scholarly journals Short-term Supplemental Dietary Potassium from Potato and Potassium Gluconate Effect on Potassium Retention in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults (P24-051-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stone ◽  
Berdine Martin ◽  
Sisi Cao ◽  
Connie Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Advisory Committees

Abstract Objectives Potassium is an essential nutrient of concern according to recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committees. Current recommendations established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are given as an Adequate Intake (AI) of 4700 mg/d, met by less than 3% of the population. Little is known about potassium (K) tissue retention and less is understood on how retention may affect health outcomes. In this clinical trial, we assessed the effects of K intake from potato sources and a K supplement on overall K balance. Methods Thirty pre-hypertensive-to-hypertensive (Systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg) men (N = 15) and women (N = 15) with a mean ± SD age, BMI, and BP (systolic(SBP)/diastolic(DBP)) of 48.2 ± 15 y, 31.4 ± 6.1, and 136.3 ± 11.9/86.1 ± 7.1 mmHg, respectively, were enrolled in a cross-over randomized control diet trial. Participants were assigned to a random order of four 16-day dietary K interventions including a basal diet (control) of 2300 mg/d(∼60 mmol/d), and three periods of an additional 1000 mg/d(3300 mg/d(∼85 mmol/d) total) of K in the form of potatoes (baked, boiled, or pan-heated with no additional fat), French fries, or a K gluconate supplement. Each intervention period was separated by two or more weeks of wash out. Twenty-four hour urine and stool samples were collected throughout each intervention phase, and assessed via ICP-OES for K, sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) content. Results for differences in mineral balance were assessed as % (%) of intake by 15-day sums as follows: retention = dietary intake – urine + stool losses. Results Using a mixed model with repeated measures and follow-up contrast analyses, initial analysis shows no significant differences (P > 0.05) in % mineral retention (± SE) for K (control: 28.92 ± 7.19, French fries: 30.37 ± 5.81, potatoes: 26.39 ± 5.11, supplement: 34.52 ± 6.53), Na (control: 23.42 ± 10.34, French fries: 30.37 ± 8.03, potatoes: 20.15 ± 6.86, supplement: 26.47 ± 10.14), or Ca (control: 25.21 ± 11.23, French fries: 16.61 ± 13.47, potatoes: 24.22 ± 4.56, supplement: 31.46 ± 8.22). Conclusions Although there appears to be no difference in mineral retention due to source, these findings may challenge the current dogma that K and Na intake are equivalent to urinary output, and raise the question of how retention in various tissues can influence health outcomes. Funding Sources The Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

scholarly journals Anti-Fel d1 immunoglobulin Y antibody-containing egg ingredient lowers allergen levels in cat saliva

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Satyaraj ◽  
Qinghong Li ◽  
Peichuan Sun ◽  
Scott Sherrill
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Daily Trial ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach

Objectives Fel d1 is the major cat allergen, causing IgE reactions in up to 90% of cat-allergic adults. Fel d1 secreted in saliva is spread to the haircoat during grooming. Current management includes attempts to reduce or eliminate exposure to Fel d1. A novel approach to reducing immunologically active Fel d1 (aFel d1) exposure, which involves binding the Fel d1 with an anti-Fel d1-specific polyclonal egg IgY antibody (sIgY), was evaluated. The hypothesis was that saliva from cats fed diets containing this sIgY would show a significant reduction in aFel d1. Methods Two trials in cats were completed. In trial 1, saliva was collected 0, 1, 3 and 5 h post-feeding during a 2 week baseline and subsequent 6 week treatment period. Trial 2 included a control and treatment group, and saliva was collected once daily. Trial 2 cats were fed the control diet during a 1 week baseline period, and then fed either control or sIgY diet during the 4 week treatment period. Fel d1-specific ELISA was used to measure salivary aFel d1. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and a linear mixed-model analysis. Results Salivary aFel d1 decreased post-treatment in both trials. There were no differences in aFel d1 based on time of collection relative to feeding in trial 1. In trial 2, 82% of treatment group cats showed a decrease in aFel d1 of at least 20% from baseline vs just 38% of control cats. Only one (9%) treatment cat showed an increase in aFel d1 vs 63% of control cats. Conclusions and relevance Feeding sIgY significantly reduced aFel d1 in the saliva of cats within 3 weeks. Although additional research is needed, these findings show promise for an alternative approach to the management of allergies to cats.

