scholarly journals Normative reference values for strength and flexibility of 1,000 children and adults

Neurology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnee J. McKay ◽  
Jennifer N. Baldwin ◽  
Paulo Ferreira ◽  
Milena Simic ◽  
Natalie Vanicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Joint Flexibility ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Natural History Studies ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Flexibility Measures ◽  
Shoulder Musculature

Objective:To establish reference values for isometric strength of 12 muscle groups and flexibility of 13 joint movements in 1,000 children and adults and investigate the influence of demographic and anthropometric factors.Methods:A standardized reliable protocol of hand-held and fixed dynamometry for isometric strength of ankle, knee, hip, elbow, and shoulder musculature as well as goniometry for flexibility of the ankle, knee, hip, elbow, shoulder, and cervical spine was performed in an observational study investigating 1,000 healthy male and female participants aged 3–101 years. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with strength and flexibility of children, adolescents, adults, and older adults.Results:Normative reference values of 25 strength and flexibility measures were generated. Strong linear correlations between age and strength were identified in the first 2 decades of life. Muscle strength significantly decreased with age in older adults. Regression modeling identified increasing height as the most significant predictor of strength in children, higher body mass in adolescents, and male sex in adults and older adults. Joint flexibility gradually decreased with age, with little sex difference. Waist circumference was a significant predictor of variability in joint flexibility in adolescents, adults, and older adults.Conclusions:Reference values and associated age- and sex-stratified z scores generated from this study can be used to determine the presence and extent of impairments associated with neuromuscular and other neurologic disorders, monitor disease progression over time in natural history studies, and evaluate the effect of new treatments in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽  
Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽  
Justyna Kilian ◽  
Natalia Wołoszyn ◽  
Bernard Sozański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic Reference Values for a Population of Older Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Dewhurst ◽  
Luigi Y. Di Marco ◽  
Felicity Dewhurst ◽  
Philip C. Adams ◽  
Alan Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Sensory thresholds in older adults: Reproducibility and reference values

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nico D. de Neeling ◽  
Pieter J. Beks ◽  
Frits W. Bertelsmann ◽  
Robert J. Heine ◽  
Lex M. Bouter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Sensory Thresholds

Developmental Changes in Isometric Strength: Longitudinal Study in Adolescent Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (09) ◽  
pp. 688-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Duarte ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
Manuel Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
R. Malina ◽  
Dieter Deprez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Knee Flexors

AbstractThis study aimed to examine longitudinal changes in isometric strength of the knee extensors (ImKE) and knee flexors (ImKF) at 30° and 60°. The sample was composed of 67 players aged 11.0–13.9 years at baseline over five years. Stature, body mass, skinfolds, and isometric strength (ImKE30°, ImKF30°, ImKE60° and ImKF60°) were measured. Fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) were derived from skinfolds. Skeletal age was obtained using TW2 RUS. Multilevel random effects regression analyses extracted developmental polynomial models. An annual increment on chronological age (CA) corresponded to 5.6 N (ImKE30°), 2.7 N (ImKF30°), 4.6 N (ImKE60°) and 1.5 N (ImKF60°). An increment of 1 kg in FFM predicted isometric strength as follows: 1.2 N (ImKE30°), 2.1 N (ImKF30°), 3.1 N (ImKE60°) and 2.0 N (ImKF60°). The following equations were obtained: ImKE30°=5.759×CA+1.163×FFM; ImKF30°=−19.369+2.691×CA+0.693×CA2+2.108×FFM; ImKE60°=4.553×CA+3.134×FFM; and, ImKF60°=-19.669+1.544×CA+2.033×FFM. Although skeletal maturity had a negligible effect on dependent variables, age and body size, based on FFM, were relevant longitudinal predictors. During adolescence, systematic assessment of knee extensors and knee flexors are strongly recommended to prevent impairment of knee muscle groups.

