Estrogen Activity of OTC Topical Medications Containing Parabens Depends on Paraben Type and Concentration

Abstract Methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben are widely used as preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. Parabens are also known to bind the estrogen receptor and induce weak estrogen activity in laboratory bioassays. Many OTC topical medications contain one or more parabens as preservative ingredients. In this study, we surveyed the estrogen activity of extracts from OTC topical medications and tested the hypothesis that a combined threshold concentration of particular parabens is required to induce estrogen activity in human breast cancer cell bioassays. Ethanol extracts (1 gm:1 ml) were prepared from OTC topical medications containing parabens (including: Olay Quench Lotion, CeraVe Daily Moisturizing Lotion and Cortizon-10 Lotion). The estrogen agonist and antagonist activity of each extract was determined using the T47dkbluc estrogen reporter gene and the MCF-7 E3 estrogen responsive proliferation assays. The extracts from Olay Quench Lotion and CeraVe Daily Moisturizing Lotion induced estrogen agonist activity in the MCF-7 proliferation assay. The extract from the Cortizon-10 Lotion did not induce significant estrogen activity. The product ingredients of each OTC topical medications tested listed ethyl and propyl parabens while the Olay Quench Lotion also contained the least estrogenic paraben methylparaben. We propose that the estrogenic potential of OTC topical medications can be estimated with LC-MS analysis determination of paraben content and concentration. This study illustrates that measurable estrogen activity from OTC topical medications requires the presence of estrogenic parabens (ethyl and propyl) at total concentrations that exceed a threshold. Thus, estrogen activity depends on the type and concentration of paraben present in the OTC topical products. While the capacity for these OTC topical medications to induce estrogen activity in individuals using the products is unclear, consumers may benefit from more information about the paraben type and concentration present.

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New Batch and Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Captopril in Some Pharmaceutical Products

Polytechnic Journal ◽

10.25156/ptj.2018.8.2.142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 207-221

Author(s):

Yousif Maaroof

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Products

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Water quality. Determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water

10.3403/30292007u ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Quality ◽

Estrogenic Potential

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HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Famotidine from Pharmaceutical Products

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.2.6093 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 297-299

Author(s):

Adriana Nita ◽

Delia Mirela Tit ◽

Lucian Copolovici ◽

Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽

Dana Maria Copolovici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Linear Response ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Acetic Acid Solution ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Quantification Limit ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Hplc Analyses

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid, accurate, and exact method for the quantitative determination of famotidine in pharmaceutical products. The HPLC analyses were performed by using a mobile phase containing methanol:1% acetic acid solution=30:7 (v/v), at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min.The total time of the method was 10 min, and the retention time of famotidine was 4.16 min. The detection was evaluated at l=267 nm. The method has been validated by using different validation parameters. The linear response of the detector for famotidine peak area was observed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.0001 mg mL-1 , resulting in a correlation coefficient of 0.99998. The values of the detection limit and of the quantification limit are 0.00048 mg mL-1 and 0.00148 mg mL-1, respectively. The method proposed allowed accurate (with a relative error of less than 2%) and precise (RSD values less than 2.0%) determination of famotidine content in pharmaceutical products and can be used for its rapid quantitative analysis.

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The Expression of Dopamine Receptors Gene and their Potential Role in Targeting Breast Cancer Cells with Selective Agonist and Antagonist Drugs. Could it be the Novel Insight to Therapy?

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163815666180130101421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 184-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hossein Bakhtou ◽

Asiie Olfatbakhsh ◽

Abdolkhaegh Deezagi ◽

Ghasem Ahangari

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Dopamine Receptors ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

D2 Receptors ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Agonist And Antagonist ◽

The Mean ◽

Mcf 7

Background:Breast cancer is one of the common causes of mortality for women in Iran and other parts of the world. The substantial increasing rate of breast cancer in both developed and developing countries warns the scientists to provide more preventive steps and therapeutic measures. This study is conducted to investigate the impact of neurotransmitters (e.g., Dopamine) through their receptors and the importance of cancers via damaging immune system. It also evaluates dopamine receptors gene expression in the women with breast cancer at stages II or III and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) related agonist and antagonist drug effects on human breast cancer cells, including MCF-7 and SKBR-3.Methods:The patients were categorized into two groups: 30 native patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer at stages II and III, with the mean age of 44.6 years and they were reported to have the experience of a chronic stress or unpleasant life event. The second group included 30 individuals with the mean age of 39 years as the control group. In order to determine the RNA concentration in all samples, the RNA samples were extracted and cDNA was synthesized. The MCF-7 cells and SKBR-3 cells were treated with dopamine receptors agonists and antagonists. The MTT test was conducted to identify oxidative and reductive enzymes and to specify appropriate dosage at four concentrations of dopamine and Cabergoline on MCF-7 and SKBR-3 cells. Immunofluorescence staining was done by the use of a mixed dye containing acridine orange and ethidiume bromide on account of differentiating between apoptotic and necrotic cells. Flow cytometry assay was an applied method to differentiate necrotic from apoptotic cells.Results:Sixty seven and thirty three percent of the patients were related to stages II and III, respectively. About sixty three percent of the patients expressed ER, while fifty seven percent expressed PR. Thirty seven percent of the patients were identified as HER-2 positive. All types of D2-receptors were expressed in PBMC of patients with breast cancer and healthy individuals. The expression of the whole dopamine receptor subtypes (DRD2-DRD4) was carried out on MCF-7 cell line. The results of RT-PCR confirmed the expression of DRD2 on SKBR-3 cells, whereas the other types of D2- receptors did not have an expression. The remarkable differences in gene expression rates between patients and healthy individuals were revealed in the result of the Real-time PCR analysis. The over expression in DRD2 and DRD4 genes of PBMCs was observed in the patients with breast cancer at stages II and III. The great amount of apoptosis and necrosis occurred after the treatment of MCF-7 cells by Cabergoline from 25 to 100 µmolL-1 concentrations.Conclusion:This study revealed the features of dopamine receptors associated with apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells. Moreover, the use of D2-agonist based on dopamine receptors expression in various breast tumoral cells could be promising as a new insight of complementary therapy in breast cancer.

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Development and Validation of an Eco-Friendly and Low-Cost Method for the Quantification of Cefepime Hydrochloride in Powder for Injectable Solution Using Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411014666180704122816 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 456-464

Author(s):

Danilo F. Rodrigues ◽

Hérida R.N. Salgado

Keyword(s):

Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Potassium Bromide ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Injectable Formulation ◽

Ich Guidelines ◽

Lactam Ring ◽

Development And Validation

Background: A simple, eco-friendly and low-cost Infrared (IR) method was developed and validated for the analysis of Cefepime Hydrochloride (CEF) in injectable formulation. Different from some other methods, which employ organic solvents in the analyses, this technique does not use these types of solvents, removing large impacts on the environment and risks to operators. Objective: This study aimed at developing and validating a green analytical method using IR spectroscopy for the determination of CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and the quantification of CEF was performed in the spectral region absorbed at 1815-1745 cm-1 (stretching of the carbonyl group of β- lactam ring). Results: The validated method showed to be linear (r = 0.9999) in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mg/pellet of potassium bromide, as well as for the parameters of selectivity, precision, accuracy, robustness and Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ), being able to quantify the CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. The CEF content obtained by the IR method was 103.86%. Conclusion: Thus, the method developed may be an alternative in the quality control of CEF sample in lyophilized powder for injectable solution, as it presented important characteristics in the determination of the pharmaceutical products, with low analysis time and a decrease in the generation of toxic wastes to the environment.

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