scholarly journals Growth Hormone and Sex Steroid Effects on Serum Glucose, Insulin, and Lipid Concentrations in Healthy Older Women and Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 3833-3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzer ◽  
S. Mitchell Harman ◽  
John D. Sorkin ◽  
Marc R. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Context: With aging, GH, IGF-I, and sex steroid concentrations and glucose tolerance decrease, and body fat and serum lipids increase. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess GH and/or sex steroid administration effects on serum glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in older individuals. Design: A double-masked, 2 × 2 factorial, placebo-controlled, double-dummy design was used for the study. Intervention: GH and/or sex steroid [transdermal estradiol plus oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in women (HRT); testosterone enanthate (T) in men] were administered for 6 months. Participants: Healthy, community-dwelling women (n = 57) and men (n = 74) ages 65–88 yr (mean, 72 yr) participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: We measured serum glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity [quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI)] before and during an oral glucose tolerance test and lipid profiles. Results: In women, GH did not alter oral glucose tolerance test 120 min or 2-h area under the curve (AUC) glucose values, but it increased 120 min insulin and AUC insulin. There were no significant effects of HRT or GH+HRT. ISI and QUICKI decreased after GH. In men, GH increased 120 min and AUC glucose and insulin AUC. GH+T increased 120 min glucose and glucose and insulin AUCs. T alone did not affect glucose or insulin. ISI decreased after GH and GH+T, whereas QUICKI decreased after GH. GH in women and men and GH+T in men decreased QUICKI by 4 wk. In women, HRT decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and GH decreased LDL-cholesterol. In men, total cholesterol decreased after T and GH+T. LDL-cholesterol decreased after GH and GH+T. GH increased serum triglycerides. Conclusions: GH administration to healthy older individuals for 6 months increased insulin resistance with moderately beneficial effects on lipids. Chronic GH administration to healthy older individuals increases insulin resistance with moderately beneficial effects on lipids.

scholarly journals An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Solverson ◽  
Theresa R. Henderson ◽  
Hawi Debelo ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi ◽  
David J. Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Evidence supports the beneficial effects of berries on glucoregulation, possibly related to flavonoid content, fiber content, or both. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mixed berries to improve insulin sensitivity and to identify the potential role of flavonoids and fiber. In a randomized cross-over trial with four treatment periods, overweight/obese men and women were fed a controlled 45% fat diet for one week prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test. The same base diet was provided during each feeding period with the addition of one of four treatments: whole mixed berries, sugar matched mixed berry juice, sugar matched gelatin, and sugar/fiber matched gelatin. Subjects then completed a meal-based oral glucose tolerance test. Serum glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were not different between individual treatments. However, in a secondary analysis, the combined berry preparations resulted in a lower serum insulin area under the curve (difference of 0.15 ± 0.066 ln pmol min/mL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0228), compared to the combined gelatin treatments, while the difference for serum glucose did not quite meet statistical significance (difference of 0.17 ± 0.093 ln mg·min/dL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0738). These results suggest the potential for mixed berry preparations to improve post-prandial insulin response.

scholarly journals Insulin sensitivity obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test and its relationship with birthweight

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yıldız Dallar ◽  
Dilek Dilli ◽  
Ilknur Bostancı ◽  
Elmas Öğüş ◽  
Şeyda Doğankoç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

scholarly journals Validation of Insulin Sensitivity Indices from Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Parameters in Obese Children and Adolescents

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine W. Yeckel ◽  
Ram Weiss ◽  
James Dziura ◽  
Sara E. Taksali ◽  
Sylvie Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipid Content

Abstract Given the extreme increase in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and the potential for metabolic syndrome in obese youth, identifying simplified indexes for assessing stimulated insulin sensitivity is critical. The purpose of this study was validation of two surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity determined from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): the composite whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). An obese population (aged 8–18 yr) of normal and impaired glucose tolerance individuals was studied. One group (n = 38) performed both the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and OGTT for comparison of insulin sensitivity measurements as well as 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy estimates of intramyocellular lipid content. Another larger (n = 368) cohort participated only in an OGTT. Both the WBISI and ISI represented good estimates (r = 0.78 and 0.74; P < 0.0005) for clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (glucose disposed, M-value), respectively. In the large cohort, the surrogate indexes demonstrated the shift toward poorer function and increased risk profile as a function of insulin resistance. Additionally, the WBISI and ISI correlated with intramyocellular lipid content (r = −0.74 and −0.71; P < 0.0001), a tissue marker for insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity can be estimated using plasma glucose and insulin responses derived from the OGTT in obese youth with normal and impaired glucose tolerance.

Estimation of β-cell function from the data of the oral glucose tolerance test

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. E1575-E1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sakaue ◽  
Shinji Ishimaru ◽  
Daisuke Ikeda ◽  
Yoshinori Ohtsuka ◽  
Toshiro Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
The Relationship

Although a hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity has been shown, the relationship has been often questioned. We examined the relationship using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived indexes. A total of 374 Japanese subjects who had never been given a diagnosis of diabetes underwent a 75-g OGTT. In subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), the ln [insulinogenic index (IGI)] was described by a linear function of ln ( x) ( x, insulin sensitivity index) in regression analysis when the reciprocal of the insulin resistance index in homeostasis model assessment, Matsuda's index, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index were used as x. Because the 95% confidence interval of the slope of the regression line did not necessarily include −1, the relationships between IGI and x were not always hyperbolic, but power functions IGI × xα = a constant. We thought that IGI × xα was an appropriate β-cell function estimate adjusted by insulin sensitivity and referred to it as β-cell function index (BI). When Matsuda's index was employed as x, the BI values were decreased in subjects without NGT. Log BI had a better correlation with fasting plasma glucose (PG; FPG) and 2-h PG in non-NGT subjects than in NGT subjects. In subjects with any glucose tolerance, log BI was linearly correlated with 1-h PG and glucose spike (the difference between maximum PG and FPG). In conclusion, the relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity was not always hyperbolic. The BI is a useful tool in the estimation of β-cell function with a mathematical basis.

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