muscle actin and CD31 localised Rxfp1 protein predominantly to the vascular smooth muscle in the uterine artery of pregnant rats. Administration of recombinant human H2 relaxin (4 ug/h) for 6 h or 5 days in intact and ovariectomised rats reduced myogenic reactivity of small uterine arteries in vitro. Pregnant rats were treated with a monoclonal antibody against circulating relaxin (MCA1) or control (MCAF) for 3 days (Days 17–19) and uterine arteries were mounted on a pressure myograph to assess passive mechanical wall properties. Neutralising circulating relaxin in late pregnancy resulted in a significant increase in uterine artery wall stiffness. These data demonstrate that relaxin acts on the vascular smooth muscle cells in the uterine artery and may be involved in the pregnancy-specific vascular remodelling of uterine arteries to increase vasodilation and blood flow to the uterus and placenta. (1) Novak J et al. (2001). J Clin Invest 107: 1469–75 (2) Novak J et al. (2006). FASEB J 20: 2352–62

scholarly journals Hormonal control of Luteal 20α-Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and Δ5-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase during luteolysis in the pregnant rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Rodway ◽  
N J Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Hydroxy Steroid ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

Treatment of pregnant rats with human chorionic gonadotrophin, luteotrophin (luteinizing hormone), luteotrophin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2α, aminoglutethimide, or by foetoplacental removal or hysterectomy achieved a common multiple-response pattern, namely increased activity of luteal 20α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase with decreased activity of delta5-3β-hydroxy steriod dehydrogenase and release of delta4-3-oxo steroids in vitro. 2. Similar effects of foetoplacental removal are noted in pregnant mice. 3. Gonadotrophin induced lower activities of 20α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, except at the very end of pregnancy, and partly inhibited the induction caused by foetoplacental removal. 4. The results suggest that existence of a placental factor that restrains these changes until the end of normal pregnancy, which is produced in amounts proportional to the number of placentae and is conveyed to the ovary via the blood. 5. This factor was not replaced by prolactin. 6. It is argued that neither placental lactogen nor pituitary luteotrophin participate in the induction of 20α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase at late pregnancy in the rat. 7. Aminoglutethimide induced 20α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase only in late pregnancy. This was partly reversed by progesterone, wholly reversed by progesterone plus oestrogen, and did not involve the pituitary.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Pregnant Rat Uterus by Sp-6 Acupuncture

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Sang Kim ◽  
Chang Su Na ◽  
Woo Jun Hwang ◽  
Byung Chul Lee ◽  
Ki Hyoung Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cox 2

As pregnancy advances, prostaglandins (PG) increase in the uterus, leading to elevated uterine contractility. Therefore, regulating the concentration of PG in the uterus can be a key factor for controlling the duration of labor. Since the synthesis of PGs in the uterus is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), devising a tool to regulate the expression of COX-2 could provide a method for treating complicated labor. In this study, Sp-6 acupuncture treatment was evaluated for its potential in controlling uterine motility. Immunohistochemical methods showed the COX-2 enzyme was primarily found in the endometrium and myometrium of rat uterus. COX-2 expression in these two locations were intensified by pregnancy, but reduced by acupuncture at the Sp-6 acupoint. Uterine motility monitored during Sp-6 acupuncture was reduced by 28.15% (p < 0.05) and 19.88% (p < 0.05) in pregnant rats and non-pregnant rats, respectively. The significant reduction of uterine motility in pregnant rat suggests a role for Sp-6 acupuncture in regulating the expression of COX-2 during pregnancy. These results suggest that Sp-6 acupuncture could be used as a complementary method for controlling labor in human pregnancy.

Pancreatic morphology in pregnant rats exposed to DuP-697 - the irreversible, highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Franciszek Burdan ◽  
Justyna Szumiło ◽  
Jarosław Dudka ◽  
Agnieszka Korobowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Fronczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pancreatic Morphology

Structural changes in uterine tissues after uterine artery embolization in patients with leiomyoma complicated by uterine bleeding

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
G P Titova ◽  
M M Damirov ◽  
L S Kokov ◽  
O N Oleynikova ◽  
G E Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Uterine Tumors

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is often complicated by the development of uterine bleeding. In urgent gynecology for the implementation of endovascular hemostasis, uterine artery embolization (UAE) is used. Performing UAE allows to stop and/or significantly reduce the intensity of bleeding and prepare a patient for surgical intervention. At the same time, the morphological changes that occur in uterine tissues in operated UL patients after performing the UAE are not studied. The aim was to study the peculiarities of pathomorphological changes in uterine tumors and tissues in operated UL patients complicated by uterine bleeding after performing UAE. Material and methods. The results of morphological changes appearing in tumors and tissues of the uterus in 39 operated UL patients, who were used for stopping uterine bleeding, were analyzed. Results. After applying different types of embolizing agents in macroscopic study of the uterus, signs of ischemia of its tissues were revealed, and the most pronounced disorders were detected in the UL nodes. Morphologically it was established that UAE microemboli resulted in vessel occlusion with increasing thrombosis in their distal sections. UAE was not accompanied by occlusal occlusion of the arteries and resulted in small-scale necrosis of the tumor with complete regeneration of the endometrium. Conclusions. The results of the morphological study showed that after the UAE was performed, the myomatous nodes underwent dystrophic, necrobiotic and necrotic changes. Depending on the nature of occlusion of the uterine arteries, various variants of necrosis (scale and completeness of the process) developed in the tumor tissue, which was aseptic in nature.

scholarly journals Mechanism underlying relaxation caused by prostaglandin F2α in isolated human uterine arteries.