scholarly journals Omega-3 supplementation improves isometric strength but not muscle anabolic and catabolic signaling in response to resistance exercise in healthy older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Dalle ◽  
Evelien Van Roie ◽  
Charlotte Hiroux ◽  
Mathias Vanmunster ◽  
Walter Coudyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Old skeletal muscle exhibits decreased anabolic sensitivity, eventually contributing to muscle wasting. Besides anabolism, also muscle inflammation and catabolism are critical players in regulating the old skeletal muscle’s sensitivity. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) are an interesting candidate to reverse anabolic insensitivity via anabolic actions. Yet, it remains unknown whether ω-3 also attenuates muscle inflammation and catabolism. The present study investigates the effect of ω-3 supplementation on muscle inflammation and metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) upon resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-three older adults (OA) (65-84yr;8♀) were randomized to receive ω-3 (~3g·d -1) or corn oil (PLAC) and engaged in a 12-wk RE program (3x·wk -1). Before and after intervention, muscle volume, strength and systemic inflammation were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for markers of anabolism, catabolism and inflammation. Isometric knee-extensor strength increased in ω-3 (+12.2%), but not in PLAC (-1.4%; pinteraction=0.015), whereas leg press strength improved in both conditions (+27.1%; ptime<0.001). RE, but not ω-3, decreased inflammatory (p65NF-κB) and catabolic (FOXO1, LC3b) markers, and improved muscle quality. Yet, muscle volume remained unaffected by RE and ω-3. Accordingly, muscle anabolism (mTORC1) and plasma CRP remained unchanged by RE and ω-3, whereas serum IL-6 tended to decrease in ω-3 (pinteraction=0.07). These results show that, despite no changes in muscle volume, RE-induced gains in isometric strength can be further enhanced by ω-3. However, ω-3 did not improve RE-induced beneficial catabolic or inflammatory adaptations. Irrespective of muscle volume, gains in strength (primary criterion for sarcopenia) might be explained by changes in muscle quality due to muscle inflammatory or catabolic signaling.

Investigation of the Effect of Exertion Length on Measured Isometric Strength

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
James E. Mogensen ◽  
Terrence J. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Student Volunteer ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Measured Strength

Isometric strength testing has been shown to be an effective method of matching employee strength capability to job strength requirements. Increased blood pressure and other cardiovascular effects produce undesirable stress in test subjects and could be reduced by using a shorter test if no additional information is gained by using a longer test. If several muscle groups are involved in an isometric strength test the “Ergonomics Guides for Assessment of Human Static Strength” suggests that pilot studies be performed to assure adequate time for a subject to seek and maintain a maximum voluntary effort for a period of at least three seconds. This study was designed to quantitatively investigate the effect of exertion length on measured strength for three strength tests simulating industrial activities. Twenty student volunteer subjects (10 M, 10 F) performed each test for both a five second and three second duration. The force measured during selected one to four second intervals or both the five second and three second tests were compared. This study indicates that it may be possible to decrease the length of isometric tests without reducing the validity of resulting strength measurements, thus reducing the stress on the subjects.

scholarly journals Laboratory values in a Spanish population of older adults: A comparison with reference values from younger adults

Maturitas ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Millán-Calenti ◽  
Alba Sánchez ◽  
Laura Lorenzo-López ◽  
Ana Maseda
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Laboratory Values

Recovery from Strenuous Downhill Running in Young and Older Physically Active Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Hayashi ◽  
Miriam E. Leary ◽  
Stephen J. Roy ◽  
Jitanan Laosiripisan ◽  
Evan P. Pasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Muscle Groups

AbstractThere is a well-conceived notion that rate of recovery from strenuous exercise gets slower with age. However, it is unclear whether older adults who exercise habitually demonstrate slower rates of recovery. We determined whether older adults who are physically active demonstrate slower rates of recovery from unaccustomed strenuous exercise compared with younger peers. Healthy young sedentary (n=10, 28±2 years), young endurance-trained (n=15, 27±2 years), and older endurance-trained (n=14, 58±2 years) men and women were studied. Participants performed 45 min of downhill running at 65% of their maximal oxygen consumption. Visual analog pain scores of muscle groups increased at 24, 48, and 72 h in all three groups (p<0.05), and changes in the muscular pain scale of the legs was smaller in the older trained group than in the young trained group. Maximum isometric strengths at 90° decreased in all groups at 24 h, but the recovery rates were not different at 72 h among the groups. Plasma creatine kinase activity and myoglobin concentration increased at 24 h following downhill running and returned to baseline at 48 h in both the young and older trained groups. The present findings are not consistent with the prevailing notion that older trained adults have a slower rate of recovery from strenuous exercise.

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