scholarly journals Adapted motivational interviewing for bariatric surgery patients: a pilot study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren David
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Paired Samples

The current pilot trial examined the efficacy of a single-session Adapted Motivational Interviewing (AMI) protocol for improving outcomes for bariatric surgery patients. Forty-six post-operative patients from the Bariatric Surgery Program at Toronto Western Hospital were randomly assigned to either an AMI group (n = 23) or a wait list group (n = 23). From pre- to post-intervention, paired samples t-tests found that participants reported greater readiness and self-efficacy for change, as well as improvements to binge eating characteristics and to some measures of adherence to dietary guidelines at the 4-week follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs found that the behavioural changes were maintained over the 12-week follow-up but mixed model ANOVAs suggest that these changes may not be as marked next to patients receiving standard bariatric care. These preliminary findings suggest that AMI is an acceptable and feasible intervention that might be effective for some bariatric patients. Future research is warranted.

scholarly journals Improving Human Nutrition: A Critical Objective for Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 417-445
Author(s):  
Michael Stone ◽  
Connie Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Essential Nutrient

AbstractPotassium (K) is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid where it plays a key role in maintaining cell function. The majority of K consumed (60–100 mmol day−1) is lost in the urine, with the remaining excreted in the stool, and a very small amount lost in sweat. Little is known about the bioavailability of K, especially from dietary sources. Less is understood on how bioavailability may affect health outcomes. Potassium is an essential nutrient that has been labeled a shortfall nutrient by recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committees. Increases in K intake have been linked to improvements in cardiovascular and other metabolic health outcomes. There is growing evidence for the association between K intake and blood pressure (BP) reduction in adults; hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a major financial burden (US$53.2 billion) to the US public health system and has a significant impact on all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Evidence is also accumulating for the protective effect of adequate dietary K on age-related bone loss and glucose control. Understanding the benefit of K intake from various sources may help to reveal how specific compounds and tissues influence K movement within the body, and further the understanding of its role in health.

scholarly journals Adapted motivational interviewing for bariatric surgery patients: a pilot study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren David
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Paired Samples

The current pilot trial examined the efficacy of a single-session Adapted Motivational Interviewing (AMI) protocol for improving outcomes for bariatric surgery patients. Forty-six post-operative patients from the Bariatric Surgery Program at Toronto Western Hospital were randomly assigned to either an AMI group (n = 23) or a wait list group (n = 23). From pre- to post-intervention, paired samples t-tests found that participants reported greater readiness and self-efficacy for change, as well as improvements to binge eating characteristics and to some measures of adherence to dietary guidelines at the 4-week follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs found that the behavioural changes were maintained over the 12-week follow-up but mixed model ANOVAs suggest that these changes may not be as marked next to patients receiving standard bariatric care. These preliminary findings suggest that AMI is an acceptable and feasible intervention that might be effective for some bariatric patients. Future research is warranted.

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Ravindra Arya ◽  
Francesco T. Mangano ◽  
Paul S. Horn ◽  
Sabrina K. Kaul ◽  
Serena K. Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Seizure Onset

OBJECTIVEThere is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.METHODSChildren who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.RESULTSOne hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.CONCLUSIONSA lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.

scholarly journals Efficacy of galcanezumab in patients with migraine who did not benefit from commonly prescribed preventive treatments

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulanji K. Kuruppu ◽  
Joshua Tobin ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Sheena K. Aurora ◽  
Laura Yunes-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Onabotulinum Toxin A ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Galcanezumab is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine. While galcanezumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients who did not respond to prior preventive medications in general, its efficacy in patients who did not benefit from individual, commonly prescribed preventive treatments due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability remains unknown. Methods CONQUER was a 3-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study that enrolled patients with episodic or chronic migraine who had 2 to 4 migraine preventive medication category failures in the past 10 years. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive placebo (N = 230) or galcanezumab 120 mg/month (240 mg loading dose; N = 232). Post hoc analyses were conducted to determine the efficacy of galcanezumab in patients who had not benefited from six of the most commonly prescribed migraine preventive medications. The mean change from baseline in monthly migraine headache days and ≥ 50 % response rates were assessed over months 1–3. Improvement in Migraine-Specific Questionnaire Role Function-Restrictive (MSQ-RFR) scores were assessed at month 3. The endpoints were estimated via mixed model with repeated measures. Results The most common treatment failures due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability, which at least 20 % of patients reported trying without benefit, included topiramate, amitriptyline, propranolol, valproate or divalproex, onabotulinum toxin A, and metoprolol. Patients who had not previously benefited from these treatments had a greater mean reduction in monthly migraine headache days across months 1–3 in the galcanezumab group compared to placebo (all p < 0.01). More patients treated with galcanezumab experienced a ≥ 50 % reduction from baseline in monthly migraine headache days across months 1–3 compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). Galcanezumab-treated patients had a greater improvement in mean MSQ-RFR scores at month 3 compared to placebo (all p < 0.01). Conclusions In this population, galcanezumab was effective in reducing monthly migraine headache days, improving response rates, and enhancing quality of life in patients who had not previously benefited from topiramate, amitriptyline, propranolol, valproate or divalproex, onabotulinum toxin A, and/or metoprolol due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03559257 (CONQUER).

