Neurologic health outcomes and Agent Orange: Institute of Medicine report*

Neurology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Goetz ◽  
K. I. Bolla ◽  
S. M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Institute Of Medicine

scholarly journals Developing Scientific and Policy Methods That Support Precautionary Action in the Face of Uncertainty—The Institute of Medicine Committee on Agent Orange

2002 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Tickner
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Precautionary Action ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tools And Methods

To be precautionary, decisions must be made to prevent the impacts of potentially harmful activities even though the nature and magnitude of harm have not been proven scientifically. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposures to Herbicides provides a novel example of science and policy structures that support precautionary action in the face of uncertainty. What makes this example unique is the clear set of precautionary decision rules that lowered the standard for evidence, which formed the basis for policy. These rules, established by Congress, strongly influenced the way scientific information was weighed and the subsequent compensation decisions. They encouraged committee members to think outside the confines of their disciplines and develop new tools and methods to fit their unique mandate. The result was a methodology, supported by strong institutional structures, that allowed scientists to discuss the evidence as a whole, reach decisions as a group, and clarify uncertainties.

scholarly journals Short-term Supplemental Dietary Potassium from Potato and Potassium Gluconate Effect on Potassium Retention in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults (P24-051-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stone ◽  
Berdine Martin ◽  
Sisi Cao ◽  
Connie Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Advisory Committees

Abstract Objectives Potassium is an essential nutrient of concern according to recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committees. Current recommendations established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are given as an Adequate Intake (AI) of 4700 mg/d, met by less than 3% of the population. Little is known about potassium (K) tissue retention and less is understood on how retention may affect health outcomes. In this clinical trial, we assessed the effects of K intake from potato sources and a K supplement on overall K balance. Methods Thirty pre-hypertensive-to-hypertensive (Systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg) men (N = 15) and women (N = 15) with a mean ± SD age, BMI, and BP (systolic(SBP)/diastolic(DBP)) of 48.2 ± 15 y, 31.4 ± 6.1, and 136.3 ± 11.9/86.1 ± 7.1 mmHg, respectively, were enrolled in a cross-over randomized control diet trial. Participants were assigned to a random order of four 16-day dietary K interventions including a basal diet (control) of 2300 mg/d(∼60 mmol/d), and three periods of an additional 1000 mg/d(3300 mg/d(∼85 mmol/d) total) of K in the form of potatoes (baked, boiled, or pan-heated with no additional fat), French fries, or a K gluconate supplement. Each intervention period was separated by two or more weeks of wash out. Twenty-four hour urine and stool samples were collected throughout each intervention phase, and assessed via ICP-OES for K, sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) content. Results for differences in mineral balance were assessed as % (%) of intake by 15-day sums as follows: retention = dietary intake – urine + stool losses. Results Using a mixed model with repeated measures and follow-up contrast analyses, initial analysis shows no significant differences (P > 0.05) in % mineral retention (± SE) for K (control: 28.92 ± 7.19, French fries: 30.37 ± 5.81, potatoes: 26.39 ± 5.11, supplement: 34.52 ± 6.53), Na (control: 23.42 ± 10.34, French fries: 30.37 ± 8.03, potatoes: 20.15 ± 6.86, supplement: 26.47 ± 10.14), or Ca (control: 25.21 ± 11.23, French fries: 16.61 ± 13.47, potatoes: 24.22 ± 4.56, supplement: 31.46 ± 8.22). Conclusions Although there appears to be no difference in mineral retention due to source, these findings may challenge the current dogma that K and Na intake are equivalent to urinary output, and raise the question of how retention in various tissues can influence health outcomes. Funding Sources The Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

Institute of Medicine Report on Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth

2013 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Pate ◽  
Stephen Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Fitness Measures

Dental education institutions must respond to the Institute of Medicine report

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
JA Gershen
Keyword(s):  
Dental Education ◽  
Institute Of Medicine

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Abstract #282 Diabetes Care, Economics and Health Outcomes: Experiences from the 3 Decade Free Diabetes Clinic for the Poor

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Nidhi Garg ◽  
Muralidhara Krishna ◽  
Madhumati S. Vaishnav ◽  
Vasanthi Nath ◽  
S. Chandraprabha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
The Poor

Mental Health Among Adolescents from Returned Portuguese Immigrant Families

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

This study investigated mental health problems and their predictors among adolescents from returned immigrant families. The sample consisted of 360 returned adolescents (mean age = 16.8 years; SD = 1.9). The mean duration of a sojourn in Portugal for the sample was 8.2 years (SD = 4.5). A control group of 217 Portuguese youths were also included in the study. Adolescents from immigrant families reported mental health levels similar to those of Portuguese adolescents who have never migrated. Girls showed more mental health problems than boys. Younger adolescents showed fewer mental health problems than older adolescents. Adaptation variables contributed to mental health outcomes even after acculturation variables were accounted for. Implications of the study for counselors are discussed.

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