scholarly journals OR08-05 Sex and Ethnic Differences in Advanced Lipoprotein Profiles in South Asians, African-Americans, and Caucasians

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Sarcone ◽  
Andin Fosam ◽  
Abdul-Latif Armiyaw ◽  
Shivraj Grewal ◽  
Rashika Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Lipoprotein Profiles

Abstract Background: African-Americans (AA) and South Asians (SA) are known to have higher risk for T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to Caucasians (CA). Advanced analysis of lipoprotein particles with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can offer insights into CVD risk and lipid metabolism beyond a standard lipid panel. Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be associated with atherogenic lipoprotein profile. Objective: To characterize the lipoprotein profile in AA, CA, and SA men and women. Design: A cross-sectional study of 182 healthy, non-diabetic SA, AA and CA patients was conducted at NIH. Subjects underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test from which insulin sensitivity (Si) was derived using the Minimal Model. Lipoprotein profiles were measured by NMR with the LP4 deconvolution algorithm, which reports triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLPs), high-density lipoprotein particles (HDLPs), and low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLPs). For group comparisons, Si was adjusted for age and fat free mass. Lipoprotein parameters were adjusted for age and body fat %. Results: Fifty-nine non-diabetic SA (33 males, 26 females), 49 AA (26 males, 23 females), and 74 CA (29 males, 45 females) were included in the study. Ethnic differences in Si were observed in men (p=0.002) but not in women (p=0.43). SA men had a significantly lower Si than both AA and CA men (p=0.02). TG concentrations and TRL particle number were significantly higher in CA men and women when compared with AA. TRLP size was not different between the ethnic groups in either sex. LDL particle number and ApoB concentration was significantly higher in SA men and women compared to AA and CA. There were no ethnic or sex differences in LDL size. HDL concentration, HDL particle number, and ApoA-I levels were not different between the groups in both sexes. However, in SA, large HDL particle number and HDL particle size was significantly lower than CA. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity was significantly higher in SA men, but not women, when compared with AA and CA. Ethnic differences in LDLP and L-HDLP number remained even after adjusting for Si. Conclusions: In SA men and women, the lipoprotein phenotype (higher LDLP and lower L-HDLP) is independent of insulin sensitivity. Increased CETP activity may contribute to the lower large HDL particle number in this group. In AA, TG and TRLP number were lower as previously reported. Further investigation is needed to determine the factors mediating the atherogenic profile in SA.

scholarly journals Advanced Lipoprotein Analysis Shows Atherogenic Lipid Profile That Improves After Metreleptin in Patients with Lipodystrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra B Kinzer ◽  
Robert D Shamburek ◽  
Marissa Lightbourne ◽  
Ranganath Muniyappa ◽  
Rebecca J Brown
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid

Abstract Context Patients with lipodystrophy have dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Leptin treatment with metreleptin in lipodystrophy decreases insulin resistance and lowers triglycerides without changing high-density lipoprotein. Detailed measurement of lipoprotein particles with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can offer insights into cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and lipid metabolism beyond a standard lipid panel. We hypothesized that patients with lipodystrophy would have a more atherogenic lipid profile than controls at baseline, which would be ameliorated with metreleptin treatment. Objective To characterize the lipoprotein profile in patients with lipodystrophy compared with controls and to evaluate effects of metreleptin treatment. Design, Setting, Patients, and Intervention Patients with lipodystrophy (N = 17) were studied before and after metreleptin for 2 weeks and 6 months and compared with 51 insulin-sensitive sex-matched controls. Main Outcome Measures Lipoprotein profiles were measured by NMR with the LP4 deconvolution algorithm, which reports triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLPs), high-density lipoprotein particles (HDLPs), and low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLPs). Results Patients with lipodystrophy had elevated large TRLPs and smaller HDLPs and LDLPs compared with controls. Five patients with lipodystrophy had chylomicrons, compared with zero controls. Metreleptin decreased the size and concentration of TRLPs, eliminated chylomicrons in all but one patient, decreased LDLPs, and increased LDLP size. Metreleptin treatment did not have major effects on HDLPs. Conclusions Patients with lipodystrophy had an atherogenic lipoprotein profile at baseline consistent with elevated CVD risk, which improved after metreleptin treatment. The presence of fasting chylomicrons in a subset of patients with lipodystrophy suggests saturation of chylomicron clearance by lipoprotein lipase.

High intake of cholesterol results in less atherogenic low-density lipoprotein particles in men and women independent of response classification

Metabolism ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L Herron ◽  
Ingrid E Lofgren ◽  
Matthew Sharman ◽  
Jeff S Volek ◽  
Maria Luz Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Response Classification

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in subclinical vascular function in South Asians, Whites, and African Americans in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 100598
Author(s):  
Unjali P. Gujral ◽  
Anurag Mehta ◽  
Salman Sher ◽  
Irina Uphoff ◽  
Saket Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals APOL1nephropathy risk variants are associated with altered high-density lipoprotein profiles in African Americans

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando M. Gutiérrez ◽  
Suzanne E. Judd ◽  
Marguerite R. Irvin ◽  
Degui Zhi ◽  
Nita Limdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Risk Variants ◽  
Lipoprotein Profiles

scholarly journals Effects of Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition, and Fitness on Lipoprotein Particle Sizes and Concentrations Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. E713-E718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Irving ◽  
K. Sreekumaran Nair ◽  
Manivannan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Context: Insulin resistance has been reported to be associated with development of atherogenic dyslipidemia. However, the confounding effects that obesity and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness have on the relationship between insulin resistance and the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia remain to be adequately addressed. Objective: This study sought to examine the independent and combined effects of insulin sensitivity, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness on lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations. Methods: Eight-four healthy, nondiabetic men (n = 43) and women (n = 41) were studied. The participants had a wide range of ages (18–30 and 65–80 yr), body composition (7.2–52.8% fat), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak, 13.5–66.2 ml/kg·min). Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein particle profiles were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Results: Low levels of insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness and higher levels of adiposity were associated with the accumulation of small, dense, low-density lipoprotein particles; small high-density lipoprotein particles; triglycerides; and very low-density lipoprotein particles. Multivariate forward-stepwise regression revealed that higher levels of adiposity, in particular truncal fat, were the strongest predictor of the lipoprotein particle size and concentration data, followed by insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: As expected, the accumulation of atherogenic lipoprotein particles (e.g. small, dense, low-density lipoprotein particles and small, high-density lipoprotein particles) was associated with low levels of insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and higher levels of adiposity. However, multivariate forward-stepwise regression revealed that triglycerides, followed by truncal fat mass, were the strongest predictors of the lipoprotein particle size and concentration data.

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