scholarly journals 109 Phytate supplementation has minimal impact on mineral digestibility in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Katy Brinkley-Bissinger ◽  
Laura M Cersosimo ◽  
Kathleen E Sullivan ◽  
Shannon E Livingston ◽  
Jill M Bobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inorganic Mineral

Abstract Phosphorus in equine rations is supplied by inorganic mineral fortification or naturally-occurring P in forages and grains. Up to 70% of P in plant material is bound to phytate. In monogastrics like poultry and swine, phytate can reduce absorption of P and divalent cations, but the extent that this occurs in horses is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that phytate decreases mineral digestibility in horses. Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (mean ± SE, 586 ± 19 kg, 10 ± 1.5 y) were randomly assigned to two treatments applied in a cross-over design: IP6 (Ca-Mg-phytate isolated from rice bran fed at 15 mg phytic acid/kg BW) or CON (equivalent Ca, Mg and P from inorganic minerals to match intake from IP6). The level of phytate added represented an amount present in grain-rich rations typically fed to broodmares, growing horses and performance athletes. Supplements were added to a basal diet (1.75% BW, DM basis) consisting of 75% timothy hay and 25% roughage-based concentrate. Each 14-d period had an 11-d treatment adaptation followed by a 3-d total fecal collection. After acid digestion, P was determined colorimetrically and other minerals were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA. Intakes of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe were similar between treatments (140, 72, 40, 1.05, 0.24, and 1.78 mg/kg BW respectively). Apparent P digestibility (18.8 and 17%, SEM 1.9; P = 0.41) and estimates of true P digestibility (32.8 and 30.8%, SEM 1.9; P = 0.39) were similar between CON and IP6. Apparent digestibilities of other minerals were also not affected by IP6 supplementation. Findings suggest horses have sufficient microbial phytase activity in the gastrointestinal tract to mitigate impacts of dietary phytate. Higher levels or different forms of phytate and marginal mineral intake may yield different results.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Turn Speeds on Whole-Body Coordination in Younger and Older Healthy Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2827
Author(s):  
Fuengfa Khobkhun ◽  
Mark Hollands ◽  
Jim Richards
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis

Difficulty in turning is prevalent in older adults and results in postural instability and risk of falling. Despite this, the mechanisms of turning problems have yet to be fully determined, and it is unclear if different speeds directly result in altered posture and turning characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of turning speeds on whole-body coordination and to explore if these can be used to help inform fall prevention programs in older adults. Forty-two participants (21 healthy older adults and 21 younger adults) completed standing turns on level ground. Inertial Measurement Units (XSENS) were used to measure turning kinematics and stepping characteristics. Participants were randomly tasked to turn 180° at one of three speeds; fast, moderate, or slow to the left and right. Two factors mixed model analysis of variance (MM ANOVA) with post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed to assess the two groups and three turning speeds. Significant interaction effects (p < 0.05) were seen in; reorientation onset latency of head, pelvis, and feet, peak segmental angular separation, and stepping characteristics (step frequency and step size), which all changed with increasing turn speed. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed the main effects of speeds within the older adults group on those variables as well as the younger adults group. Our results suggest that turning speeds result in altered whole-body coordination and stepping behavior in older adults, which use the same temporospatial sequence as younger adults. However, some characteristics differ significantly, e.g., onset latency of segments, peak head velocity, step frequency, and step size. Therefore, the assessment of turning speeds elucidates the exact temporospatial differences between older and younger healthy adults and may help to determine some of the issues that the older population face during turning, and ultimately the altered whole-body coordination, which lead to falls.

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