1993 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Toshio Kimura ◽  
Tomio Okamura ◽  
Kazuhide Yoshida ◽  
Noboru Toda
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Uterine Arteries

PLASMA PROLACTIN AND PROGESTERONE RESPONSES TO MATING ARE ALTERED IN AGED RATS

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDRICKS ◽  
C. A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The effects of varying amounts of copulatory stimulation on patterns of plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were evaluated in 3- and 12-month-old female rats. The 12-month-old group included rats which still exhibited oestrous cycles and rats in persistent vaginal oestrus (PVO). The extent of copulatory stimulation was defined by the number of intromissions received during mating: ≤5,15 or > 50. Blood samples were drawn over the 8 days after mating through a cannula inserted into the right external jugular vein. Plasma from the samples was assayed for prolactin and progesterone. In aged but still cyclic rats, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the number of intromissions received during mating. Only one rat in PVO became pregnant. All animals which became pregnant and rats in PVO which, after mating, exhibited a disruption of the pattern of PVO, showed the nocturnal surge of plasma prolactin characteristic of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. While these surges persisted until day 8 after mating in pregnant animals, they were absent by this time in the rats in PVO. Prolactin surges were present in some but not all of the aged rats which did not become pregnant. Progesterone concentrations were raised in all pregnant animals except the one pregnant rat in PVO and, while not related to the number of intromissions, concentrations were higher 8 days after mating in young compared with those in aged pregnant rats. Plasma progesterone was low in rats in PVO regardless of disruption of the pattern of PVO. We have concluded that the failure of limited copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in older rats results, at least in part, from its failure to initiate nocturnal prolactin surges. Nevertheless, our data suggest that matings which are not experimentally limited should provide ample stimulation to establish such surges. Although reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone at pro-oestrus and reduced plasma progesterone through part of gestation may contribute to decreasing fertility in aged rats, other unidentified factors appear to be involved in mediating the capacity of extensive copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in these animals.

Glucose uptake and oxidation in fat cells of trained and sedentary pregnant rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Craig ◽  
J. Treadway
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Fat Pads

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between an exercise program and fetal development to determine whether training could influence insulin sensitivity in the pregnant rat. Prior to impregnation one group of animals was exercise trained on a Quinton shock-stimulus rodent treadmill. The exercised group was trained to run 5 days/wk, for 2.0 h/day at 31 m/min up an 8 degree incline for 8 wk before mating. Following mating the training intensity was reduced to 27 m/min up a 5 degree incline, and the exercise period decreased to 1 h/day. On day 19 of gestation, 24 h postexercise for the trained mothers, the animals were killed in the fed state and the parametrial fat pads were removed. The parametrial depot of the trained mother was smaller than the sedentary control dam. This was due to a change in cell size and did not involve alterations in cell number. Isolated adipocytes of the parametrial fat pads were used to measure the rates of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake and D-[1–14C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2. The results indicated that the adipocytes from the dam trained prior to and during pregnancy were significantly (P less than 0.05) more responsive to insulin than those of animals remaining sedentary during the same period. At the maximal insulin concentration tested, the fat cells from trained mothers were able to take up and metabolize approximately twice as much glucose as the sedentary control dams. However, the increase in insulin responsiveness induced by the training program did not match the changes observed in trained nonpregnant rats of prior investigations.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS IN PREGNANT RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. VAN ASSCHE ◽  
L. AERTS ◽  
W. GEPTS
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
The Individual

This present study has demonstrated that during normal pregnancy in the rat the number of β-cells is increased (hyperplasia) and the volume of the individual β-cells is increased (hypertrophy). During experimental diabetes, however, the endocrine pancreas has an impaired capacity to compensate during pregnancy. In the experimental diabetic pregnant rat the β-cells cannot replicate due to the unfavourable metabolic environment. This could reflect the complications caused by diabetes during human pregnancy.

Production rate, metabolic clearance rate and blood concentration of progesterone in conscious and anaesthetized pregnant rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Waddell ◽  
N. W. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats

ABSTRACT Both production rate and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of progesterone may vary rapidly and so effect short-term changes in blood concentration of the hormone. Here, a constant infusion and sampling technique was used to estimate these three characteristics of progesterone metabolism in seven conscious and ten anaesthetized rats on day 16 of pregnancy. After steady state was achieved, four samples were collected during a 1-h period from each rat. Mean values for production rate and MCR of progesterone in conscious rats were 14·0 ±1·4 μmol/day and 63·2 ± 6·2 litres/day respectively. Both values were substantially reduced in anaesthetized rats (8.6 ±0·8 μmol/ day and 39·4± 3·4 litres/day respectively) and so blood concentration was unchanged. The production rate was positively related to the total mass of luteal tissue (common correlation coefficient, r = 0·61, P <0·05). There were no consistent changes in the three characteristics with time but variation within rats was high. The estimated coefficients of variation for production rate, MCR and blood concentration within rats were 26, 18 and 17% in conscious and 27, 20 and 23% in anaesthetized rats respectively. Short-term changes in production rate and MCR generally were in the same direction (P <0·05). This reduced variation in blood concentration which would otherwise have occurred if production rate and MCR were unrelated. The pregnant rat is clearly capable of rapid shifts in production rate, MCR and blood concentration of progesterone and the positive relationship between production rate and MCR has a homeostatic effect on blood concentration. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 357–363

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